157 research outputs found
Spectroscopic studies of the negative state of atoms
No full textNegative ions are of fundamental interest in atomic physics due to the enhanced importance of the electron correlation. In this thesis new spectroscopic methods have been developed and then applied to study the nature of atomic negative ions. The demand of experimental development in this field is pronounced due to lack of resonant excitations within the atomic negative ion, which makes conventional spectroscopy methods insufficient. Instead, laser photodetachment spectroscopy has been applied in which anion absorbs a photon resulting in a break up in a neutral atom and an electron. The research has been performed at the Gothenburg University Negative Ion and Laser LA-boratory (GUNILLA) and at ISOLDE, CERN.The work has widened the utilization of spectroscopy techniques to include radio-active elements. For such studies the Gothenburg ANion Detector for Affinity measurements by Laser Photodetachment (GANDALPH) was developed. Of particular interest here is an experimental determination of the electron affinity of astatine of () =2.415 78(7)eV. This work opens for future work on the spectroscopy of transuranium elements and other artificial elements.Second, a new type of spectrometer for Photoelectron Angular Distribution (PAD)spectroscopy has been developed. In this spectrometer, called PEARLS (Photo-Electron Angular Resolved Linear Spectrometer), the laser and ion beams are collinearly aligned, which considerably increases the interaction volume. The spectrometer was then used to study the energy dependence of the asymmetry parameter , for photodetachment of negative phosphorous.Third, a neutral particle detector for collinear spectroscopy is presented. The target material was graphene coated quartz with transparent properties that out-performs the previously used Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). With graphene coating, the accessible energy range is extended to at least 5.3 eV compared to the earlier limit of 3.7 eV. Finally, an experimental set-up for state selected detection of the residual atom in the photodetachment process has been developed and commissioned. The set-up has been used to measure the EA of cesium to be () =0.471 612(9)eV. This work sets the groundwork for investigation of the validity of Wannier’s law for three body particle breakup
Exhibition as Critical Tool : A Conversatoin with Gunilla Lundahl on Exhibitions, Making Change and Participation
No full textGunilla Lundahl is a Swedish journalist, educator, curator and activist who was a key figure in the design and architecture scene in Stockholm. She was active as a writer in magazines such as Form and Arkitekturtidningen, a teacher at Konstfack University College, and author of many books. Among other things, she was part of organising the well-known Scandinavian Design Students’ Organization seminars in the late 1960s. Adding to this, she was part of grassroot movements during the 1960s and 1970s that would organise well-known exhibitions such as The Model – A Model for a Qualitative Society (1968) and ARARAT (1976) both at Moderna Museet in Stockholm. This conversation departs from Gunilla Lundahl’s own experiences, as we talk about exhibition as activism. The conversation focuses not on what was shown in the exhibitions but instead emphasises the grassroots organisations, the making and politics. Hereby, the conversation produces histories that do not exist in the archives but also brings attention to practices that challenge the traditional understanding of design and its history.</p
Validating vascular access data in the Swedish Renal Registry SRR
No full textBackground: All Swedish dialysis units register data on vascular access in the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR). This study assessed external and internal validity of vascular access data in the SRR and its use as a tool in clinical practice. Methods: For external validation, all procedures for placed fistulas, open and endovascular reinterventions registered in the SRR in 2011 to 2017 were cross-matched with data from the Swedish National Patient Registry. A two-stage sampling selected 12/60 dialysis units for internal validation. Data on current vascular access for 10 randomly selected patients at each unit were compared with medical record data. SRR data on placed fistulas from 2017 were cross-checked with data from local surgical units. Registrations of central venous catheters (CVCs) as temporary or permanent were used as a proxy for clinical utilization of the registry and analyzed separately. Results: External validity increased from 74% to 83% during the observation period. In all, 1037 datapoints were used in internal validation, with a 95% match between SRR registrations and medical records. Registrations of CVCs, fistulas, and interventions were reliable, with few missing data or mismatches. Vascular access type initiating hemodialysis was missing or incorrect in either the SRR or medical records for 14/120 patients. Registrations of placed fistulas in 2017 matched in all but four (pre-dialysis stage) of 135 cases. Some 35% of the CVCs validated (n = 49) at 7/12 units were not categorized as temporary or permanent. Conclusion: The SRR provides a reliable resource on current vascular access care.</p
