16 research outputs found
Chas. Godfrey Leland
No full textTitle from unverified information on negative sleeve.Famous poet and author. Article Legend of "Bernadus," in Illustrated News, Jan., 1853 by Leland.Forms part of Brady-Handy Photograph Collection (Library of Congress)
A Parody of Psalm 8 in Job 7:17-19
Get PDFThe book of Job presents us with a shocking story of a righteous man. He does everything what the Law says. Yet, he suffers. He looks for the answer of his suffering and finds nothing satisfactory. Uniquely, in chapter 7, the protagonist laments. The form of his lamentation somehow reminds its readers a poem similar to Psalm 8. However, there is a big contrast. Psalm 8 is a joyful hymn. Psalm 8 expresses mans confidence in Gods faithful love. Yet, Job 7 contains a distress of man who experiences God as a cruel watchman. He feels that his life is completely under Gods surveillance that makes him suffocated. Based on its literary genre, Job 7 is considered as a parody. Parody works by adapting a previously popular literary work into a new one, but with different intentions. In this paper, the intention of Jobs author is going to be examined. Through the short analysis of its literary form, what can be found is that the author of Job 7 purposefully conveys a sharp criticism to the general notion of the Wisdom Tradition of that era. The Wisdom Tradition emphasizes much on the faith in God based on the relation between punishment and reward. This emphasis has reduced the complexity of human suffering
FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN BIOTIK DALAM KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG, BANTEN, INDONESIA
No full textLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira . Leptospirosis is a public health problem throughout the world, including in Indonesia. The case of leptospirosis in Tangerang District in 2015 was increased the most cases located in the area of Puskesmas Kronjo . Environmental factors affect the spread of leptospirosis disease one of the biotic factors. The aim of the study to analyze the relationship of biotic environmental factors to the incidence of leptospirosis in Tangerang Regency. The research was conducted by cross sectional with location observation approach, and observation by questionnaire of biotic environment of resident's house. The number of house samples for biotic environmental inspection were 35 houses.The data collected includes the presence of pets at home, and plants around the house. Data on the success of rat catching was done by catching rat at the site. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariate analysis. The results showed that vegetation (OR = 1,103, 95% CI = 0,987-1,234, p = 0,579) and pets (OR = 0,567; 95% CI = 0,47-6,895; p = 0,653) were statistically unrelated to the incidence of leptospirosis. The high trap success at the study site may be a potential risk for leptospirosis events.
 
Pemetaan Daerah Penyebaran Kasus Rabies Dengan Metode Gis (Geographical Informasion System) Di Kabupaten Sikka Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Get PDF.Rabies has become an important public health concern in countries in Asia and Afrika. Rabies isstill problem for world health including Indonesia.Rabies in Indonesia to be series problem healthcommunity because always almost fatal after symptom clinical of a disease with level death untill100%. Provinsi East Nusa Tenggara quantity case from the bite of a mad dog is 16.000 case oneyear. The aim of this research is to analyze the epidemiological spatial pattern of rabies in Sikkadistrict in 2010 using Geographical Information System (GIS) in case mapping the distribute areato be as information in planning prevention and eliminasi rabies Sikka district. Tipe of research iscross sectional using Geographical Information Sistem approach which is able to visualize,excess, sort, and the data spatial. The population is the whole cases of rabies in register of district health office and register community health centers at Sikka district. Sample is the wholefill the conditioan was 135 rabies patient. The analysis of the spatial pattern showed stratificationspreading rabies case can be devided in 3 cluster. Centers dot cluster I in coordinate 8,622296 LS122,215432 BT with radius 1,48 Km. Quantity dot case 58 (42,96%). Centres dot cluster II incoordinate 8,699204 LS 122,31267313 with radius 13,25 Km.Quantity dot case 41 (30,37%) andcenters dot cluster III in coordinate 8,681881 LS 122,167690 BT. Quantitydot case 36 (26,66% ).Specification cluster used Satcan v7.0.2 witth analysis space time permutation. Radius of casewith community health centers to have been divided in 3 zone buffer. Zone buffer 1. The distance2 Km subdistrict Alok, zone buffer 2 the distance 4 Km subdistrict Kewapante also Nita and zonebuffer 3 the distance 8 Km subdistrict Kangae
Altitudinal Patterns of Insect Pest and Natural Enemy Diversity in Tidore Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.): A Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol
No full textBackground and rationale:
Altitude is a key environmental gradient influencing insect pest diversity and natural enemy communities in agricultural ecosystems. Tidore chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), widely cultivated across different elevation zones on Tidore Island, provides an important model for understanding elevation-related ecological dynamics. However, existing studies are fragmented across regions and systems. A systematic synthesis is necessary to identify general patterns and ecological mechanisms affecting pest and natural enemy diversity along altitudinal gradients, particularly in tropical island agroecosystems.
