126,387 research outputs found
Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. and R. pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., two new species from southern China
No full textYuan, Fa, Song, Yu, Buyck, Bart, Li, Jingwei, Qiu, Lihong (2019): Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. and R. pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., two new species from southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4): 45-56, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a
Motivations and strategies for a real revaluation of the Yuan.
Full text linkMost Western economists and policymakers agree that the Yuan is significantly undervalued and push for its quick nominal revaluation. This paper defends that many domestic and foreign factors could be responsible for the Yuan’s undervaluation, and the People’s bank of China (PBC) cannot optimally invest growing foreign exchange reserves. It provides a theoretical framework to discuss the optimal strategy associating a gradual nominal revaluation of the Yuan with higher inflation, and structural and macroeconomic policies to bring the real exchange rate to its equilibrium level. This strategy allows absorbing external imbalances while laying down the foundation for China’s long-term growth.Real revaluation; Yuan; Renminbi (RMB); foreign exchange reserves; external imbalance; macroeconomic adjustment measures.
Motivations and strategies for a real revaluation of the Yuan
Full text linkMost Western economists and policy makers agree that the Yuan is significantly undervalued and push the Chinese government for a large nominal revaluation of the Yuan. This paper, while surveying recent research on Chinese exchange rate policy, gives some new insights into this issue. Notably, this paper defends that China is not solely responsible for the Yuan’s undervaluation, the Chinese central bank cannot optimally invest an increasing amount of foreign currency reserves, and the Yuan’s nominal revaluation is not the only way to resolve the problem. After having analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of a nominal versus a real revaluation of the Yuan for the Chinese economy, I advocate and analyze, besides a modest nominal revaluation, a multitude of alternative policies to achieve a complete revaluation of the Yuan in real terms, which allows absorbing external disequilibrium while laying down the foundation for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy.Renminbi (RMB), revaluation of the Yuan, foreign exchange reserves, external disequilibrium, measures of macroeconomic adjustment.
PENERAPAN TARGET COSTING PADA PERUSAHAAN KONVEKSI YUAN F COLLECTION YOGYAKARTA
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan target costing dalam menekan biaya
produksi dengan studi kasus pada perusahaan konveksi Yuan F Collection Yogyakarta.
Produk Yuan F Collection Yogyakarta yang diteliti adalah seragam futsal. Data yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibatasi data Yuan F Collection Yogyakarta bulan
April – Juni 2009.
Jenis penelitian dikategorikan sebagai penelitian studi kasus. Penelitian akan
dilakukan di Yuan F Collection Yogyakarta yang terletak di JI. KH. Agus Salim No.
52 Yogyakarta selama 1 bulan, yaitu pada bulan Juli 2009. Dalam penelitian ini data
primer diperoleh langsung dari sumbernya dengan dari melakukan wawancara kepada
pimpinan dan staf perusahaan. Data sekunder berupa dokumentasi pada bulan April –
Juni 2009 mengenai perhitungan biaya. Metode analisis data meliputi perhitungan
biaya produksi dan penerapan target costing.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa melalui penerapan metode target costing
perusahaan dapat menekan biaya produksi hingga Rp 37.600. Untuk dapat memenuhi
target costing tersebut, usulan perbaikan berupa penggantian kemasan kantong
plastik dengan yang lebih murah, biaya pemasaran ditetapkan per unit yang
dimasukkan dalam perhitungan markup serta biaya pengiriman barang dibebankan
pada konsumen sesuai dengan kuantitas dan jarak pengiriman. Berdasarkan
penerapan metode target costing perusahaan dapat menjual produk seragam futsal
dengan harga sebesar Rp 45.400,00 per unit
Yuan Real Exchange Rate Undervaluation, 1997-2006. How Much, How Often? Not Much, Not Often
Full text linkYuan real effective exchange rate misalignment is esitimated in a behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) model for the period 1997 to third quarter 2007. Using the Beveridge-Nelson decomposition a vector error correction model (VECM) of the exchange rate as a function of macroeconomic fundamentals, including government expenditures, economic openness, the balance of trade surplus, and net foreign assets, is estimated. We find that the Chinese Yuan has been fluctuating moderately around its long run equilibrium value with undervaluation up to 4% and overvaluation up to 6% at various points in time since 1997. This result is consistent with findings of many of the most recent studies employing alternative econometric methodologies to determine the equilibrium exchange rate. While the Yuan real effective exchange rate has deviated from equilibrium, and it is sticky, taking over five years to correct 50% of the short run misalignment, it does not appear to have been consistently undervalued as has been widely argued.Chinese Yuan, Exchange Rate, Misalignment, BEER, Behavioral, Cointegration, ARIMA, VECM, FGLS.
