1,954 research outputs found
Ask questions, get sales : close the deak and create long-term relationships / Stephan Schiffman.
No full textIncludes index.v, 168 pages ;In Ask Questions, Get Sales, the author and sales guru Stephan Schiffman helps readers boost their careers to the gold-medal level by teaching them how to strengthen their questioning skills during the sales process. The premise is simple yet effective: In order to be successful, salespeople need to change their mindset from "need-orientated" to "do-orientated". The message of the book centers around six core "do" questions: What do you do? How do you do it? When and where do you do it? Why do you do it that way? Who do you do it with? How can we help you do it better? With this indispensable guide in their briefcase, salespeople will have information at the ready to score big sales over the short term and the long term
MicroProteins:Expanding functions and novel modes of regulation
No full textInternational audienceMicroProteins are small, 5–15-kDa single-domain proteins that are evolutionarily related to multi-domain proteins with sequence homology (Eguen et al., 2015). The single domain of microProteins is often a protein–protein interaction (PPI) domain, through which they can interact with their multi-domain protein targets (Figure 1). The first experimental insight that microProteins exist and how they act came from the identification of the regulatory feedback mechanism of class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factors by LITTLE ZIPPER (ZPR) microProteins (Wenkel et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008). In Arabidopsis, the LITTLE ZIPPER microProtein family consists of four members (ZPR1-4) containing only a leucine zipper domain. The HD-ZIPIII transcription factor REVOLUTA directly transcriptionally upregulates multiple ZPR genes. ZPR proteins physically interact with their HD-ZIPIII targets and suppress their DNA binding ability. Thus, ZPRs establish a direct negative feedback module that controls the activity of the shoot apical meristem
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Identifizierung von REVOLUTA Zielgenen zeigt eine Verbindung zwischen Blattmusterbildung und schatteninduzierten Wachstumsprozessen auf
No full textPlants are sessile organisms and thus have to cope with unfavorable growth
conditions. To survive in an ever-changing environment, they have to constantly
align their growth behavior to biotic and abiotic factors.
In their struggle for water, nutrients and light in a highly competitive environment, plants have evolved gene- and hormone-regulatory networks enabling them to counteract suboptimal conditions by inducing elongation growth. In this thesis I show that the interplay of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors and plant hormones act as an adjusting screw between the inherent growth programs and the outer world.
REVOLUTA, a class III homeodomain-leucine-zipper (HD-ZIPIII) transcription
factor, plays a crucial role in many polarity-associated patterning processes.
Using a ChIP-Seq (Chromatin-Immuno-Precipitation-Sequencing) approach we
were able to identify a number of direct REVOLUTA target genes. Some of these
targets are involved in controlling developmental processes, while a significant
number is involved in responding to abiotic stimuli.
Two of the identified target genes are: TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF
ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1) und YUCCA5 (YUC5), whose gene products are involved
in biosynthesis of auxin. Additionally, several class II homeodomain-leucine-zipper (HD-ZIPII) transcription factors were identified as direct REV targets. These HDZIPII factors are known to regulate shade-associated growth processes. We were able to show that HD-ZIPIII factors regulate HD-ZIPII factors, which is a prerequisite for a full shade-avoidance response. In addition, we were able to
establish a new link between HD-ZIPII factors and leaf patterning.
KANADI1 (KAN1), a transcriptional repressor of the GARP family, acts
antagonistically to REVOLUTA during leaf patterning. We could show that REV
and KAN1 antagonistically regulate several shared target genes. Furthermore, we
revealed that REV and KAN1 also control shade growth in an antagonistic
manner.
Finally, we identified a new positive feedback-loop regulating REV mRNA stability.
It is known, that the ARGONAUTE10 (AGO10) protein sequesters microRNAs of
the miR165/166 family that regulate HD-ZIPIII transcript stability. We were able to show, that AGO10 expression is directly and positively controlled by REV, thereby REV established a direct and positive feedback loop.
In summary, this thesis added to the expansion of the regulatory network around
REVOLUTA. In addition to the identification of a new positive feedback-loop we
were able to ascribe new functions for the REV/KAN1 module in shade-induced
growth promotion. Finally, we discovered that class II homeodomain-leucinezipper
proteins have a crucial role in leaf patterning.Pflanzen führen eine standortgebundene Lebensweise. Aus diesem Grund
müssen sie sich permanent an wechselnde biotische und abiotische Bedingungen
anpassen. Dies geschieht durch das Zusammenspiel inhärenter genetisch
determinierter Programme mit Signalwegen, die auf äußere Stimuli reagieren.