Upper-arm hemodialysis access in Sweden
No full textAim To provide the contemporary use of upper-arm access for hemodialysis in Sweden using data from a unique national registry for hemodialysis access. Methods Data were retrieved from a nation-wide registry for dialysis access in Sweden, Dialysis Access Database (DiAD) on the use and function of specific access types with a focus on upper-arm accesses. Results The data demonstrate an increased use of upper-arm access, likely dependent on a changing patient population, with brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the most common access type. Women received more upper-arm accesses than men. Given the recent establishment of the registry, patency and access function can at this point give preliminary data. Indications of a better function for brachiobasilic AVFs in staged procedures were observed as well as for upper-arm arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) in women. Conclusions Registry data support an increased use of upper-arm accesses, especially in women. The study also demonstrates the potential of a dedicated national access registry to improve access care. </jats:sec
Spectroscopic studies of the negative state of atoms
No full textNegative ions are of fundamental interest in atomic physics due to the enhanced importance of the electron correlation. In this thesis new spectroscopic methods have been developed and then applied to study the nature of atomic negative ions. The demand of experimental development in this field is pronounced due to lack of resonant excitations within the atomic negative ion, which makes conventional spectroscopy methods insufficient. Instead, laser photodetachment spectroscopy has been applied in which anion absorbs a photon resulting in a break up in a neutral atom and an electron. The research has been performed at the Gothenburg University Negative Ion and Laser LA-boratory (GUNILLA) and at ISOLDE, CERN.The work has widened the utilization of spectroscopy techniques to include radio-active elements. For such studies the Gothenburg ANion Detector for Affinity measurements by Laser Photodetachment (GANDALPH) was developed. Of particular interest here is an experimental determination of the electron affinity of astatine of () =2.415 78(7)eV. This work opens for future work on the spectroscopy of transuranium elements and other artificial elements.Second, a new type of spectrometer for Photoelectron Angular Distribution (PAD)spectroscopy has been developed. In this spectrometer, called PEARLS (Photo-Electron Angular Resolved Linear Spectrometer), the laser and ion beams are collinearly aligned, which considerably increases the interaction volume. The spectrometer was then used to study the energy dependence of the asymmetry parameter , for photodetachment of negative phosphorous.Third, a neutral particle detector for collinear spectroscopy is presented. The target material was graphene coated quartz with transparent properties that out-performs the previously used Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). With graphene coating, the accessible energy range is extended to at least 5.3 eV compared to the earlier limit of 3.7 eV. Finally, an experimental set-up for state selected detection of the residual atom in the photodetachment process has been developed and commissioned. The set-up has been used to measure the EA of cesium to be () =0.471 612(9)eV. This work sets the groundwork for investigation of the validity of Wannier’s law for three body particle breakup
Fibre quality of hemp grown on the Swedish island Gotland
No full textTitle Hemp fibre, a textile fibre from the Swedish island Gotland in the Baltic SeaKeywords Hemp, Cannabis Sativa, Textile, Strength, FinenessAuthor (s) Gunilla Östbom1) & Bengt Svennerstedt2)Address 1) Department of Domestic Science, Trädgårdsgatan 14, Uppsala University,SE-753 09 UPPSALA, Sweden (corresponding author)2) Biofibre Technology Research Group, Department of JBT, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 86, SE-230 53 ALNARP, SwedenTelephone 1) +46 18 471 23 13 (corresponding author)Fax 1) +46 18 471 23 21 (corresponding author)Mobile 1) +46 70 362 39 71 (corresponding author)E-mail 1) [email protected] (corresponding author)2) [email protected] ID no.