888 research outputs found
Metabolites of Marine Sediment-Derived Fungi: Actual Trends of Biological Activity Studies
No full textMarine sediments are characterized by intense degradation of sedimenting organic matter in the water column and near surface sediments, combined with characteristically low temperatures and elevated pressures. Fungi are less represented in the microbial communities of sediments than bacteria and archaea and their relationships are competitive. This results in wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived fungi both for environmental adaptation and for interspecies interactions. Earlier marine fungal metabolites were investigated mainly for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, but now also as anticancer and cytoprotective drug candidates. This review aims to describe low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of marine sediment-derived fungi in the context of their biological activity and covers research articles published between January 2016 and November 2020
On Some Optimization Problems that Can Be Solved in O(n) Time
No full textWe consider nine elementary problems in optimization. We simply explore the conditions for optimality as known from the duality theory for convex optimization. This yields a quite straightforward solution method for each of these problems. The main contribution of this paper is that we show that even in the harder cases the solution needs only O(n) time.Accepted author manuscriptDiscrete Mathematics and Optimizatio
Cracks, microcracks and fracture in polymer structures: Formation, detection, autonomic repair
No full textThe first author would like to acknowledge the financial support from the European Union under the FP7 COFUND Marie Curie Action. N.M.P. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG Ideas 2011 n. 279985 BIHSNAM, ERC PoC 2015 n. 693670 SILKENE), and by the EU under the FET Graphene Flagship (WP 14 “Polymer nano-composites” n. 696656)
PESI - a taxonomic backbone for Europe
No full textThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Philippinithosia settelei Volynkin & Černý 2023, sp. n.
No full text<i>Philippinithosia settelei</i> sp. n. <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 041811E8-365D-439F-BC18-04AE0422CAAE</p> <p>(Figs 32, 33, 60, 73)</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. <b>Holotype</b> (Figs 32, 60): male, “the Philippines SE Mindanao | Davao Oriental Aliwagwag | Primary forest 90 m. | 07°43.667’N 126°17.304’E | 30 Apr. + 1 May 2008 | JH Lourens leg.” / “Museum Witt | München” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-084♁ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. <b>THE PHILIPPINES</b>: 2 males, 1 female, the same data as holotype, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-321 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. The forewing length is 14.5–15.0 mm in males and 17.0 mm in the female. The genitalia of both sexes of the new species are most similar to <i>P. lourensi</i> and the detailed comparison is provided above in the diagnosis of the latter species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. The new species is known from the island of Mindanao (the Philippines).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The new species is named after Prof. Josef Settele (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Halle, Germany), who was very helpful in organizing the second author’s researches in the Philippines and who is actively involved in science-policy processes for the conservation of Lepidoptera and biodiversity in the Philippines as well as globally. The name is a noun in the genitive case.</p>Published as part of <i>Volynkin, Anton V. & Černý, Karel, 2023, On the taxonomy of " Tigrioides " leucanioides (Walker) with descriptions of two new genera and ten new species from the Oriental realm (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 151-176 in Zootaxa 5352 (2)</i> on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8407084">http://zenodo.org/record/8407084</a>
Aemene laszloi Volynkin 2021, sp. n.