Il buddhismo di epoca Yuan
No full textSaggio dedicato alla ricostruzione del rapporto delle popolazioni turco-mongole presenti in Asia centrale tra X e XIII secolo con il buddhismo e al loro contributo alla assimilazione del buddhismo da parte mongola all'indomani della conquista di Chinggis Khan. Il saggio ricostruisce la temperie politico-culturale dei secoli della dinastia Yuan e mette in evidenza le radici premongole dei sistemi di relazione adottati dai sovrani Yuan con le diverse tradizioni del mondo buddhista presenti nei territori da loro governati. In questo contesto viene esaminata l'attività artistica promossa dai precettori imperiali e la negoziazione elaborata anche attraverso la produzione scultorea e architettonica per la promozione dell'ordine tibetano Sakyapa e la sua affermazione presso la corte Yuan
Russula pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Russula pseudocatillus</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. (Figs 4, 5) <p> SYSTEMATIC POSITION. — Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Russulales, Russulaceae, <i>Russula</i> subg. <i>Heterophyllidia</i> sect. <i>Ingratae</i>.</p> <p> HOLOTYPE. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghu Mountain, 14.IX.2016, <i>J.W. Li K16042406,</i> (holo-, GDGM [GDGM 75338]).</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. <i>—</i> Named for its resemblance to <i>R. catillus</i> in pileus morphology.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS. — <i>R. pseudocatillus</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. resembles <i>R. catillus</i> in overall pileus morphology, but it differs from the latter by its smaller basidiomata, presence of lamellula, much bigger basidiospores ornamented with higher warts never forming a reticulum, presence of dermatocystidia (pileocystidia and caulocystidia), smaller pleurocystidia and not gelatinized pileipellis.</p> <p>HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Gregarious in evergreen broadleaf forest.</p> <p> ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <b>China</b>. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghu Mountain, 7.VI.2015, <i>J. B. Zhang K15060706</i>.</p> DESCRIPTION <i>Basidiomata</i> <p>Small, agaricoid.</p> <i>Pileus</i> <p>2.5-4 cm in diam., plano-concave or applanate with a depressed center, some slightly decurrent, surface glabrous, slightly viscid when wet, very pale yellow (corn silk, #FFF8DC) at margin, with a pale greyish brown (tan, #D2B48C) center; margin slightly undulate, striate, rarely cracked.</p> <i>Lamellae</i> <p>Adnate, subequal, interveined, often forked near stipe, about 2 mm in height, very pale grayish yellow (beige, #F5F5DC), unchanging when bruised; edge entire, concolorous; lamellulae rather frequent, but not polydymous.</p> <i>Stipe</i> <p>2.5-4 × 0.6-1 cm, central, cylindrical, sometimes slightly tapering upwards, surface dry, slightly longitudinally rugulose, a pale greenish-grayish yellow (goldenrod, #EEE8AA) in the upper part, burlywood at the bottom, stuffed at first, becoming hollow when old.</p> <i>Context</i> <p>Off-white (ivory, #FFFFF0), unchanging when bruised.</p> <i>Odour</i> <p>Indistinct.</p> <i>Taste</i> <p>Mild.</p> <i>Spore print</i> <p>Very pale.</p> <i>Basidiospores</i> <p>Broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, [40/2/2] 7.0-7.9-8.6 (-9.2) × (5.1- (5.5-6.1-6.6 (-6.7) µm, Q = (1.19-) 1.22-1.32-1.42, hyaline in 5% KOH; ornamentations amyloid, composed of conical to cylindrical warts up to 1.2 µm, isolated, never forming a reticulum; suprahilar spot unamyloid.</p> <i>Basidia</i> <p>33-41.5 × 10.5-13 µm, 4-spored, rarely 2-spored, some containing oil droplets; sterigmata up to 8 µm long.</p> <i>Lamellar trama</i> <p>Composed of nested sphaerocytes surrounded by connective hyphae.</p> <i>Pleurocystidia</i> <p>32-37.5 × 9.5-11.5 µm, clavate to subcylindrical, rarely fusiform, with obtuse to truncate apices, thin-walled, with abundant refractive granular contents, negative in SV.</p> <i>Cheilocystidia</i> <p>33-47.5 × 9-12.5 µm, clavate, with mucronate to rostrate apex, thin-walled, some with refractive granular contents, unchanging in SV. Marginal cells not differentiated.