(to be assigned by conference organisers)Abstract:Hemp, Cannabis sativa L has been grown for its fibres for thousands of years. In Sweden it has been prohibited to cultivate hemp for about 40 years, but now it is possible for farmers to grow it again. Before the ban, Gotland, a limestone island in the centre of the Baltic Sea, was the last major growing area in Sweden. At that time the main crop was used for production of rope. During later years, hemp has received increased interest as a sustainable crop and for a multitude of possible uses. To use hemp as a textile fibre, knowledge of the properties of varieties and under different growing conditions is of interest. Fabric made of hemp fibres for clothing coming from China and Rumania can now be seen, but is the quality of hemp cultivated on Gotland also good enough for clothing textiles?To be suitable for textile purposes, a fibre should have enough strength, enough fineness, enough length and some friction on the surface of the fibres. These four aspects interact and if one factor is lacking, one or more of the others have to compensate. To be suitable for clothing and not only for coarser textiles, the fibre has to be finer than 0,04 mm and down to 0.01mm in diameter. It also has to have enough strength. There is no doubt that the friction and the length of a hemp fibre, grown almost everywhere, are enough to create a textile product. More interesting is the strength of hemp, since the stronger it is, the finer it can be, and the softer the fabric can be made. Cottonizing of hemp can make the fibres suitable for high quality fabrics.This paper focuses on the strength and fineness of hemp fibres from six different varieties, grown on Gotland, on different locations and handled different during the process from seed to fibre. The varieties were Beniko, Futura 75, Fedora 17, Felina 32, USO 31 and Finola. Those varieties are available on the market and not specialized for the soils and climate on Gotland. Therefore it is important to investigate the quality of the fibres. Samples from the varieties were tested according to strength and fineness. The strength varied between 247-570 MPa. Variation was also noted in fibres from different parts of the stem. “Normally” fertilized and not retted, only dried and mechanically decorticated, Futura 75 had the best value in samples from the middle of its stem. The fineness varies also a lot and it is planned to perform tests before this summer.</p
De sociala nätverkens betydelse för revisorer på mindre orter
No full textSammanfattning Titel: De sociala nätverkens betydelse för revisorer på mindre orter Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Viktoria Norberg & Gunilla Persson Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2016-01 Syfte: Vi har funnit att studier om de sociala nätverkens betydelse för revisorers oberoende är högst begränsade och med ett tillägg av små orter, helt obefintligt. Vårt syfte med studien är därför att belysa betydelsen av detta på just mindre orter Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med 10 godkända eller auktoriserade revisorer. Resultatet har sedan bearbetats och analyserats för att slutligen presenteras utifrån ett antal förutbestämda teman. Resultat & slutsats: Det empiriska materialet bekräftade att sociala nätverk har en stor betydelse på mindre orter samt att relationen till klienten blir närmre. Även om resultatet till stor del påvisade de positiva aspekterna, fick vi indikationer på att de sociala nätverken och nära relationerna även påverkar revisorerna i en negativ riktning. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Under vår empiriska undersökning fick vi en del indikationer på faktorer som ökade de sociala nätverkens påverkan och betydelse, så som ortens storlek och revisorernas erfarenhet. Dessa faktorer samt en mer rikstäckande studie för att undersöka om det finns några geografiska skillnader anser vi skulle vara intressanta att undersöka närmre genom mer fokuserade studier. Uppsatsens bidrag: Vi anser att vi med vårt empiriska resultat tillfört ett unikt bidrag till befintlig forskning inom ämnet. Även om vår studie kan anses begränsad i sin omfattning så anser vi oss öppnat upp för fortsatta studier för att ytterligare skapa förståelse inom området. Nyckelord: sociala nätverk, revisor, oberoende, relationer, små orterAbstract Title: The significance of social networks for auditors in small communities Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Viktoria Norberg & Gunilla Persson Supervisor: Jan Svanberg Date: 2016-01 Aim: We have found that studies about the significance of social networks for the auditors' independence are very limited and with the addition of small communities absent. Our purpose of this study is to illuminate the significance of this in small communities. Method: We used a qualitative approach in the form of semi-structured interviews with 10 approved or authorized