Objectives:
This systematic review aims to synthesize published ecological evidence on how altitude influences insect pest diversity, natural enemy communities, and pest–natural enemy interactions in chili pepper agroecosystems.
Primary research question:
How does altitude affect insect pest diversity in chili pepper agroecosystems?
Secondary questions:
1. How do natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) respond to altitudinal gradients?
2. How do pest–natural enemy interactions vary across elevation zones?
3. What ecological mechanisms explain elevation-related diversity patterns?
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
• Studies reporting ecological field data on insect pests and/or natural enemies
• Studies conducted in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. or Capsicum spp.) or comparable crops
• Studies examining elevation or altitude gradients
• Studies reporting diversity metrics (abundance, richness, diversity indices)
• Studies conducted in tropical or subtropical agroecosystems
• Peer-reviewed journal articles
Exclusion criteria:
• Studies without primary ecological data
• Studies lacking clear sampling or identification methods
• Molecular-only studies without ecological interpretation
• Non-insect organisms
• Duplicate publications
• Unavailable full text
Search strategy:
Literature searches will be conducted using the following databases:
• Scopus
• Web of Science
• ScienceDirect
• DOAJ
• Google Scholar
• SINTA-indexed journals
• Institutional repositories
Search keywords will include combinations of:
“Capsicum frutescens”, “Tidore chili pepper”, “Capsicum spp.”,
“insect pest”, “insect diversity”,
“natural enemies”, “predators”, “parasitoids”,
“altitude”, “elevation gradient”,
“agroecosystem”, “tropical agriculture”.
Boolean operators (AND, OR) will be used.
Study selection process:
Study selection will follow PRISMA 2020 guidelines:
1. Identification
2. Screening (title and abstract)
3. Eligibility (full-text review)
4. Inclusion
Data extraction:
Data extracted will include:
• Author and year
• Study location
• Elevation range
• Crop type
• Insect taxa
• Diversity indices
• Environmental variables
• Pest–natural enemy interactions
Quality assessment:
Study quality will be evaluated using modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria adapted for ecological research.
Data synthesis:
A qualitative narrative synthesis will be conducted. Studies will be grouped into elevation categories:
• Low elevation: 0–200 m asl
• Mid elevation: 200–400 m asl
• High elevation: 400–700 m asl
Meta-analysis will not be performed due to heterogeneity in study design and ecological metrics.
Timeline:
Protocol registration: 2026
Literature search: 2026
Screening and extraction: 2026
Manuscript preparation: 2026
Keywords:
Capsicum frutescens, Tidore chili pepper, insect pest, natural enemies, altitude, elevation gradient, agroecosystem, systematic revie
Altitudinal Patterns of Insect Pest and Natural Enemy Diversity in Tidore Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.): A Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol
No full textBackground and rationale:
Altitude is a key environmental gradient influencing insect pest diversity and natural enemy communities in agricultural ecosystems. Tidore chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), widely cultivated across different elevation zones on Tidore Island, provides an important model for understanding elevation-related ecological dynamics. However, existing studies are fragmented across regions and systems. A systematic synthesis is necessary to identify general patterns and ecological mechanisms affecting pest and natural enemy diversity along altitudinal gradients, particularly in tropical island agroecosystems.
Objectives:
This systematic review aims to synthesize published ecological evidence on how altitude influences insect pest diversity, natural enemy communities, and pest–natural enemy interactions in chili pepper agroecosystems.
Primary research question:
How does altitude affect insect pest diversity in chili pepper agroecosystems?
Secondary questions:
1. How do natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) respond to altitudinal gradients?
2. How do pest–natural enemy interactions vary across elevation zones?
3. What ecological mechanisms explain elevation-related diversity patterns?
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
• Studies reporting ecological field data on insect pests and/or natural enemies
• Studies conducted in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. or Capsicum spp.) or comparable crops
• Studies examining elevation or altitude gradients
• Studies reporting diversity metrics (abundance, richness, diversity indices)
• Studies conducted in tropical or subtropical agroecosystems
• Peer-reviewed journal articles
Exclusion criteria:
• Studies without primary ecological data
• Studies lacking clear sampling or identification methods
• Molecular-only studies without ecological interpretation
• Non-insect organisms
• Duplicate publications
• Unavailable full text
Search strategy:
Literature searches will be conducted using the following databases:
• Scopus
• Web of Science
• ScienceDirect
• DOAJ
• Google Scholar
• SINTA-indexed journals
• Institutional repositories
Search keywords will include combinations of:
“Capsicum frutescens”, “Tidore chili pepper”, “Capsicum spp.”,
“insect pest”, “insect diversity”,
“natural enemies”, “predators”, “parasitoids”,
“altitude”, “elevation gradient”,
“agroecosystem”, “tropical agriculture”.