No full textAemene laszloi sp. n. (Figs 4–6, 18, 26) Type material. Holotype (Figs 4, 18): male, “ Nepal, Annapurna Himal, valley of Kali Gandaki, 2080m near Ghasa, 83°39,5´E, 28°36´N 04.VI.1996, leg. Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay ” / “Slide ZSM Arct. 2019-041 A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM). Paratypes. NEPAL: 1 male, 1250m, Annapurna Region, Sudame, 24–25.III.1995, 83°45´E 28°20´N, M. Hreblay & L. Németh leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019-035 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Annapurna Himal, Banthanti village, 2420m, 83°43´E, 28°22.5´N, 01. VI.1996, leg. Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019-042 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM); 15 males, 4 females, Annapurna Himal, Ulleri, 1900 m, 83°43´E, 28°23´N, 3.X.1994, Csorba, Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Annapurna Himal, Bhaleodar, 2400 m, 2 km SE Nangethanti, 83°44´E, 28°23´N, 8.X.1994, Csorba, Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 4 males, 1 female, Annapurna Himal, valley of Kali Gandaki, 1300 m, near Tatopani, 83°39´E, 28°29´N, 03. VI.1996, leg. Gy. M. László and G. Ronkay (MWM/ ZSM); 12 males, 3 females, Annapurna Himal, valley of Kali Gandaki, 2080 m, near Ghasa, 83°39.5´E, 28°36´N, 04. VI.1996, leg. Gy. M. László and G. Ronkay (MWM/ ZSM); 5 males, 7 females, the same locality and collectors but 18–19. VI.1996 (MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, Annapurna Himal, vic. Lumle, 1700 m, V.1996, leg. Ganesh Gurung (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, Annapurna Himal, 1 km NW Chitre, 2300 m, 83°41´E, 28°25.5´N, 21–22. VI.1996, leg. Gy. M. László and G. Ronkay (MWM/ ZSM); 2 males, 1 female, Ganesh Himal, 2 km W of Thangjet, 85°17´E, 28°10´N, 2300 m, 23.IX.1994, Márton Hreblay & Tibor Csővári leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 2 males, Ganesh Himal, 2165 m, 2 km E of Thangjet, 85°10´E, 20°10´N, leg. M. Hreblay & T. Csővári, 17.IX.1994 (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 2300 m, Ganesh Himal, 2 km W of Thangjet, 85°17´E, 28°10´N, leg. M. Hreblay & T. Csővári, 18.IX.1994 (MWM/ ZSM); 2 females, Ganesh Himal, 2 km E of Thangjet, 2165 m, 16–17.IX.1995, Lajos Németh leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 2200 m, 4 km SW Haku, 85°15.5´E, 28°06.5´N, 22.IX.1995, B. Herczig & Gy. M. László leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 1040 m, Mailung Khola, cca 20 km NE Trisuli, 85°12.5´E, 28°04.5´N, 24.IX.1995, B. Herzig & Gy. M. László leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, Ganesh Himal, 2520 m, near Godlang, 85°17´E, 28°10´N, 13.IX.1994, B. Herczig & Gy. M. László leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, Ganesh Himal, 3 km NE of Sunpati, 2330m, 13. VI.1993, M. Hreblay & G. Csorba leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019-040 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, valley of Tamea Kosi River, 1 km N of Dolakha, 1700 m, 12.X.1995, L. Németh leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 1835 m, Langtang, 5 km NNE of Dunche, Barkhu, 85°18´E, 28°08´N, leg. M. Hreblay & T. Csővári, 16.IX.1994 (MWM/ ZSM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 12–13 mm in males and 13–13.5 mm in females. The new species is externally similar to A. cernyi sp. n. but differs in the somewhat larger size, the shortly bipectinate male antenna (densely ciliate in A. cernyi sp. n.), the somewhat more elongate forewing apex of male, and the sharper forewing pattern. The male genital capsule of A. laszloi sp. n. is distinguished from that of A. cernyi sp. n. by the somewhat narrower and shorter juxta, the shorter (the valva to tegumen-vinculum complex ratio is 1:1.4 vs.1: 1.2 in A. cernyi sp. n.) and distally wider valva with the larger apical processes of the costa which are more distant from each other than in A. cernyi sp. n. The phallus of A. laszloi sp. n. is somewhat thicker than that of A. cernyi sp. n. The vesica of the new species is broader than in A. cernyi sp. n., has a larger medial diverticulum, a wider field of more robust granulation without a cluster of spine-like cornuti dorsally, the markedly larger spine-like cornuti of the lateral cluster and the presence of a separated cornutus on a dilated base anteriorly. The female genitalia of the two species are extremely similar but, however, the ductus bursae of A. laszloi sp. n. is somewhat wider posteriorly than that of A. cernyi sp. n., the lateral sclerotised area of the posterior section of the corpus bursae is somewhat shorter, and the round signum is markedly smaller. Distribution. The new species is known from central Nepal. Etymology. The new species is named after Dr. Gyula M. László (Leominster, UK), expert in Old World Nolini and Geometroidea, collector of a part of the type series and author´s friend.Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., 2021, Three new species of the genus Aemene Walker (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Himalayas, pp. 533-546 in Zootaxa 5068 (4) on pages 536-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/570958
Aemene cernyi Volynkin 2021, sp. n.