auditors. The result is processed and analyzed to finally presented from a number of predefined themes. Results & Conclusions: The empirical data confirmed that social networks have a major role in small communities and the relationship with the client gets closer. Although the results emphasize the positive aspects, we received indications that social networks and close relationships also affect the auditors in a negative direction. Suggestions for future research: In our empirical study we received some indications of factors that increased the social networks 'influence and importance, such as the communities size and auditors' experience. These factors, as well as a more nationwide study to investigate potential geographic differences, would be interesting to examine closer through some more focused studies. Contribution of the thesis: We consider ourselves with our empirical results brought a unique contribution to existing research. Although our study can be considered limited, we believe we have pioneered for further studies, to further promote understanding in the field. Key words: social networks, accountant, auditor, independence, relationships, small communitie
Stenhuggarnas organisation i medeltidens Östergötland
No full textThe stonemasons organisation in medieval Östergötland By Gunilla Gardelin
In a study of stonecutting techniques, the author has shown that these can be used as historical source material, for investigation of how masons were organised during different periods in medieval times. From the study it appears that masons, during the first half of the 12th century, were contracted by the social elite to build the first stone churches in Östergötland. Masons were therefore travelling be-tween building projects. These masons worked the stone with an axe or a chisel. During the period 1140 to 1250, the building of stone churches increased immensely, which meant that several quarries could have provided the building sites with stone. During this period more people from the aristocracy had the possibility to invest in the building of churches, providing them with dressed stone in portals, window frames and bases. This can probably be explained by the fact that the large early manors could have been divided among more people. The building of the monastery at Alvastra, during the 1140s, probably had a great influence on the building of parish churches. Through their work on the monastery, the masons mastered the technique of using a broad chisel to dress the stone with regularly placed marks over the surface. During the 13th century it was above all the institutions, such as the cathedral in Linköping and the monasteries, that contracted masons for projects, but also the bishops invested in dressed stone in churches and secular buildings. The technique used during the 13th and 14th centuries, working the stone with a claw, is to be found in the eastern parts of the area around Linköping. A great many facts indicate that the large scale workshop in Linköping was the centre of stonecutting. During the 15th century two large building projects were taking place in Östergötland, the building of Vadstena Abbey started during the 1390s, and the building of a new chancel at the cathedral in Linköping started in 1408. No buildings outside these towns were provided with dressed stone during the 14th and 15th centuries
Urban scaffolding: A topological design tool
No full textLandscape architecture, landscape urbanism, and urbanism provide a number of tools, methods, and techniques for the design of the built and unbuilt urban landscape. The interplay of these techniques is left up to the designers, and the resulting range of projects associated with the terms is broad and inconsistent. This paper proposes Urban Scaffolding as a way to reconfigure existing practices into a flexible, scalable, repeatable, and compact design mechanism that simultaneously discovers and intervenes in a territory. The method was developed through design projects that focused on reconnecting the urban and natural landscape by means of topological strategies. Two of these projects will be used as examples in this paper.Environmental Technology and Desig
Satisfaction Is Associated With Participation: Everyday Occupations Measured With the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire
No full textAbstract Date Presented 4/9/2016 Participation in everyday occupations and satisfaction were explored with the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire in persons after a stroke. Findings empirically show that people are satisfied when participating in occupations that they want to do, supporting an assumption in occupational therapy. Primary Author and Speaker: Aileen Bergström Contributing Authors: Gunilla Eriksson, Susanne Guidetti, Kerstin Tha
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