109,275 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Helvetia semialba Gustavo R. S. Ruiz & Antonio D. Brescovit 2008, comb. nov.
No full textHelvetia semialba (Simon, 1901) comb. nov. Figs 8-10 Deloripa semialba Simon, 1901b: 157 (female holotype from Serra do Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Gounelle leg., deposited in MNHN 7735, examined); Galiano, 1963a: 342, pl. XVIII, fig. 8; Platnick, 2007. Diagnosis. This species is similar to H. labiata by having copulatory ducts with similar length and shape, but can be distinguished by the longer copulatory ducts seen in ventral view, overlaying medially (Figs 9 and 10). Description. Female. Described by GALIANO (1963a: 342, under Deloripa semialba). Male. Unknown. Additional material examined. None. Distribution. Known only from Minas Gerais, Brazil.Published as part of Gustavo R. S. Ruiz & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2008, Revision of Helvetia (Araneae: Salticidae: Heliophaninae), pp. 139-147 in Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81752008000100018, http://zenodo.org/record/367850
Matinta Ruiz & Maddison 2019
No full text<i>Matinta</i> Ruiz & Maddison, 2019 <p> <b>Type species:</b> <i>Mago acutidens</i>, Simon 1900, by original designation.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis and phylogenetic position.</b> See Ruiz <i>et al.</i> (2019).</p>Published as part of <i>Matos, Tainá D. S. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2023, On the taxonomy of the jumping spider genus Matinta Ruiz & Maddison, 2019, with a taxonomic revision of the vicana species-group (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycini), pp. 126-150 in Zootaxa 5343 (2)</i> on page 128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8324346">http://zenodo.org/record/8324346</a>
Feed additives for methane mitigation: Assessment of feed additives as a strategy to mitigate enteric methane from ruminants—Accounting; How to quantify the mitigating potential of using antimethanogenic feed additives
No full textRecent advances in our understanding of methanogenesis have led to the development of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA) that can reduce enteric methane (CH) emissions to varying extents, via direct targeting of methanogens, alternative electron acceptors, or altering the rumen environment. Here we examine current and new approaches used for the accounting (i.e., quantification) of enteric CH abatement by the use of AMFA in the livestock sector from the individual animal to the global scale. Along with this process, recommendations are provided on how to account for the mitigation potential at the animal level, as well as in farm-scale models, emissions trading schemes, life cycle assessment, and carbon (C) footprinting tools, and in regional and national inventories. In addition, an assessment of uncertainties and potential trade-offs and off-setting with the use of AMFA (i.e., efficacy vs. effectiveness, upstream and downstream emissions) is provided. The accounting of on-farm enteric CH emissions and benefits from the use of AMFA starts with the ruminant animal (with estimates obtained from a range of approaches, from simple empirical emission factors or equations to complex process-based models) and goes all the way to national and supranational accounting. The choice of methodologies and levels of complexity to account for mitigation of enteric CH (or total GHG) emissions in livestock systems must be tailored to the scale of analysis aimed, the availability of input data to represent contextualized conditions, and the accounting objectives (e.g., academic exercise vs. producer's GHG certification vs. national GHG inventory). The accounting of enteric CH mitigating effects needs to consider the AMFA delivery methods and synergies and trade-offs of GHG emissions at levels before and beyond (upstream and downstream) the animal to fully assess the impact of AMFA use. At large, the accounting of methane abatement by feed additives remains to be fully assessed beyond experimental results (efficacy) to address pragmatism (effectiveness), potential for adoption, and societal acceptance.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Global Dairy Platform (Rosemont, IL) through its Pathways to Net Zero initiative. A. del Prado is financed by the Ikerbasque programme from the Basque Government (Spain), the VACUNCLIM project PID2022-137631OB-I00 (Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento 2022, Investigación Orientada Tipo B, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Madrid, Spain), the CircAgric-GHG project (2nd 2021 call “Programación conjunta internacional 2021” MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR ref. num: PCI2021-122048-2A). BC3 research is supported by María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023-2027 Ref. CEX2021-001201-M, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program. F. Garcia was supported by the Global Dairy Platform. D. R. Yáñez-Ruiz was supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under the grant agreement No. 01059609 (Re-Livestock Project, Brussels, Belgium).Peer reviewe
Helvetia labiata Gustavo R. S. Ruiz & Antonio D. Brescovit 2008, sp. nov.