No full textAemene cernyi sp. n. (Figs1–3, 17, 25) Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 17): male, “ Sikkim, Mt. Kanchenjunga SE 2000m, 22.– 31.7.1995 27´30´´N 88´20´´E leg. E. Afonin & V. Siniaev” / “Slide ZSM Arct. 2019-033 A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM). Paratypes. INDIA: 2 males, the same data as in the holotype (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, Sikkim, Darjeeling, [Coll.] Franz Daniel, München, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019-034 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM); NEPAL: 2 males, valley of Tamea Kosi River, 3 km N of Malephu, 900 m, 10–11.X.1995, L. Németh leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 6 females, valley of Tamea Kosi River, 5 km S of Piguti, 950 m, 8–9.X.1995, L. Németh leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 4 females, valley of Tamea Kosi River, Piguti, 1000 m, 7.X.1995, L. Németh leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 4 females, valley of Tamea Kosi River, 1 km N of Dolakha, 1700 m, 12.X.1995, L. Németh leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 5 females, Mechi, Taplejung area, Tammur valley, Tapethok, 1500 m, 87°45´E, 27°28´N, 24.X.1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 2 males, Koshi, Taplejung area, Tapethok, 1600 m, 87°52´E, 27°32´N, 2.IV.1996, G. Csorba & S. T. Kovács leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Mechi, Taplejung area, Tammur valley, 4 km N Dobhan, 800 m, 87°40´E, 27°22´N, 22.X.1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 7 females, Mechi, Taplejung area, Tammur valley, 2 km N Sinwa, 1100 m, 87°43´E, 27°24´N, 23.X.1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, 2 females, Koshi, Taplejung area Mitlung, 1100 m, 87°48´E, 27°27´N, 31.III.1996, C. Csorba & S. T. Kovács leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 4 females, Koshi, Taplejung area, Tawa, 1200 m, 87°49´E, 27°30´N, 1.IV.1996, C. Csorba & S. T. Kovács leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 2 females, Koshi, Taplejung area at Dhoban, 820 m, 87°40´E, 27°23´N, 28.III.1996, Csorba & Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male without abdomen, Solu Khumbu Himal, 20 km SE of Jiri, Bhandar, 2125 m, 6.VII.1993, M. Hreblay, G. Csorba leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, Deorali Danda, 1 km N of Yamphudin, 1850 m, 12. V.1997, Márton Hreblay & Lajos Szécsényi leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Annapurna Himal, Geirigan village, 1340 m, 83°45´E, 28°20´N, 25. VI.1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 male, 3 females, the same locality and collectors but 26.VII.1995 (MWM/ ZSM); 2 females, Annapurna Himal, near Geirigan, 1340 m, 83°45´E, 28°20´N, 31.III.1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 3 females, Annapurna Himal, 1000 m, 1 km S of Bahundanda, 84°25´´E, 28°20´´N, 06. VI.1996, Hreblay & Szaboky leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 4 females, Ganesh Himal, valley of Mailung Khola, 1150 m, 85°04´E, 28°05´N, 22. V.1995, Gy. Fábián leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 3 females, Annapurna Himal, valley of Kali Gandaki, 1300 m, near Tatopani, 83°39´E, 28°29´N, 20. VI.1996, Gy. M. László and G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 4 males, 6 females, Annapurna Himal, valley of Kali Gandaki, 1300 m, near Tatopani, 83°39´E, 28°29´N, 03. VI.1996, Gy. M. László and G. Ronkay leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 1 female, Trisuli, Trisuli-valley, Ganesh Himal, Nepal, 26.X.1995, S. T. Kovacs [leg.] (MWM/ ZSM); 4 females, Ganesh Himal, 3 km NE of Sunpati, 2330 m, 13. VI.1993, M. Hreblay, G. Csorba leg. (MWM/ ZSM); 4 females, Ganesh Himal, Syabrubesi, 1520 m, 12. VI.1993, M. Hreblay, G. Csorba leg. (MWM/ ZSM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 11–11.5 mm in males and 11.5–12 mm in females. The new species is vaguely reminiscent of A. taprobanis but differs clearly in the densely ciliate male antenna (shortly bipectinate in A. taprobanis), the darker, brown-grey body and forewing colouration (pale yellowish-creamy in A. taprobanis), the diffuse brown forewing pattern (sharp and black in A. taprobanis), and the darker, brownish-grey hindwing ground colour (pale ochreous with grey suffusion in A. taprobanis). In the male genitalia of A. cernyi sp. n., the