Boolean operators (AND, OR) will be used.
Study selection process:
Study selection will follow PRISMA 2020 guidelines:
1. Identification
2. Screening (title and abstract)
3. Eligibility (full-text review)
4. Inclusion
Data extraction:
Data extracted will include:
• Author and year
• Study location
• Elevation range
• Crop type
• Insect taxa
• Diversity indices
• Environmental variables
• Pest–natural enemy interactions
Quality assessment:
Study quality will be evaluated using modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria adapted for ecological research.
Data synthesis:
A qualitative narrative synthesis will be conducted. Studies will be grouped into elevation categories:
• Low elevation: 0–200 m asl
• Mid elevation: 200–400 m asl
• High elevation: 400–700 m asl
Meta-analysis will not be performed due to heterogeneity in study design and ecological metrics.
Timeline:
Protocol registration: 2026
Literature search: 2026
Screening and extraction: 2026
Manuscript preparation: 2026
Keywords:
Capsicum frutescens, Tidore chili pepper, insect pest, natural enemies, altitude, elevation gradient, agroecosystem, systematic revie
Leptospirosis pada Tikus Endemis Sulawesi (Rodentia: Muridae) dan Potensi Penularannya Antar Tikus dari Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFLeptospirosis is zoonotic disease which caused by pathogenic Leptospira bacteria and potentially causing death in human. Rat, as main reservoir of Leptospira, had been most studied in urban or rural areas around the settlement of community. In contrast, leptospirosis studies in endemic rat were still limited. This study was aimed to identify endemic rat species of Sulawesi as reservoir of Leptospira in some regencies of South Sulawesi Province namely Bulukumba, Pangkep and East Luwu. This study was a part of Rikhus Vektora in 2017 by using live traps to catch rats in six various ecosystem types each regency. All catched rats were identified morphologically and followed by examinations using Microscopic Agglutination Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction. The result showed various endemic rats such as Rattus marmosurus, Rattus hoffmanni, Bunomys chrysocomus, Bunomys andrewsi and Bunomys coelestis were infected with leptospirosis. This study also showed new record of some endemic rat species were infected with leptospirosis. It is important to rise awareness of leptospirosis transmission in the forest habitat by the endemic rats.
ABSTRAKLeptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis disebabkan bakteri Leptospira patogenik dan berpotensi menyebabkan kematian pada manusia. Tikus sebagai reservoir utama Leptospira kebanyakan diteliti di kawasan perkotaan atau pedesaan di sekitar permukiman. Sebaliknya, penelitian leptospirosis pada tikus endemis jumlahnya sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tikus endemis Sulawesi sebagai reservoir Leptospira di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Pangkep dan Luwu Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Rikhus Vektora tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan perangkap hidup untuk menangkap tikus di enam ekosistem berbeda pada tiap kabupaten. Seluruh tikus tertangkap diidentifikasi secara morfologis yang selanjutnya diuji Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasilnya diperoleh berbagai tikus endemis seperti Rattus marmosurus, Rattus hoffmanni, Bunomys chrysocomus, Bunomys andrewsi dan Bunomys coelestis terinfeksi leptospirosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan catatan baru beberapa jenis tikus endemis Sulawesi terinfeksi leptospirosis. Kondisi ini perlu diwaspadai karena terdapat potensi penularan leptospirosis di habitat hutan dari tikus endemis tersebut
DETEKSI VIRUS HEPATITIS E (HEV) DAN HANTAVIRUS PADA INANG RESERVOIR (TIKUS) DI KABUPATEN KLATEN DAN KENDAL, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
No full textRats are animal reservoirs and harbours of several zoonotic pathogens diseases in humans. At least, there are 68 viruses of zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by rats. Two common types of viruses attackinghumans are Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Hantavirus. Early detection of those viruses is fundamentally required in order to prevent disease transmissions to humans. The aim of the study was to detect and count the percentage of rats infected by HEV and Hantavirus in Kendal and Klaten Districts, Central Java Province. The research design used in this study was descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The target population was rats distributed in Klaten and Kendal Districts. In addition, the research subject was trapped rats. Detection of Hantavirus was carried out using ELISA method and detection of HEV was conducted using nested reverse transcription PCR (nested RT-PCR). A total of 73 rats was successfully captured consisting of 2 genus and 4 species e.g. Rattus novergicus, R. tanezumi, R. tiomanicus and Bandicota indica. The trapped rats infected by HEV were 3.7% and 41.3% for Klaten and Kendal, respectively. However, the seropositive of Hantavirus was only found in Kendal District (20.5%). Rat control is necessary to prevent transmission of HEV and Hantavirus
FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN BIOTIK DALAM KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG, BANTEN, INDONESIA
No full textLeptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira sp. Leptospirosis menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2015 mengalami peningkatan kasus di mana kasus terbanyak salah satunya di wilayah Puskesmas Kronjo. Faktor lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap penyebaran penyakit leptospirosis salah satunya faktor biotik. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan biotik terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian dilakukan secara cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasi lokasi, dan observasi secara kuisioner lingkungan biotik rumah penduduk. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi adanya keberadaan hewan peliharaan di rumah, dan tanaman di sekitar rumah. Data keberhasilan penangkapan tikus dilakukan dengan penangkapan tikus di lokasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriftif dan analisis bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tanaman (OR = 1,103; 95% CI= 0,987-1,234; p = 0,579) dan hewan peliharaan (OR = 0,567; 95% CI= 0,47-6,895; p = 0,653) bukan merupakan faktor resiko lingkungan biotik dalam kejadian luar biasa leptospirosis. Tingginya trap success di lokasi penelitian dapat merupakan resiko potensial untuk kejadian leptospirosi
INFEKSI HANTAVIRUS PADA TIKUS DOMESTIK, PERIDOMESTIK DAN SILVATIK DI PULAU SULAWESI
No full textHantavirus infection is one of zoonotic diseases as a major global threat for human health. Anthropologic, biologic, and cultural factors contribute in the transmission of the infection in Sulawesi. In Sulawesi, some communities have a tradition of eating rat meat. A total of 52 endemic rats species is found in the area. The objective of this study were to identify the species of rats acting as hantavirus reservoir and the percentage of hantavirus seropositive in domestic, peridomestic and silvatic rats in the area. The study was conducted in four provinces, namely Central (year of 2015), North and South East (2016) and South Sulawesi (2017). Three districts of each provinces were selected. The rats captured were identified, and blood sample from each was drawn. Hantavirus infection was identified by an Elisa. The data obtained were presented descriptively. A total of 1259 rats were captured, consisted of eight genus and 27 species, ten of which were seropositive, for hantavirus infection. Six out of ten seropositive rats were record as new record of hantavirus reservoir, namely B. coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, and R. hoffmanni. The highest percentage of seropositive Hantavirus was found in peridomestic rats (5.06), while in silvic rats 4.60 and domestic rats 3.46. It is necessary to do hygiene and sanitation campaign and socialization of risks for hantavirus transmission.
Abstrak
Infeksi hantavirus adalah zoonosis yang telah menjadi ancaman kesehatan global dengan tikus sebagai reservoir utama zoonosis ini. Secara biologi dan antropologi penularan hantavirus rentan terjadi di Pulau Sulawesi karena di pulau ini mempunyai 52 spesies tikus endemik dan sebagian kecil masyarakat di Sulawesi mempunyai kebiasaan mengonsumsi daging tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies tikus yang berperan sebagai reservoir hantavirus dan menghitung persentase seropositif hantavirus pada tikus domestik, peridomestik dan silvatik di Pulau Sulawesi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, tahun 2016 di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan Sulawesi Tenggara, serta tahun 2017 di Sulawesi Selatan. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan di tiga kabupaten pada setiap provinsi. Tikus tertangkap diidentifikasi dan diambil spesimen darahnya. Pemeriksaan serologi dengan menggunakan teknik Elisa. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus tertangkap sebanyak 1.259 ekor yang terdiri dari delapan genus dan 27 spesies. Sepuluh spesies seropositif terhadap hantavirus, enam diantaranya merupakan catatan baru sebagai reservoir hantavirus. Keenam spesies tersebut adalah Bunomys coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, dan R. hoffmanni. Persentase tikus seropositif terhadap hantavirus tertinggi ditemukan pada tikus peridomestik (5,06), sedangkan pada tikus silvatik 4,60 dan tikus domestik 3,46. Perlu dilakukan kampanye peningkatan sanitasi serta sosialisasi ke masyarakat terkait risiko penularan hantavirus
