18 research outputs found
Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity
No full textHairmansis A, Yullianida, Supartopo, Jamil A, Suwarno. 2017. Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity. Biodiversitas 18: 1122-1129. Plantation areas have a great potential to be utilized for upland rice production through intercropping. One of major constraints in the cultivation of upland rice as intercropping is low light intensity caused by shading. Improvement of rice varieties for shading tolerance is therefore important to increase rice production in upland areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the variability of upland rice genotypes responses to shading and identify the best genotypes for intercropping rice cultivation. Thirty-eight upland rice breeding lines, the shading tolerant rice variety Jatiluhur, and the shading susceptible rice variety IR64 were evaluated for their response to low light intensity in the greenhouse and the field. Greenhouse screening was conducted to determine their shading tolerance in vegetative stage while evaluation in the field was performed to evaluate their agronomic performance under 55% shading and normal conditions. Variation in upland rice genotypes on low light stress was revealed both in greenhouse and field trials. In the greenhouse trial, 12 genotypes showed higher survival rate compared to tolerant rice variety Jatiluhur. Field evaluation demonstrated that 55% shading increased plant height, reduced productive tiller number, delayed flowering time, increased spikelet sterility and reduced grain yield. Upland rice breeding line B11908F-TB-3-WN-1 showed high yield relative in shading condition compared to normal condition and had high-stress tolerance index (STI) which indicated the genotype was tolerant to shading.</jats:p
Effects of Antioxidants as Prestorage Seed Invigoration Treatments on Storability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds
Get PDFOilly seeds, such as those of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), have short storability (3-4 months in room condition) due to oxidative stress during storage. The objective of this research was to determine whether prestorage seed invigoration by antioxidants, could improve storability of sunflower seeds. The research was performed using fresh harvested seeds. Prestorage seed invigorations were conducted by matriconditioning with water or antioxidants solution i.e. 4.17% curcumin or 100 and 150 ppm ascorbic acid. The seeds were stored for four months at room condition (28-29 oC and 62-79% relative humidity). Observations were conducted monthly. Experiment was arranged in split plot design. The result showed that all prestorage seed invigoration treatments were not effective to enhance storability of sunflower seeds compared to control. Inefficiency exogenous antioxidants was probably due to highly endogenous antioxidants activity during storage. This was indicated by the slow deterioration rate of control seeds, or due to high concentration of curcumin which was actually potential to enhance storability of sunflower seeds. It is suggested that presowing treatment and midstorage treatment will enhance storability of sunflower seeds.Bac
Pengaruh Antioksidan sebagai Perlakuan Invigorasi Benih Sebelum Simpan terhadap Daya Simpan Benih Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.)
No full textOilly seeds, such as those of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), have short storability (3-4 months in room condition) due to oxidative stress during storage. The objective of this research was to determine whether prestorage seed invigoration by antioxidants, could improve storability of sunflower seeds. The research was performed using fresh harvested seeds. Prestorage seed invigorations were conducted by matriconditioning with water or antioxidants solution i.e. 4.17% curcumin or 100 and 150 ppm ascorbic acid. The seeds were stored for four months at room condition (28-29 °C and 62-79% relative humidity). Observations were conducted monthly. Experiment was arranged in split plot design. The result showed that all prestorage seed invigoration treatments were not effective to enhance storability of sunflower seeds compared to control. Inefficiency exogenous antioxidants was probably due to highly endogenous antioxidants activity during storage. This was indicated by the slow deterioration rate of control seeds, or due to high concentration of curcumin which was actually potential to enhance storability of sunflower seeds. It is suggested that presowing treatment and midstorage treatment will enhance storability of sunflower seeds
Uji Cepat Toleransi Tanaman Padi terhadap Cekaman Rendaman pada Fase Vegetatif
Get PDFThe major constraint of rice cultivation in the flood-prone area is the lack of tolerant varieties. A rapid screening method have to be developed under controlled environments, such as a green house, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the selection under submergence condition. The aim of this research was to study the correlation beetween selection methods in greenhouse and in the field. This experiment was conducted at a green house of Muara Experimental Station, Bogor in 2011/2012. The experimental designs used were randomized complete design for greenhouse experiment and randomized complete block design for field experiment, with three replicates respectively. There were four sub-experiments in the greenhouse experiment, grouped based on seedling age (10 days and 35 days after seeding) and duration of submergence (10 days and 14 days). Those sub-experiments in the green house were compared with the experiment in the field. The results showed that there was strong correlation between recovery percentage in the green house and percentage recovery in the field. The same correlation indeed happen between recovery percentage in the green house to grain yield. Complete submergence at 10-day-old seedlings in green house could be developed as rapid selection method for submergence tolerant rice.Keywords: aciotic stress, correlation, flooding, Oryza sativ