</p> <i>Pileipellis</i> <p>Orthochromatic in cresyl blue, divided into two layers: suprapellis trichoderm, composed of ascending to erect hyphae; subpellis a cutis, composed of septate, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae; terminal cells clavate to cylindrical, with obtuse apices; subterminal cells cylindrical or slightly inflated.</p> <i>Pileocystidia</i> <p>Abundant, unchanging in SV, mostly 13-33 × 3-6 µm, onecelled, cylindrical, apex obtuse, with granular contents, also present in subpellis.</p> <i>Stipitipellis</i> <p>A cutis, orthochromatic in cresyl blue, composed of repent, thin-walled, septate hyphae up to 4.6 µm broad.</p> <i>Caulocystidia</i> <p>Frequent, clavate to cylindrical, 16-35 × 3-8 µm, with obtuse or rostrate apex, one-celled, with refractive contents, unchanging in SV.</p> <i>Stipe trama</i> <p>Composed of connective hyphae and nested sphaerocytes.</p> <i>Clamp connections</i> <p>Absent.</p> <i>Notes</i> <p> <i>Russula catillus</i> was reported from Korea, and the name refers to the resemblance of the pileus to a small bowl traditionally used for holding soy sauce. <i>R. pseudocatillus</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., is sharing similar overall color and shape with <i>R. catillus</i>. Dermatocystidia (both pileocystidia and caulocystidia) are present in our species, but were reported (in Lee <i>et al.</i> 2017) as absent in <i>R. catillus</i>, something that is highly unexpected and should be verified again as all of the presently known species in sect. <i>Ingratae</i> from any part of the world all have abundant dermatocystidia and abundant gloeoplerous elements in all of the tissues. <i>Russula pseudocatillus</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. is very similar to this <i>R. catillus</i>, but it differs from the latter in its smaller basidiomata, irregular presence of lamellulae, much bigger basidiospores ornamented with higher warts that are never interconnected into a reticulum, and also because of its smaller pleurocystidia and poorly gelatinized pileipellis (see Tables 1, 2).</p>Published as part of <i>Yuan, Fa, Song, Yu, Buyck, Bart, Li, Jingwei & Qiu, Lihong, 2019, Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. and R. pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., two new species from southern China, pp. 45-56 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4)</i> on pages 50-54, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7814877">http://zenodo.org/record/7814877</a>
Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Russula viridicinnamomea</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3) <p> SYSTEMATIC POSITION. — Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Russulales, Russulaceae, <i>Russula</i> subg. <i>Heterophyllidia</i> subsect. <i>Heterophyllae</i>.</p> <p> HOLOTYPE. <i>—</i> <b>China</b>. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghu Mountain, on the ground in broad-leaf forest, 14.IX.2015, <i>J. B. Zhang K15091418</i> (holo-, GDGM [GDGM 75339]).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Referring to the green tinged buff pileus.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS. — <i>R. viridicinnamomea</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by sequence data for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), its green tinged cinnamon pileus with undulate and easily peeling margin, absence of lamellulae, basidiospores with partially reticulate ornamentations, gloeocystidia changing to grey in SV and thick pileipellis often with inflated subterminal cells.</p> <p>HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Gregarious in evergreen broadleaf forest.</p> <p> ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <b>China</b>. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghu Mountain, on the ground in broad-leaf forest, 14.IX.2015, <i>J. B. Zhang K15091418-1</i>, (GDGM[GDGM 75340]).</p> DESCRIPTION <i>Basidiomata</i> <p>Small to medium sized, agaricoid.