Um im Kampf um Wasser, Nährstoffe und Licht in einer stark von Konkurrenz
geprägten Umwelt zu überleben, haben Pflanzen komplexe regulatorische
Netzwerke etabliert, bei welchem Transkriptionsfaktoren und Hormone eine
entscheidende Rolle spielen. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation zeige ich auf, dass
das Zusammenspiel von Homeodomänen-Leuzin-Zipper-Transkriptionsfaktoren
und Pflanzenhormonen eine „Stellschraube“ zwischen dem inhärenten
Entwicklungsprogrammen und der Antwort auf äußere Reize darstellt.
REVOLUTA, ein Klasse III Homeodomänen-Leuzin-Zipper Transkriptionsfaktor
(HD-ZIPIII), spielt in vielen polaritäts-assoziierten Musterbildungsprozessen eine entscheidende Rolle.
Mittels der Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierungsmethode ChIP-Seq (Chromatin-
Immunopräzipitationssequenzierung) wurden zahlreiche direkte REVOLUTAZielgene
identifiziert, welche einerseits in Entwicklungsprozesse andererseits in
die Reaktion auf abiotische Faktoren involviert sind.
Zwei dieser Zielgene sind TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF
ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1) und YUCCA5 (YUC5), welche unter Regulation von
REVOLUTA das Wachstumshormon Auxin synthetisieren. Des Weiteren wurden
Klasse II Homeodomänen-Leuzin-Zipper Transkriptionsfaktoren als Zielgene von
REVOLUTA identifiziert, welche unter dessen Kontrolle nicht nur wie bisher
bekannt für schatteninduzierte Hypokotylverlängerung verantwortlich sind,
sondern auch in der von REVOLUTA gesteuerte Blattmusterbildung eine
entscheidende Rolle spielen.
Als Gegenspieler von REVOLUTA in der Blattmusterbildung agiert KANADI1
(KAN1), ein transkriptioneller Repressor aus der GARP-Familie. Es konnte gezeigt
werden, dass durch die gemeinsame Regulation von Zielgenen in der
Auxinsynthese und der Schattenantwort, sowohl REVOLUTA als auch KANADI1
in beiden Prozessen eine gegensätzliche Rolle spielen.
Zusätzlich konnte anhand der ChIP-Seq-Daten eine neue positive Feedback-
Schleife für REVOLUTA identifiziert und eine bereits bekannte genauer
charakterisiert werden. In beiden Fällen führt eine genetische Veränderung zu
Veränderungen in der Blattmusterbildung. REVOLUTA wird posttranskriptionell
von den microRNA Familien miR165 und miR166 reguliert. Ich konnte zeigen,
dass ARGONAUTE10, welches die miRNA165/166 bindet und in ihrer Wirkung
inhibiert, durch REVOLUTA direkt positiv transkriptionell reguliert wird. Des
Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass REVOLUTA die Genexpression von
LITTLE ZIPPER Mikroproteinen direkt reguliert, welche in einer negativen
Feedback-Schleife REVOLUTA posttranslational inhibieren.
Zusammengefasst lässt sich sagen, dass im Rahmen dieser Dissertation das
regulatorische Netzwerk um REVOLUTA signifikant erweitert wurde. Es konnten
nicht nur neue Feedback-Schleifen identifiziert und genauer charakterisiert
werden, sondern es wurde eine Funktion für REVOLUTA und KANADI1 in der
Auxin-vermittelten Schattenvermeidungsantwort aufgeklärt. Darüber hinaus konnte
gezeigt werden, dass die an der Schattensignaltransduktion beteiligten Klasse II
Homeodomänen-Leuzin-Zipper Transkriptionsfaktoren auch eine wichtige Rolle in
der Blattmusterbildung spielen
Hybrid simulation of wake vortices of landing aircraft in a turbulent environment
No full textWake-vortex evolution during landing of a long range aircraft is investigated in a turbulent environment. The simulations cover final approach, touchdown on the tarmac, and the evolution of the wake after touchdown. An ambient turbulent crosswind and headwind field is generated in a pre-simulation. The wake is initialized using a RANS-LES coupling approach. The further development of the vortical wake is investigated by large-eddy simulation until final decay. Strong three-dimensional deformations appearing after touchdown and linkings with the ground are studied. The downwind vortex is strongly advected with crosswind and decays quickly. The interaction of plate line disturbances and end effects in a turbulent environment leads to irregular decay pattern
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