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    Modulaarinen kenttäväylä Octopus-käärintäkoneissa

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    Opinnäytetyö tehtiin käärintäkoneita valmistavaan Oy M. Haloila Ab -nimiseen yritykseen. Opin-näytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää modulaarisen kenttäväylän tuomia mahdollisuuksia Haloilan valmistamissa Octopus-käärintäkoneissa. Ensisijaisena tavoitteena oli pohtia, miten käärintäkoneen ohjausjärjestelmiä saadaan yhdenmukaistettua ja kehitettyä. Työssä on myös selvitetty järjestelmän vaikutukset käärintäkoneen ohjausjärjestelmien hintarakenteeseen. Teollisuuteen tarkoitetut kenttäväylät ovat alati kehittyvää tekniikkaa, ja uusia järjestelmiä luodaan kenties useammin kuin koskaan. Uudet tavat toteuttaa koneen ohjaus on mahdollistanut eri kenttäväylillä ja logiikoilla toimivien koneiden välille yhdenmukaisemman rakenteen. Yhdenmukaistamalla tuoteperheen rakenteita on mahdollista saavuttaa huomattavia säästöjä koko valmistusprosessin eri vaiheissa. Aiheen esittelemisessä on hyödynnetty alan kirjallisuutta ja muita julkaisuja. Käärintäkoneen toiminnasta kirjoittajalla oli omakohtaista kokemusta, jota on hankittu usean vuoden työkokemuksella. Opinnäytetyötä varten haastateltiin Haloilan suunnittelijoita ja käärintäkoneen valmistusprosessissa mukana olevia ihmisiä, jolloin ohjausjärjestelmien kehityskohteista saatiin useita näkemyksiä. Tehtyä opinnäytetyötä on tarkoitus käyttää apuna Octopus-tuoteperheen kehittämisessä, ja työn tekemisen tuotteena syntynyttä ohjausjärjestelmien hintarakennetta on mahdollista käyttää jatkossa käärintäkoneiden tuotekehityksessä. Opinnäytetyössä esitelty OctoBUS on tarkoitus ottaa käyttöön kaikissa Octopus-käärintäkoneissa kesällä 2017This thesis was commissioned by company called Oy M. Haloila Ab which manufacturers wrapping machines. The objective of thesis was to investigate the opportunities of modular fieldbuses in Haloila’s Octopus wrapping machines. The primary objective was to consider how to standardize and develop the control systems of a wrapping machine. The effects of the system on the cost structure of the wrapping machine’s control systems were also investigated in this thesis. Fieldbuses developed for industrial use are a constantly developing technology and new systems are created perhaps more than ever. New ways to execute the controlling of the machine have enabled a more uniform structure between machines which use different fieldbuses and logics. By standardizing the structures of the product family, it is possible to achieve considerable savings through the whole manufacturing process. Literature and other publications of the industry have been used when presenting this topic. The author has work experience of multiple years on the operation of wrapping machines. For this thesis, employees of Haloila, for example designers and other people who are involved in the manufacturing process, were interviewed to get new perspective of issues in the control systems that need developing. This thesis is going to be used in helping to develop the Octopus product family. The cost structure of the control system that was developed in this thesis, can be used in the product development of wrapping machines in the future. The OctoBUS, which was introduced in this thesis, is going to be launched during summer 2017 and it will be installed to all Octopus wrapping machines

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Energy efficiency optimization for stretch wrapping machine by breaking energy utilization

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    Tämän diplomityön tavoite on tutkia Octopus-kiristekäärintäkoneen energiankulutusta ja selvittää kuinka paljon energiatehokkuutta voidaan parantaa nostoliikkeen ja pyöritysliikkeen hidastuksesta syntyvän energian hyödyntämisellä. Työn suorittamista varten käytiin läpi tarpeellista lähdemateriaalia ja suoritettiin mittaukset eräästä Octopus-kiristekäärintäkonemallista ja käärintäohjelmasta. Kokonaisenergiamäärää arvioitiin myös teoreettisesti. Liikkeiden hidastuksesta syntyvän energian hyödyntämistapa on riippuvainen energian kokonaismäärästä ja liikkeiden yhtäaikaisuudesta. Kokonaisenergiamäärää voidaan tarkastella joko teoreettisesti tai mittaamalla. Liikkeiden yhtäaikaisuuden määrittää käärintäohjelma, jolloin kokonaisuutta parhaiten tukeva energian hyödyntämistapa voidaan selvittää, kun mallinnetaan kaikkien eri käärintäohjelmien profiilit. Tutkimuksessa keskityttiin esittämään vaihtoehtoisia energianhyödyntämistapoja yhden käärintäohjelman mittausten perusteella. Kiristekäärintäkoneen energiatehokkuutta on mahdollista parantaa pienillä muutoksilla. Liikkeiden hidastusten tuottama kokonaisenergiamäärä on pieni, joten vaikka kaikki hidastuksen tuottama energia saadaan ohjattua energiavarastoon, ei sen hyödyntäminen normaali käyttöolosuhteissa ole taloudellisesti kannattavaa. Diplomityön perusteella voidaan sanoa, että Octopus-kiristekäärintäkoneen energiatehokkuutta pystytään parantamaan melko yksinkertaisilla muutoksilla, mutta kaikkea hidastuksissa syntyvää energiaa ei ole taloudellisesti järkevää hyödyntää.The objective of this thesis is to investigate Octopus-wrapping machine energy consumption and unravel how much energy efficiency can be improved with utilizing lifting- and rotation movement braking energy when movements are slowed down. Necessary source material was reviewed, and measurements were made from single Octopus-wrapping machine and wrapping program. Total amount of energy was also theoretically estimated. The way in which the energy generated by the deceleration of the movements is utilized depends on the total amount of energy and the simultaneity of the movements. The total amount of energy can be solved either theoretically or by measuring. The simultaneity of the movements is determined by selected wrapping program, so that the most versatile way of utilizing the energy created by deceleration of the movements can be determined only after modelling the profile of all wrapping programs. This thesis concentrated on presenting alternative energy utilization methods based on measurements from a single wrapping program. The wrapping machine energy efficiency can be improved with relatively small changes, but even if all energy from deceleration of the movements could be utilized, the total amount of energy is very small, and utilization of the energy is not economically profitable under normal machine operation conditions. According to this thesis, it is possible to increase energy optimization of Octopus-wrapping machine with simple changes, but it is not economically sensible to utilize all the energy generated during decelerations

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

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