</p> <i>Pileus</i> <p>3-5 cm in diam., hemispherical when young, becoming applanate when mature, with entire margin; surface easy to peel to mid-radius, glabrous, dry, not viscid, pale green (#98FB98), with center a very pale greenish-grayish yellow (palegoldenrod, #EEE8AA).</p> <i>Lamellae</i> <p>Adnate, equal, rarely forked, off-white (white smoke, #F5F5F5), unchanging when bruised; edge even, concolorous; lamellulae present, but rare.</p> <i>Stipe</i> <p>3-4.5 × 0.7-1 cm, central, cylindrical, solid; surface dry, off-white (white smoke, #F5F5F5), longitudinally rugulose.</p> <i>Context</i> <p>Off-white (ghost white, #F8F8FF), 1-3 mm thick, unchanging when bruised.</p> <i>Odour</i> <p>Indistinct.</p> <i>Taste</i> <p>Mild.</p> <i>Spore print</i> <p>Whitish.</p> <i>Basidiospores</i> <p>Subglobose to ellipsoid, [80/4/2] (5.1-) 5.3-6.1-7.0 (-8.1) ×(3.6-) 4.2-4.7-5.5 (-5.8)µm, Q = (1.05-) 1.12-1.30-1.47 (-1.68), hyaline in 5% KOH; ornamentations amyloid, composed of verrucose to conical warts up to 0.6 µm, linked by fine lines forming incomplete network, intermixed with isolated warts; suprahilar spot not amyloid.</p> <i>Basidia</i> <p>31-45.5 × 8.5-11.5 µm, clavate to subcylindrical, 4-spored, rarely 2- or 3-spored, some containing oil droplets when young; sterigmata up to 7 µm long.</p> <i>Lamellar trama</i> <p>Composed of nested sphaerocytes surrounded by connective hyphae.</p> <i>Pleurocystidia</i> <p>31.5-66 × 4.5-13.5 µm, abundant, fusoid to cylindrical, with rostrate or mucronate apices, thin-walled, with abundant granular contents, becoming dark grey in sulphovanillin (SV).</p> <i>Cheilocystidia</i> <p>36.5-63 × 4-12 µm, cylindrical, with capitate apex, thinwalled, some with refractive granular contents, becoming dark grey in SV.</p> <i>Marginal cells</i> <p>Not differentiated.</p> <i>Pileipellis</i> <p>Orthochromatic in cresyl blue, divided into an upper trichodermal suprapellis and an underlying subpellis of slender, repent to ascending hyphae. Subpellis 350-450 µm deep, composed of septate, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae. Suprapellis 50-80 µm thick, composed of ascending to erect, densely septate hyphal extremities, often with progressively inflating subterminal cells; terminal cells subcylindrical or more frequently distinctly narrowing upward, with obtuse apices; chains of subterminal cells mostly progressively inflated, with more basal cells mostly ellipsoid to subglobose.</p> <i>Pileocystidia</i> <p>Abundant, mostly 20.5-84 × 3-6 µm, one-celled, terminal on extremities, narrowly clavate to cylindrical in suprapellis, apex rostrate or obtuse, with granular refractive contents, becoming longer and cylindrical in subpellis, without septa and with distinct refractive contents changing to dark grey in SV.</p> <i>Stipitipellis</i> <p>A cutis, orthochromatic in cresyl blue, composed of repent, thin-walled, septate hyphae up to 4.6 µm broad; terminal cells cylindrical.</p> <i>Caulocystidia</i> <p>Frequent, cylindrical, mostly 18.5-54 × 3-13 µm, with obtuse apices, without septa, with refractive contents, turning dark grey in SV.</p> <i>Stipe trama</i> <p>Composed of connective hyphae and nested sphaerocytes.</p> <i>Clamp connections</i> <p>Absent.</p> <i>Notes</i> <p> The combination of predominantly equal gills, pale spore print, absence of an amyloid suprahilar spot, no primordial hyphae, but presence of single-celled gloeocystidia and welldifferentiated hyphal extremities are all characters that suggest that <i>R. viridicinnamomea</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. belongs in subg. <i>Heterophyllidia</i>. Our phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences placed it firmly within sect. <i>Heterophyllae</i>, subsect. <i>Heterophyllae</i>, where it is closely related to <i>R. bubalina</i> and <i>R. pseudobubalina</i> (Li <i>et al.</i> 2018). The latter subsection was traditionally based on the European <i>R. vesca</i> and <i>R. heterophylla</i>, two species that produce a strong carrot orange reaction to FeSO 4 (which has not yet been verified for our species) and are both unique among European <i>Russulas</i> in possessing thick-walled, needle-shaped cells at the surface of the pileipellis, particularly near the pileus center. Both of these characters have not yet been reported for any of the Chinese species that were recently attributed to this group, except for the confirmed strong reaction to FeSO 4 in <i>R. pseudobubalina</i> and <i>R. subatropurpurea</i> (Li <i>et al.