uncus is dilated distally (medially dilated in A. taprobanis), the valva is markedly wider and the apical costal processes conspicuously shorter than in A. taprobanis. Additionally, the distal saccular process of the new species is reduced and tubercle-like whereas it is broadly triangular and apically rounded in A. taprobanis. The phallus of A. cernyi sp. n. lacks a medial dorsal protrusion which is present in A. taprobanis. The vesica of the new species bears a narrower medial cluster of weaker granulation but two clusters of numerous short spine-like cornuti whereas A. taprobanis has a row of four larger spine-like cornuti of different lengths dorsally and a large separated spine-like cornutus laterally. The female genitalia of A. cernyi sp. n. differ from those of A. taprobanis in the shorter and narrower lateral subostial postvaginal lobes, the laterally more heavily sclerotised posterior section of the corpus bursae, the larger ribbed band-like signum, and the presence of only one round signum (whereas thatof A. taprobanis bears two rounded signa). The differences between A. cernyi sp. n. and A. laszloi sp. n. are discussed in details below in the diagnosis of the latter species. Distribution. The new species is known from Nepal and Northeast India (Sikkim and north of West Bengal). Etymology. The new species is named after Dr Karel Černý (Innsbruck, Austria), expert in Asiatic Arctiinae and author´s friend.Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., 2021, Three new species of the genus Aemene Walker (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Himalayas, pp. 533-546 in Zootaxa 5068 (4) on pages 535-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/570958
Miltochrista dongi Huang & Volynkin 2021, sp. n.
No full textMiltochrista dongi Huang & Volynkin, sp. n. (Figs 4, 11) Type material. Holotype (Figs 4, 11): male, “ 3.V.2018, altitude 2100 m, Mt. Dawei, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, leg. Si-yao Huang & Tian-tian Yu” [in Chinese], prep. in glycerol by Huang (Coll. SCAU). Diagnosis. Miltochrista dongi sp. n. differs externally from its closest relative M. xihe sp. n. by its smaller size, the narrower forewing, the blackish abdomen (it is dark brown in M. xihe sp. n.), the crimson forewing ground color (it is pale red in M. xihe sp. n.), the presence of a wide blackish patch in the medial part of the forewing from the base to the subterminal area, and the blackish brown hindwing (it is dark brown in M. xihe sp. n.). The wing pattern of M. dongi sp. n. is also somewhat reminiscent of that of Ovipennis (Coccinigripennis) miloslavae (Černý, 2016) from southern Vietnam, but can be readily distinguished from the latter by its larger blackish patch which extends to the wing base (whereas it is not reaching the wing base in O. (C.) miloslavae) and the findamentally different male genitalia structure. The male genital capsule of M. dongi sp. n. is similar to that of M. xihe sp. n., but differs by the valva narrower medially and basally, the conspicuously narrower distal lobe of valva, and the slightly weaker distal saccular process. The aedeagus of the new species is slightly narrower and less elongated in comparison to the genital capsule of M. xihe sp. n. The vesica of M. dongi sp. n. differs clearly from that of M. xihe sp. n. by its narrower main chamber, the absence of spines on the ventral diverticulum, the smaller distal diverticulum bearing a smaller number of spines, and the markedly larger distal plate. Description. External morphology of adults. Forewing length 10 mm in holotype male. Male antenna ciliate, blackish. Legs blackish brown. Head and thorax crimson. Abdomen dark brown. Forewing blackish brown, edged with crimson, with blackish suffusion on veins in the subterminal and terminal areas; cilia crimson. Hindwing blackish brown including cilia. Male genitalia. Uncus long, thin, laterally flattened, curved subapically and apically pointed. Tuba analis moderately broad; scaphium thin, weakly sclerotized; subscaphium presented as setose field. Tegumen short, moderately broad and weakly sclerotized. Juxta shield-like with very deep lower triangular concavity. Valva elongated, narrow, its costal margin convex medially. Costa strongly broadened distally, lacks a distal process. Distal lobe of valva large, with apical moderately sclerotized triangular process. Sacculus with weakly