136 research outputs found
Supplemental Material—Cross-sectional analysis of whole-brain microstructural changes in adult patients with bipolar and unipolar depression by diffusion kurtosis imaging
No full textSupplemental Material for Cross-sectional analysis of whole-brain microstructural changes in adult patients with bipolar and unipolar depression by diffusion kurtosis imaging by Muniraju Maralakunte, Vivek Gupta, Sandeep Grover, Chirag Kamal Ahuja, Swapnajeet Sahoo, Kamal Kishore, Sameer Vyas, Gaurav Sharma, Paramjeet Singh, and Varan Govind in The Neuroradiology Journal.</p
MRS in Motor Neuron Diseases
No full textUpper motor neurons (UMN) in the motor cortex and/or lower motor neurons (LMN) in the brainstem and spinal cord are affected in a heterogeneous group of related or pathologically similar adult-onset diseases, collectively termed as motor neuron diseases (MND). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most predominant (85 %) among MND in which both UMN and LMN progressively degenerate. The etiology of ALS is not known in approximately 90 % of patients; however, inheritance of genetic mutations underlies in about 10 % of them. To date, neither conventional neuroimaging techniques nor laboratory tests of body fluids or biopsy samples yielded definitive biomarkers for ALS. Furthermore, molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this disease remain poorly understood. Proton MRS is well suited to quantify metabolite alterations in the brain, and it has been used on patients with ALS in an effort to gain insight into the pathophysiology of ALS. A brief description on MND and their subtypes, limitations of clinical neuroimaging methods to diagnose ALS, a number of brain metabolites that can be quantified by in vivo MRS and their relevance to MND, and MRS techniques and their limitations are provided. Use of a whole-brain MRSI approach to fully characterize changes within the brain due to disease is described with a sample dataset obtained in a patient with ALS. Changes in the concentration or ratio of brain metabolites in patients with ALS and their pathophysiological significances are described. Finally, the use of MRS methods for longitudinal and therapeutic evaluation studies and future perspectives are discussed
Comparison of several author indices for gauging academic productivity
No full textBackground
Many author indices exist to gauge academic productivity. Several of these indices are calculated based upon an author's scholarly publication record, but the measurement methodology to calculate each index varies considerably, and the precise function being used, as well as the end result, is often complex and difficult to assess.
Method
Two straightforward methods to weigh author productivity from the publication and citation record were evaluated as possible means for providing a clearer assessment of scholarly activity. The author characteristic index (termed c-index) assigns author rank for each publication based upon author position. The characteristic prime (c') -index normalizes author rank from author position, so that the total weight per publication is unity. The top 10 scholars with keyword 'celiac disease' in the Google Scholar database were then assessed using these metrics. Rankings according to total number of publications, h-index, and c- and c'-indices were compared, then tabulated along with total papers included for assessment, and mean values per paper for author position, number of authors, citations, and year of publication.
Results
The order of the top ten authors with keyword 'celiac disease' varied substantially depending upon whether the h-index, c-index, or c'-index was used as a gauge. The characteristic indices assign credit to authors according to their position in an author list. The affiliated metrics provided a more complete picture of scholarly activity.
Conclusions
Academic achievement by scholars, based upon quantitative publication characteristics, has recently become of interest for evaluating job candidates, for determining work performance, and for bestowing awards and honors. The characteristic indices as described herein are readily calculated and interpreted, and may improve the assessment of scholarly activity
Scientometric Insights into Research Contributions of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
No full textThis study evaluates the research productivity and impact of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology using Scopus data (2001–2021). A total of 4,897 publications receiving 53,059 citations were analyzed with scientometric indicators including AGR, RGR, DT, collaboration measures, authorship, citations, and keywords. Results show a gradual growth in research output, with peak productivity during 2017–2021 and Kumar, A. as the most prolific author (165 publications)
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1H‐NMR Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants for Brain Metabolites
No full textA detailed compilation of
1
H‐NMR chemical shift (
δ
) and coupling constant (
J
) values of 38 low‐molecular‐weight metabolites, found in mammalian brain at physiological or pathological conditions, is presented. These metabolites are detectable using in vivo
1
H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques and include energy metabolites (sources, intermediaries, and products), essential and nonessential amino acids, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, neuro‐modulators, and phospholipid membrane precursors and break‐down products. The values of
δ
and
J
were measured from high‐field NMR data of aqueous solutions of each metabolite acquired at typical physiological temperature and pH conditions. The spectral parameter values (
δ
,
J
) may be used to identify metabolites from their resonances in in vivo spectra, to simulate metabolite spectra or to generate basis functions (i.e., amplitude, frequency, and phase) for spectral fitting, and to optimize parameters in data acquisition sequences in order to improve metabolite quantitation or selectively edit different spectral components