</i> 2018). Whereas the three Chinese species that were recently attributed to this subsection are all similar to <i>R. vesca</i> in general color, viz. mostly in shades of pink to pinkish brown with local discolored spots that are yellowish rusty in color, <i>R. viridicinnamomea</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. is more reminiscent of <i>R. heterophylla</i> because of the green shades on the pileus.</p>Published as part of <i>Yuan, Fa, Song, Yu, Buyck, Bart, Li, Jingwei & Qiu, Lihong, 2019, Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. and R. pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., two new species from southern China, pp. 45-56 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4)</i> on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7814877">http://zenodo.org/record/7814877</a>
Judging Similarity: A User-Centric Study of Related Item Recommendations - Dataset
No full textThis dataset describes survey results about the similarity of pairs of movies from the MovieLens recommender system. These data are described in the research paper "Judging Similarity: A User-Centric Study of Related Item Recommendations", published in the ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys), 2018. The data were collected between March 21 and April 16, 2018.AmazonGoogleYao, Yuan; Harper, F Maxwell. (2018). Judging Similarity: A User-Centric Study of Related Item Recommendations - Dataset. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D67700
<i>Russula viridicinnamomea</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. and <i>R. pseudocatillus</i> F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., deux nouvelles espèces de la Chine du sud
No full textDeux espèces nouvelles du genre Russula Pers., récoltées dans la Réserve Biosphère du Dinghushan, Chine du sud, sont décrites sur des critères morphologiques et phylogénétiques (analyse des séquences ITS), les plaçant toutes deux dans le sous-genre Heterophyllidia Romagnesi. Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. possède un chapeau d’un vert émeraude, des lames souvent fourchues, des basidiospores subréticulées et un pileipellis épais avec des terminaisons composées de cellules typiques, enflées à subglobuleuses et mélangées à d’abondantes dermatocystides réagissant à la sulphovanilline. Russula pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. est proche de R. catillus Lee, Park & Lim, mais en diffère par la taille inférieure des carpophores et des pleurocystides, la présence irrégulière de lamellules, ses basidiospores plus grandes et à ornementation plus haute, jamais réticulée et par son pileipellis non gélifié.Two novel species of Russula Pers. subgenus Heterophyllidia Romagnesi, collected from the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China, are described and illustrated based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. is characterized by the emerald green-tinged buff pileus with undulate and tearing margin, lamellae that are frequently forked, subreticulate basidiospores with interconnected warts, very thick pileipellis with terminal elements that are often inflated to subglobose, and abundant hymenial cystidia and dermatocystidia, all changing to dark grey in sulphovanillin. Russula pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. shows close relationship to Russula catillus Lee, Park & Lim, but it differs from the latter by its smaller basidiomata and pleurocystidia, irregular presence of lamellulae, much bigger basidiospores ornamented with higher warts never forming a reticulum, and not gelatinized pileipellis. Both morphological and molecular analyses consistently confirm the distinctiveness of these two novel taxa in subgenus Heterophyllidia. The differences among two novel taxa and their related species are discussed.</p
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