No full textHelvetia labiata sp. nov. Figs 6-7 Type. Female holotype from Barragem Itaúba, Estrela Velha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 28.X.1999, A.H. Silva leg., deposited in MCN 31552. Etymology. The specific name is a Latin word meaning lipshaped and refers to the posterior part of the epigynum, with a “lip” formed by the posterior epigynal edge and by an anterior edge resulting from the medial junction of the copulatory openings. Diagnosis. This species seems to be closely related to H. semialba by having copulatory ducts with similar length and shape, but can be differentiated by the shorter copulatory ducts, seen ventrally through the translucent epigynal integument (Figs 6 and 7). Description. Female (holotype). Total length: 5.80. Carapace brown, 1.90 long, 1.15 wide, 0.60 high, with a narrow black stripe marginally and sparse white scales. Cephalic region black. Ocular quadrangle 0.90 long. Anterior eye row 0.95 wide and posterior 1.00 wide. Chelicera dark brown. Endite, labium and sternum brown. Palp yellow. Legs 4312 orange, Iwith brown stripes on metatarsus and tarsus. Length of femur: I 0.75, II 0.65, III 0.75, IV 1.10; patella + tibia: I 1.00, II 0.80, III 0.80, IV 1.25; metatarsus + tarsus: I 0.60, II 0.60, III 0.90, IV 1.00. Spination. Femur I, II, III, IV d1-1-1; tibia I v2, II v1 r, III v1 di, IV v2 di; metatarsus I, II v2-2, III, IV v0-3, p1di, r1di. Abdomen gray, with two longitudinal paramedian dark stripes extending to the posterior third, followed by transverse dark stripes; ventrally cream colored. Epigynum as in figures 6 and 7. Spinnerets dark gray. Male. Unknown. Additional material examined. None. Distribution. Known only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Published as part of Gustavo R. S. Ruiz & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2008, Revision of Helvetia (Araneae: Salticidae: Heliophaninae), pp. 139-147 in Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81752008000100018, http://zenodo.org/record/367850
Cost effectiveness of R&D and strategic trade policy
No full textThis paper analyzes the incentives for governments to impose export subsidies when firms invest in a cost saving technology before market competition. Governments first impose an export subsidy or a tax. After observing export policy, firms invest in cost reducing R&D and
subsequently compete in the market. Governments subsidize exports under Cournot
competition. Under Bertrand competition, export subsidies are positive whenever R&D is
sufficiently cost-effective at reducing marginal costs, and negative otherwise. The trade policy reversal found in models without endogenous sunk costs disappears if R&D is sufficiently cost-effective. Thus, output subsidies seem more robust than implied by the recent literature
RUIZ, Enrique D.
No full textThe files "R-1," "T-24," and "T-59," were originally classified under "Ruiz" and "Torreblanca." At the time of cataloguing, they were combined into a single file under the name of the person who created the documents in order to facilitate access. File R-1 contains correspondence between Mr. Fernando Torreblanca and the Consul General of Mexico in El Paso, Texas, Mr. Enrique D. Ruiz, regarding the shipment of a stove requested by the former. File T-24 contains the notification to Mr. Torreblanca that they are sending him some shoes and a request that Gen. Alvaro Obregón authorize a car for service of the Consulate. In file T-59 Mr. Torreblanca makes arrangements with Mr. Enrique Ruiz to send him his wife's coat that she he left in Los Angeles and for which he is asked to pay duty fees, even though it was purchased in Europe. / Los expedientes "R-1", "T-24" y "T-59", fueron clasificados originalmente bajo "Ruiz" y "Torreblanca". Al momento de la catalogación se integraron en uno solo bajo el nombre de quien generó la documentación, para facilitar la consulta. El expediente R-1 contiene correspondencia entre el Sr. Fernando Torreblanca y el Cónsul General de México en El Paso, Texas, Sr. Enrique D. Ruiz, relativa al envío de una estufa que solicitó el primero. El expediente T-24 contiene el aviso al Sr. Torreblanca de que se le están enviando unos zapatos y la solicitud para que el Gral. Alvaro Obregón autorice un automóvil para el servicio del Consulado. En el expediente T-59 el Sr. Torreblanca hace gestiones ante el Sr. Enrique Ruiz, para que se le envíe un abrigo de su esposa que dejó arreglando en Los Angeles y por el cual le solicitan el pago de derechos, a pesar de que fue comprado en Europa
RUIZ, Enrique D.
No full textThe files "R-1," "T-24," and "T-59," were originally classified under "Ruiz" and "Torreblanca." At the time of cataloguing, they were combined into a single file under the name of the person who created the documents in order to facilitate access. File R-1 contains correspondence between Mr. Fernando Torreblanca and the Consul General of Mexico in El Paso, Texas, Mr. Enrique D. Ruiz, regarding the shipment of a stove requested by the former. File T-24 contains the notification to Mr. Torreblanca that they are sending him some shoes and a request that Gen. Alvaro Obregón authorize a car for service of the Consulate. In file T-59 Mr. Torreblanca makes arrangements with Mr. Enrique Ruiz to send him his wife's coat that she he left in Los Angeles and for which he is asked to pay duty fees, even though it was purchased in Europe. / Los expedientes "R-1", "T-24" y "T-59", fueron clasificados originalmente bajo "Ruiz" y "Torreblanca". Al momento de la catalogación se integraron en uno solo bajo el nombre de quien generó la documentación, para facilitar la consulta. El expediente R-1 contiene correspondencia entre el Sr. Fernando Torreblanca y el Cónsul General de México en El Paso, Texas, Sr. Enrique D. Ruiz, relativa al envío de una estufa que solicitó el primero. El expediente T-24 contiene el aviso al Sr. Torreblanca de que se le están enviando unos zapatos y la solicitud para que el Gral. Alvaro Obregón autorice un automóvil para el servicio del Consulado. En el expediente T-59 el Sr. Torreblanca hace gestiones ante el Sr. Enrique Ruiz, para que se le envíe un abrigo de su esposa que dejó arreglando en Los Angeles y por el cual le solicitan el pago de derechos, a pesar de que fue comprado en Europa
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Dataset: Plasma and milk metabolomics in lactating sheep divergent for feed efficiency
No full textThis work was supported by the Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL, Spain; project CSI276P18). Cofunding by the European Regional Development Fund
(ERDF/FEDER) is also acknowledged.N
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