1,717 research outputs found
Da ideia de infância em Jean-Jacques Rousseau ou do "sono da razão"
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em EducaçãoOs pensamentos expostos no século XVIII pelo genebrino Jean-Jacques Rousseau influenciaram de maneira decisiva a forma como o Ocidente passou a perceber a infância. Este autor provocou uma verdadeira divisão de águas ao publicar Emílio ou Da Educação (1762). Com este feito, mais que balançar os alicerces educacionais da época, ele delega à criança um lugar no mundo. A infância passa a ter um valor em si mesma, e a ser vista como etapa fundamental na constituição humana. Ao destacar este período da vida, além de romper definitivamente com o que vigorava em seu tempo, no qual a criança era tida como um erro passageiro - um infante (aquele que não fala); um "adulto em miniatura"; ou mero objeto de paparicação e prazer - Jean-Jacques cria uma ótica inovadora de conceber a criança. Dizia que: "A natureza quer que as crianças sejam crianças antes de serem homens." Ao elaborar um conceito de infância, Rousseau afirma que "a infância é o sono da razão". O que nos surpreende devido este autor ter vivido em pleno "Século das Luzes", justamente quando a razão era evocada como o guia seguro para o pensamento e para ação em todas as idades. Ao contrário do que possa parecer, Rousseau não desmerece o período infantil, associando-o à escuridão ou a inferioridade primeira da humanidade. Ele é considerado o "inventor da infância". Retomar pensamentos que versam sobre essas ideias rousseaunianas, inaugurais da concepção moderna de Infância, por meio de pesquisa teórica, é o objetivo traçado aqui, com intuito de avançar nas compreensões estabelecidas em torno das contribuições de Jean-Jacques Rousseau para temática em exame.The thoughts exposed in the eighteenth century by the genevan, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, influenced in a decisive way the West has to realize his childhood. This author has caused a real division of the waters or publish Emile, or On Education (1762). With this done more than shake the foundations of educational time, it leaves the child a place in the world. The child is given a value in itself, and be seen as key step in the human constitution. By highlighting this period of life, and the final break with that which prevailed in his time, in which the child was seen as a mistake passenger - an infant (who does not speak), a "miniature adult" or mere object of pampering and pleasure - Jean-Jacques creates a new perspective to conceive a child. He said: "Nature wants children to be children before being men." In developing a concept of childhood, Rousseau says that "childhood is the sleep of reason". What surprises us because this author has lived in the middle of "Age of Enlightenment", just when the reason was mentioned as the sure guide for thought and action in all ages. Contrary to what may seem, Rousseau does not diminish the infantile period, associating him to the darkness or the inferiority of humanity first. He is considered the "inventor of childhood." Resume thoughts that talk about these ideas Rousseau, the inaugural modern conception of childhood, through theoretical research, stroke is the goal here, with the aim to advance the understandings established around the contributions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau to thematic examination
CD44 acts as a signalling platform controlling tumour progression and metastasis
Get PDFCD44 proteins emerge as major signal transduction controller. CD44 isoforms participate in several signalling pathways ranging from growth factor-induced signalling to Wnt-regulated pathways. The role of CD44 in tumour progression and metastasis is most likely linked to its function as a signalling hub. More and more evidence suggests as well that CD44 is not only a mere cancer stem cell marker but is directly involved in tumour and metastasis initiation. It is foreseeable that a link between the expression of CD44 on cancer stem cells and its function as a regulator of cell signalling will be drawn in a near future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Henri Rousseau: visual narratives
No full textO presente estudo procura descrever e interpretar o fenômeno de interação entre pintura e escrita na obra do artista francês autodidata Henri Rousseau (1844-1910), conhecido como o Aduaneiro. Criador múltiplo, embora reconhecido hoje mormente como pintor de relevância ímpar na evolução da arte moderna, dedicou-se simultaneamente à música e à dramaturgia. A experiência da escrita, em particular, desdobra-se em seu trabalho em uma vertente complexa: a composição de versos e sentenças destinados a completar a inteligência de seus quadros, verdadeiros textos da imagem ou legendas, propriamente ditas, que cumprem função interpretante. Acredita-se, por conseguinte, que uma análise aprofundada da dinâmica entre imagens e palavras na criação de significado verificada na obra do Aduaneiro, tendo em vista uma determinada disposição narrativa, sugere efetivamente novas leituras do percurso figurativo configurado entre o visual e o verbal, assim como dos efeitos poéticos que resultam da associação dessas duas categorias. Em síntese, trata-se de considerar que tal fenômeno projeta um universo referencial expandido, formado a partir de elementos comuns às composições pictóricas e verbais realizadas pelo artista.The aim of this study is to describe and interpret the phenomenon of interaction between painting and writing in the work of the self-taught French artist Henri Rousseau (1844-1910), called the Douanier. Multiple creator, although today recognized mainly as a painter of distinctive relevance in the evolution of modern art, he devoted himself simultaneously to music and dramaturgy. The experience of writing, in particular, unfolds in his work in a complex aspect: the composition of verses and sentences intended to complete the intelligence of his paintings, true texts of the image or properly captions accomplishing an interpretative function. Therefore, it is believed that an in-depth analysis of the dynamics between images and words in the creation of meaning verified in the Douanier\'s work, in view of a certain narrative disposition, effectively suggests new readings of the figural process configured between the visual and the verbal, as well as the poetic effects resulting from the association of these two categories. In brief, it is a matter of considering that this phenomenon projects an expanded referential universe, formed from elements common to the pictorial and verbal compositions realized by the artist
J.-J. Rousseau lexicographe : «Danger, risque, péril»
No full textJean-Pierre Le Bouler : J. -J. Rousseau as lexicographer.
