HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Repellent Ability of Encapsulated Guava Leaves Extract and Horticultural Mineral Oil (HMO) on the Feeding Behaviour of Diaphorina citri
No full textRepellency is one of strategies to reduce Diaphorina citri attack. Guava leaf extract (GLE) and horticultural mineral oil (HMO) are well-known as repellents against D. citri but have short persistence. This research was conducted to increase the persistence of GLE and HMO extracts by using simultaneous co-delivery as part of environmentally friendly control of D. citri. The treatments used were 5% GLE, 5% HMO, 5% GLE + 5% HMO, 5% encapsulated GLE, 5% encapsulated HMO, 5% encapsulated GLE + 5% encapsulated HMO, and aquadest as control. The result shows that 5% HMO, 5% GLE + 5% HMO, and 5% encapsulated GLE have a repellency effect on D. citri. In the non-encapsulated treatments, the percentage of D. citri stayed at treated citrus leaves increased significantly at 9 and 12 hours after application except 5% GLE + 5% HMO. Exposure to 5% GLE, 5% HMO, and 5% encapsulated GLE. The most dominant of GLE compounds was lactose and d-Glycero-l-gluco-heptose. The most dominant of HMO compounds were 17-Pentatriacontene, Tetrapentacontane 1,54-dibromo- and tert-Hexadecanethiol. Encapsulation of 5% GLE can increase the persistence of GLE as a repellent compound for D. citri, but this effect does not occur in HMOs
Hepatoprotection and Immunomodulation of Natural Killer and CD8 T Cells by Meniran-Turmeric Extract Combination in Mice Injected with 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a] Anthracene
No full textCombination herbal or polyherbal offers advantages by synergizing multiple plants to address health issues more effectively. Meniran and turmeric are traditionally used medicinal plants with notable pharmacological activities due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigated the curative effect of a meniran-turmeric extract combination on immunocompetent cells, particularly NK and CD8 cells, and on liver histopathology in mice administered 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Female BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were injected subcutaneously with DMBA at 45 mg/kg body weight (BW) in the mammary gland area and maintained for eight weeks. They were then treated with a 1:1 meniran-turmeric extract combination for two weeks at doses of 100, 300, 900, and 1,800 mg/kg BW, followed by liver and immune cell analyses. The results showed a lower CD8+ T-cell population in extract-treated groups (17.53±1.13%-19.79±1.51%) compared with the DMBA group (20.92±4.74%). Conversely, NK+ cell populations increased after extract treatment (0.33±0.01%-0.56±0.13%) compared with DMBA alone (0.27±0.02%). Liver histopathology indicated that extract combination administration did not cause more severe damage than that observed in the DMBA group. An extract combination of meniran and turmeric could modulate the immune system, particularly NK and CD8 cells, in mice injected with DMBA. In addition, the study indicated that the combination of meniran and turmeric extract might play a role as an antihepatotoxic agent. This research could serve as a consideration for future studies developing a combination formulation of meniran and turmeric
Effects of Physalis angulata Leaf Extract on Female Reproductive Organs Following Busulfan Injection in Rats
No full textPhysalis angulata L. (ciplukan) is traditionally used as an herbal remedy with anticancer and antioxidant properties. At the same time, busulfan, a chemotherapy alkylating agent, causes gonadotoxicity and oxidative stress that impair female reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of P. angulata on reproductive function after busulfan administration in female rats. Twenty-five 6-week-old female rats were randomly divided into: Group I (control), Group II (busulfan only), Group III (P. angulata only), Group IV (busulfan followed by P. angulata after 14 days), and Group V (busulfan and P. angulata administered for 28 days). FSHR and LHR expression in the ovaries and MDA levels in the ovaries and uterus were measured to assess reproductive changes. Busulfan showed no significant effect on FSHR and LHR, whereas P. angulata induced downregulation, suggesting a potential negative feedback mechanism on ovarian receptors. Ovarian MDA showed a decreasing trend with combined treatments, while uterine MDA peaked after busulfan but declined markedly with P. angulata, indicating its role in alleviating oxidative stress. In conclusion, P. angulata may modulate hormonal balance in rat ovaries and decrease oxidative stress in the uterus after busulfan treatment
Anti-Aging and Antioxidant Activities of Clitoria ternatea L. Flower Extract
No full textAging is influenced by several factors, including Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). An imbalance of higher ROS and lower antioxidants may lead to oxidative stress in cells that is manifested as wrinkles, dark spots, and fine lines. Antioxidants can prevent the effects of ROS. Safe and abundant sources of antioxidants can come from natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients widely studied is Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CFE). This study aims to report the CFE potential as an anti-aging and antioxidant agent. Gallic acid and quercetin standards were used to measure the total flavonoid and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl (OH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging, while anti-aging activity was evaluated by collagenase and elastase inhibition tests. CFE showed high phenol and flavonoid content (14.49 μg GAE/mg and 9.00 μg QE/mg). CFE also has OH and NO scavenging activity with IC50 18.39 and 31.11 μg/mL, which exhibited antioxidant potential. CFE also showed potential to inhibit collagenase (IC50 = 177.48 μg/mL) and inhibit elastase (IC50 = 30.88 μg/mL). CFE may serve as a promising candidate with antioxidant and anti-aging properties
Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Octopus cyanea: Connectivity and Population Structure in Northern Waters of Sumatra
No full textOctopus cyanea is an ecologically and economically important cephalopod with wide larval dispersal influenced by ocean currents. However, geographic isolation among island clusters in northern Sumatra may restrict gene flow and shape population structure. This study investigated the genetic diversity and connectivity of O. cyanea from five populations (Aceh Island, Weh Island, Banyak Island, Simeulue Island, and Nias Island) using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. A total of 21 individuals were successfully amplified, yielding 651 bp fragments. Sequence analysis revealed 11 haplotypes across populations, with haplotype diversity (Hd) ranging from 0.285 in Banyak Island to 0.800 in Aceh Island, and nucleotide diversity (π) between 0.001 and 0.009. Pairwise genetic distances varied from 0.000 to 0.004, with the highest divergence observed between Simeulue Island and Nias Island (0.004), while Aceh Island and Weh Island showed no differentiation. AMOVA indicated that most genetic variation occurred within populations (68.74%), with an overall Fst of 0.315, suggesting low to moderate genetic structuring. The haplotype network demonstrated shared haplotypes among four populations, whereas Simeulue Island harbored unique haplotypes, indicating partial genetic isolation. These results highlight substantial genetic connectivity among O. cyanea populations in northern Sumatra, facilitated by larval dispersal via ocean currents, but also emphasize localized divergence in Simeulue Island. The findings provide critical baseline data for developing ecosystem-based fisheries management, supporting shared stock strategies while accounting for population-specific conservation needs
Detection of the PR5 Gene Associated with Downy Mildew Resistance and Genetic Diversity Analysis of S2 Lines of Local Maize (Zea mays L.) From South Sulawesi Using SSR Markers
No full textA significant decline in corn production is often associated with downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis), while maize varieties with genetic resistance to this disease are still relatively limited. A molecular-based approach is needed, such as Phatogenesis Related (PR5) gene detection, to identify maize genotypes that are potentially resistant to downy mildew. This study aims to identify the presence of the PR5 gene and analyze genetic diversity in local maize from South Sulawesi, Srikandi kuning (national variety), and Carotenoid sync 3 from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) to support the acceleration of downy mildew-resistant plant breeding programs. PR5 gene detection was carried out by extracting RNA according to the Total RNA Mini Kit Plant (Geneaid) procedure followed by PCR techniques with specific primers. Genetic diversity analysis was carried out using 15 polymorphic SSR primers. DNA amplification showed that 23 individuals were detected as containing the PR-5 gene from 30 samples tested based on the results of agarose gel electrophoresis. The PIC value obtained from the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers showed a high level of genetic diversity ranging from 0.64 to 0.93 with an average of 0.85. The genetic similarity matrix was calculated and analyzed using the UPGMA method using NTSYS version 2.2, producing a dendrogram with two main clusters. Cluster I has only one individual with a large genetic distance, while Cluster II is divided into two subclusters, IIA and IIB, reflecting the genetic closeness of most individuals. Individuals with PR5 genes and high genetic diversity were identified as potential candidates for use in a superior maize breeding program resistant to downy mildew disease
Assessment of Macrobenthos Assemblages Along the Seabed Characteristic in the Cempi Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Study in the Dry Season
No full textThe ecosystem in Cempi Bay, Indonesia, is known for its diverse coastal ecosystems. Gathering baseline data to understand the habitat and its fauna is essential. The study aims to update macrobenthos data and identify natural patterns across sediment gradients, specifically in the dry season. Cempi Bay has three distinct areas: the lower reach (open sea), the middle reach (mixing water), and the upper reach (influenced by freshwater). The most dominant classes in the macrobenthic assemblages were Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Polychaeta, especially in the lower and middle reaches with sand and silty sand seabed textures. However, the upper reach area with sandy silt textures showed a different pattern of macrobenthic assemblages, with fewer classes, leaving only Gastropoda and Bivalvia. The feeding habits of macrobenthos also varied, with carnivores, deposit feeders, and suspension feeders dominating the lower and middle reach areas. It is important to continue monitoring macrobenthos to understand if these patterns are natural or caused by environmental changes