Colloidal engines for innovative tests of information thermodynamics
No full textRecent theoretical developments in information thermodynamics elucidated the link between the acquired information and the entropy production through measurement and feedback control by generalizing the fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics. We summarize here our recent experimental studies based on the colloidal system that have been conducted to test the theoretical findings of information thermodynamics. In particular, we present the design principles of error-free and noisy information engines consisting of a colloidal particle in an optical trap that is capable of performing nearly error-free measurement and ultrafast feedback control. Our perspectives on future experimental studies are also presented. ?? 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Review on Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa- A Comprehensive Treatise of Indian Pharmaceuticals by Govind Sen
No full textVaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa was written by Govind Sen, son of Krishna Vallabh Sen. Vidyotini Hindi Tika was written by Indradev Tripathi. The book Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa consists of almost all references collected from various Samhitas regarding the fundamental principles and different Ayurvedic herbal pharmaceutical preparations and descriptions on Panchakarma. The whole content of the book is divided into 4 Khandas. Prathama khanda deals with Mana paribhasha, Dravya samgrahana vidhi, and shelf life of different Kalpana etc. Dwitiya khanda deals with Panchavidha kashaya kalpana and its Upakalpana and dose. Tritiya khanda deals with Sneha kalpana, Sandhana kalpana and Paribhasha of different Gana. Chaturtha khanda deals with Panchakarma procedures and Sneha murchana. The present book review mainly focuses to highlight the framework of Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa, provides information about the author, details of 4 Khandas, a special contribution to the field of pharmaceutical science by the author. Thus, Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa, the compilation book on Bhaishajya Kalpana is a very essential and mandatory book for those who aspire to gain basic, clear, and thorough knowledge in Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals. It is one of the indispensable reference books. The present book is designed to help the young practitioners who prepare medicines and graduates and post-graduate scholars get a clear idea of medicine preparation
Study of Numerical Solutions for the Deformations of A Bourdon Tube
No full textTitle: Study of Numerical Solutions for the Deformations of A Bourdon Tube, Author: Govind Prashad, Location: ThodeThe objective of this study is to compute numerically the deformations on an elliptical cross-sectional bourdon tube by solving the partial differential equations as presented
by Lee [Reference 12]. The partial differential equations and boundary conditions are reduced to a set of simultaneous linear equations by approximating partial derivatives to the corresponding difference quotients sing finite difference techniques. The next step involves the solution of this set of linear equations. The direct method of inverting the matrix was not possible to the memory limitations of the computer. Therefore, a block iteration technique was used, but it was found that convergence was not possible. The next method evolved was that of double iteration. for this method a convergence test was applied which indicated that convergence was possible, but the rate of convergence was very low. It is not practical to use this method, unless the convergence rate is improved. At the present no method is available to improve the convergence rate effectively. Therefore the study concludes with suggestions that either the convergence rate should be improved by evoking new methods or an entirely new formulation of the problem should be made.ThesisMaster of Engineering (ME
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Evaluation of Pain, Brain Tissue Metabolite and Structural Alterations in Individuals with TBI-related Chronic Pain
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to chronic pain; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition are not fully understood. Chronic pain significantly impacts quality of life and psychosocial function in affected individuals. Therefore, a multimodal evaluation of pain can provide information important for optimal pain management. Thus, the first aim of the present study was to evaluate chronic pain, somatosensory, psychological, and psychosocial function to identify and profile pain phenotypes among adults with closed-head TBI during the chronic injury stage. In addition, we evaluated brain tissue metabolite levels, including N-Acetyl Aspartate, Myo-Inositol, total Choline, and glutamate plus glutamine using whole-brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI). We then compared metabolite levels among healthy control and within the TBI group (pain vs. without pain); and assessed associations between metabolites and clinical variables. Finally, we evaluated microstructural integrity in pain-related brain regions and white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and compared DTI metrics between groups. Our findings indicate the presence of two multidimensional pain phenotypes based on neuropathic pain and anxiety-associated symptoms. Additionally, metabolite and microstructural alterations in pain-related brain regions and neuro-axonal tracts (i.e., frontal region, cingulum, and corticothalamic tract) suggest a combination of pathological conditions, including neuronal and glial alterations in individuals with TBI. However, brain tissue metabolite dysfunction and microstructural alterations seem to be necessary but not sufficient for developing chronic pain.</p
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