The fragment by Rousseau beginning with the words " danger, risk, peril " is a preparatory note for the Social Contract, dating probably from the beginning of 1761. After compering it with the article signed by d'Alembert in the Encyclopédie, the author concludes that Rousseau was attempting to compete with the author of the article ' Synonyms ', in the hope that he would finally be recognised as a political theorist who was concerned with precision.Le Bouler Jean-Pierre. J.-J. Rousseau lexicographe : «Danger, risque, péril». In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°7, 1975. pp. 253-258
Forging Rousseau
No full textInspired by questions and techniques of lâhistoire du livreâ, this books investigates how print technology in the service of cultural discipleship created the liteary icon known as Jean-Jacques Rousseau. During his lifetime Rousseau asserted an author-centred interpretation of literary property that brought him celebrity and income. However, following the condemnations of Emile and Du contrat social, it also brought him extraordinary personnal grief. After Rousseauâs death in July 1778, three disciples envisioned a massive testament of rehabilitation, the Collection complète des oeuvres de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, citoyen de Genève. Containing the first editions of the Confessions, Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, and considerable correspondence, the Collection complète offered up Rousseau the martyred sage speaking the language of autobiography. Readers were invited to appropriate lessons from the tragic life. Indeed, the absorption of Rousseauâs texts was intended to stir up, manipulate, and change their own lives. Though the Collection complète was an extraordinary literary phenomenon, it proved to be a commercial disaster. Competing editorial agendas tore apart the disciples, and piracies of their edition damaged the enterprise. Rousseauâs âwidowâ and blood relatives claimed literary property rights inheritance. Subsequently, as the French Revolution unfolded, established strategies behind the marketing of Rousseau shifted. The flexible moral messages of autobiography yelded place to a static political one â that of Rousseau as author of Du contrat social, the père de la patrie, en embalmed corpse lying in state in the Panthéon. Forging Rousseau is a unique type of cultural analysis, contextualising the commercial publishing history of Rousseauâs works in the milieux of the late Enlightenment and Revolutionary period. It is sensitive to major issues concerning book history today: what constitutes an edition, what constitutes a piracy, and competing definitions of intellectual property, icon construction, and literary inheritance. Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Rousseau and intellectual property rights 1 Up to and including La nouvelle Héloise 2 Emile and the Oeuvre Complète Part II: The trois amis and the widow Rousseau 3 Girardin, Moultou and Du Peyrou 4 Rousseau without borders 5 Thérèse Part III: The Collection conplète des oeuvres de J-J. Rousseau, citoyen de Genève 6 Competing editorial vision 7 Publishing 8 What readers found in the Collection complète 9 Europeâs booksellers abd the fate of the Collection complète 10 Publishing Part II of the Confessions 11 From print to the Panthéon Bibliography Index<br/
Emma and Lemuel Rousseau
No full textThe author discusses the life of Lemuel Rousseau and his wife Emma and their association with Ellen White as they establish the first Seventh-day Adventist training school in Australia, later known as Avondale College
Rousseau et Locke. Dialogues critiques
No full textInternational audienceTranscending an often outraged opposition between the two authors, this volume reassesses the legacy of Locke's thought in that of Rousseau, in all the areas of his philosophy (personal identity, epistemology, medicine, morality, pedagogy, economics, politics). Beyond an intellectual history, this collected volume highlights the fruitful critical dialogue that Rousseau maintains with Locke, while identifying the ways in which the Citizen of Geneva distorted his predecessor’s thought. While establishing the author of Emile’s debt to the ‘sage Locke’, the volume also discerns the relevance of Rousseau’s objections to Lockian philosophy. In what sense did Rousseau establish his own philosophy on ‘common principles’ to those of Locke? How does he subvert the Essay Concerning Human Understanding or the Thoughts Concerning Education? What are the blind spots in Locke’s philosophy that Rousseau highlights and, conversely, the limits of Rousseau’s criticism of Locke? These are the main aspects of this volume, which brings together scholars in philosophy and literature, on Rousseau and Locke.Surmontant une opposition souvent outrée entre les deux auteurs, ce volume intitulé Rousseau et Locke : dialogues critiques réévalue l’héritage de la pensée de Locke chez Rousseau, dans tous les domaines de sa philosophie (identité personnelle, épistémologie, médecine, morale, pédagogie, économie, politique). Il met en lumière le dialogue critique fécond que Rousseau entretient avec Locke. L’introduction, conçue et écrite en collaboration avec Céline Spector, réalise un état de la question, un état de l’art et une typologie des différentes appropriations par Rousseau de l’œuvre de Locke
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