setose dorsal margin. Distal saccular process narrow but robust, elongate, slightly S-like curved and apically blunt. Aedeagus elongated, straight. Vesica broad, with more or less globular main chamber; its ventral diverticulum small, heavily granulated; medial diverticulum broad, globular, bears a series of various-sized robust spines; distal diverticulum short, granulated, bears a cluster of several various-sized spines. Distal plate of vesica broadly triangular, moderately sclerotized. Female unknown. Distribution. The species is known from its type locality only, Mount Dawei in Yunnan Province of China. Etymology. The species is dedicated to Mr. Zhi-wei Dong (Kunming, China), a good friend of the second author who helped him during his trip to Mount Dawei.Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V. & Huang, Si-Yao, 2021, Three new peculiar species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), pp. 569-576 in Zootaxa 4970 (3) on page 571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/476688
Knowledge syntheses in medical education: Meta-research examining author gender, geographic location, and institutional affiliation
No full textIntroduction Authors of knowledge syntheses make many subjective decisions during their review process. Those decisions, which are guided in part by author characteristics, can impact the conduct and conclusions of knowledge syntheses, which assimilate much of the evidence base in medical education. To better understand the evidence base, this study describes the characteristics of knowledge synthesis authors, focusing on gender, geography, and institution. Methods In 2020, the authors conducted meta-research to examine authors of 963 knowledge syntheses published between 1999 and 2019 in 14 core medical education journals. Results The authors identified 4,110 manuscript authors across all authorship positions. On average there were 4.3 authors per knowledge synthesis (SD = 2.51, Median = 4, Range = 1–22); 79 knowledge syntheses (8%) were single-author publications. Over time, the average number of authors per synthesis increased (M = 1.80 in 1999; M = 5.34 in 2019). Knowledge syntheses were authored by slightly more females (n = 2047; 50.5%) than males (n = 2005; 49.5%) across all author positions. Authors listed affiliations in 58 countries, and 58 knowledge syntheses (6%) included authors from low- or middle-income countries. Authors from the United States (n = 366; 38%), Canada (n = 233; 24%), and the United Kingdom (n = 180; 19%) published the most knowledge syntheses. Authors listed affiliation at 617 unique institutions, and first authors represented 362 unique institutions with greatest representation from University of Toronto (n = 55, 6%). Across all authorship positions, the large majority of knowledge syntheses (n = 753; 78%) included authors from institutions ranked in the top 200 globally. Conclusion Knowledge synthesis author teams have grown over the past 20 years, and while there is near gender parity across all author positions, authorship has been dominated by North American researchers located at highly ranked institutions. This suggests a potential overrepresentation of certain authors with particular characteristics, which may impact the conduct and conclusions of medical education knowledge syntheses
Metabolites of Marine Sediment-Derived Fungi: Actual Trends of Biological Activity Studies
No full textMarine sediments are characterized by intense degradation of sedimenting organic matter in the water column and near surface sediments, combined with characteristically low temperatures and elevated pressures. Fungi are less represented in the microbial communities of sediments than bacteria and archaea and their relationships are competitive. This results in wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived fungi both for environmental adaptation and for interspecies interactions. Earlier marine fungal metabolites were investigated mainly for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, but now also as anticancer and cytoprotective drug candidates. This review aims to describe low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of marine sediment-derived fungi in the context of their biological activity and covers research articles published between January 2016 and November 2020
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