The Potential of Fucoxanthin from Sargassum polycystum: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Photoprotective Properties
No full textSargassum is a genus of seaweed that is known to contain fucoxanthin. The increasing incidence of health issues related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), free radicals, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation has prompted the exploration of natural compounds as alternative sources of pharmaceutical agents. Fucoxanthin possesses the ability to protect cells from oxidative damage and offers a wide range of health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fucoxanthin derived from Sargassum polycystum as an antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and photoprotective (sunscreen) agent. The research methods included the extraction and isolation of fucoxanthin using Open Column Chromatography (OCC), phytochemical screening, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), antibacterial and antifungal assays, antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH method, and determination of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The results showed that the extract of Sargassum polycystum contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. The fucoxanthin fraction was successfully isolated, characterized by a distinct absorption peak at 447.5 nm and a retention factor (Rf) value of 0.93. The fucoxanthin fraction showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, as well as antifungal activity against Trichoderma sp. and Candida albicans. The antioxidant activity of the fucoxanthin fraction was categorized as strong, with an IC50 value of 67 ppm. Its photoprotective ability was classified as maximal, with a Sun Protection Factor value of 13.71. The fucoxanthin fraction derived from Sargassum polycystum exhibits promising potential as an antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and photoprotective agent, and may serve as a valuable natural resource in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications
The Effect of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Leaf Extract Cream on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Levels and Collagen Amount in the Skin of Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Ultraviolet B
No full textUltraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a major cause of skin aging, leading to collagen degradation and wrinkles due to free radical damage. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) has antioxidant properties that may counteract this by preserving Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), essential for collagen synthesis. This study evaluated the effects of stevia leaf extract cream on TGF-β1 and collagen levels in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: K0 (no UVB, no cream), K1 (base cream), P1 (2.5% stevia cream), P2 (5% stevia cream), and P3 (10% stevia cream). Groups K1, P1, P2, and P3 were exposed to a cumulative UVB exposure of 840 mJ/cm2 over four weeks. However, TGF-β1 levels measured by ELISA did not differ significantly among groups (p>0.05). However, collagen levels, assessed using Picro Sirius Red staining, varied significantly (p<0.05). The K1 exhibited significantly lower collagen compared to K0 (p=0.003), whereas the P2 group effectively prevented collagen degradation compared to K1 (K1: 65.87% vs. P2: 77.92%; p = 0.005). While stevia leaf extract cream did not prevent TGF-β1 reduction, it demonstrated a clear protective effect against UVB-induced collagen loss. Among the tested concentrations, 5% stevia leaf extract cream was the most effective in preserving dermal Collagen, highlighting its potential as a topical agent for preventing photoaging and maintaining skin structural integrity
Genome-Scale Screening, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Grain Amaranth Small Auxin-Up RNA Gene Family in Response to Drought Stress
No full textThe Small Auxin-Up RNA (SAUR) gene family represents a class of early auxin-responsive genes that are widely involved in regulating plant cell elongation, tissue differentiation, and environmental adaptation. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the SAUR gene family in grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus), a nutrient-rich pseudocereal. A total of 80 SAUR genes were identified based on the conserved PF02519 domain and were systematically characterized in terms of protein properties, gene structure, and phylogenetic relationships. Most SAUR genes in grain amaranth encode small, basic, and hydrophilic proteins, and gene structure analysis revealed that the majority are intronless. Phylogenetic analysis grouped AhSAURs into ten clades alongside Arabidopsis SAURs. Transcriptomic profiling across seven tissues and drought-treated samples showed that although many SAUR genes had low or no expression, several genes, including AhSAUR76, AhSAUR71, AhSAUR65, AhSAUR54, and AhSAUR73, were highly expressed in a tissue-preferential manner and showed responsiveness to drought. These findings highlight the potential regulatory roles of selected SAUR genes in growth and stress adaptation, offering a valuable resource for future genetic and functional studies aimed at enhancing agronomic traits in grain amaranth