Development of Shading Tolerant Rice Varieties Suitable for Intercropping Cultivation in Agroforestry Systems
No full textThe Indonesian government continuously strives to increase rice production in an effort to meet the staple food needs of almost 270 million people and to turn Indonesia to become a rice exporter country. One of the strategic efforts is to expand the planted area of rice outside irrigated rice areas. Upland is one of the potential areas that continues to be developed to support the increase of national rice production. While upland is not an ideal ecosystem for rice plants to grow, the opportunity to produce rice in this ecosystem is promising, especially using rice as an intercropping in plantation. This effort requires the availability of adaptive varieties to low light intensity conditions. The breeding program to develop shade-tolerant rice varieties has been carried out by the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) through the conventional breeding program. Breeding populations were produced by crossing local varieties, national leading varieties and introduced varieties. The selection of shading adaptive lines was carried out using both artificial shading and natural shading in the target plantation areas. New shade tolerant rice varieties have been recently released, namely Rindang 1 Agritan and Rindang 2 Agritan which have the potential to be utilized by farmers for intercropping rice cultivation in the agroforestry systems
KAJIAN VARIABILITAS GALUR-GALUR PADI GOGO PADA LAHAN KERING MASAM
Get PDF[VARIABILITY STUDIES OF UPLAND RICE LINES ON AN ACIDIC SOIL]. Suscessful upland rice breeding program to produce productive and adaptive to acid soil is dependent upon the extent of genetic variability of the breeding materials. Objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic coeficient of variations, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation of five traits observed from dari 298 upland rice lines and five checks varieties. A field field experiment arranged in an augmented design was conducted at the Tamanbogo Experimental Station in Lampung 1 MT 2019.. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was diversity among lines, resulting in differences in appearance on plant height, number of productive tillers, and yields. High heritability, genetic advancement, and high correlation on the number of productive tiller indicate that this character is a selection criteria so that selection can be done in an effort to improve these character
Effects of Antioxidants as Prestorage Seed Invigoration Treatments on Storability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds
Get PDFOilly seeds, such as those of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), have short storability (3-4 months in room condition) due to oxidative stress during storage. The objective of this research was to determine whether prestorage seed invigoration by antioxidants, could improve storability of sunflower seeds. The research was performed using fresh harvested seeds. Prestorage seed invigorations were conducted by matriconditioning with water or antioxidants solution i.e. 4.17% curcumin or 100 and 150 ppm ascorbic acid. The seeds were stored for four months at room condition (28-29 oC and 62-79% relative humidity). Observations were conducted monthly. Experiment was arranged in split plot design. The result showed that all prestorage seed invigoration treatments were not effective to enhance storability of sunflower seeds compared to control. Inefficiency exogenous antioxidants was probably due to highly endogenous antioxidants activity during storage. This was indicated by the slow deterioration rate of control seeds, or due to high concentration of curcumin which was actually potential to enhance storability of sunflower seeds. It is suggested that presowing treatment and midstorage treatment will enhance storability of sunflower seeds
Uji Cepat Toleransi Genotipe Padi Gogo terhadap Cekaman Alumunium (Al) pada Fase Perkecambahan
Get PDFMetode uji cepat toleransi terhadap cekaman Alumunium (Al) pada awal pertumbuhan penting untuk menyeleksi genotipe padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan metode terbaik dan skrining genotipe padi gogo terhadap cekaman Al pada fase perkecambahan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dan di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Muara, Bogor, pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2016. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua percobaan (1) Identifikasi metode terbaik untuk uji cepat toleransi cekaman Al, dan (2) evaluasi metode terbaik. Analisis ragam gabungan digunakan pada Percobaan 1 dengan metode sebagai faktor tersarang. Rancangan split plot dengan empat konsentrasi Al sebagai petak utama, tiga genotipe padi sebagai anak petak, beserta tiga ulangan digunakan pada Percobaan 1. Pada Percobaan 2.56 genotipe padi diuji tingkat toleransinya terhadap cekaman Al dengan metode terbaik yang terpilih dan metode Uji Cepat dalam larutan hara Yoshida (UCY). Rancangan augmented dengan delapan blok dan tiga cek digunakan untuk masing-masing metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode Uji di Permukaan Larutan (UPL) dengan konsentrasi Al 20 ppm merupakan metode terbaik. Pada metode UPL, relatif daya berkecambah dan panjang akar pada 10 HST berkorelasi (r2 = 0,067 dan 0,078) dengan metode UCY. Beberapa genotipe padi gogo diidentifikasi toleran cekaman Al 20 ppm pada fase perkecambahan
