379 research outputs found
A replacement name for Macrobrachium aemulum madhusoodani Pillai & Unnikrishnan, 2013, a junior homonym of Macrobrachium madhusoodani Unnikrishnan, Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
No full textPillai, P.M., Unnikrishnan, V. (2013): A replacement name for Macrobrachium aemulum madhusoodani Pillai & Unnikrishnan, 2013, a junior homonym of Macrobrachium madhusoodani Unnikrishnan, Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Zootaxa 3741 (3): 400-400, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3741.3.
Macrobrachium abrahami Pillai, Unnikrishnan & Kumar, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textMacrobrachium abrahami sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Materials examined. Holotype: 1 male (no. 1, table 2) (ZSI/ WGRS /IR/INV 2152), collected from Vamanapuram River (76 ° 53 ΄54.00΄΄E, 8 ° 43 ΄ 23.81 ΄΄N), Kerala, South India, 6 February 2007. Paratypes: 1 male (no. 5, table 2) (ZSI/ WGRS /IR/INV 2153), 6 males (nos. 2 –4, 6– 8) (MGC/TVM/NHM-INV/ 4 / 2012). The holotype and paratype (no. 5) are deposited in the faunal depository of the Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre, Kozhikode, and the paratypes (nos. 2 –4, 6– 8) are stored in the Natural History Museum of the Post Graduate Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Measurement of holotype in mm: total length, 57.0; carapace length, 17.0; length of rostrum, 7.5; length of telson, 7.0; first chelate leg: ischium (i) 3.0; merus (m) 5.0; carpus (c) 6.0; propodus (p) 3.0; dactyl (d) 0.6 Diagnosis. Rostrum: moderately long, distal end directed upwards, rostral formula 12–15 / 2–3, with 5–6 postorbital teeth; carapace smooth. Large second chelate leg: merus less than and propodus more than double ischium length; carpus equal to merus; ischium shortest, propodus longest. Fingers stout with 15 linear denticles on proximal half of cutting edge; pubescence restricted to base of fingers. Small second chelate leg: 6 small denticles at proximal cutting edge of fingers; 1 distal denticle comparatively larger. Dark pigment bands throughout the posterio-dorsal margin of uropodal exopod and endopod, its thickness equals the thickness of uropodal setae. Description. (holotype): Rostrum moderately long, tip over reaching end of antennular peduncle, basal crest not much raised, distal end directed upwards. Dorsal margin of rostrum with 14 teeth, 5 postorbital (table 1). Rostral teeth evenly distributed in all specimens; ventral margin with 2 teeth, short setae between teeth. FIGURE 1. Macrobrachium abrahami sp. nov., specimen no. 1, holotype (male). A, carapace-right lateral view; B, second large chelate; C, 2 nd chela enlarged; D, telson and uropod; E, 3 rd pereiopod, distal part; F, 3 rd pleopod; G, 2 nd pleopod of male; H, 1 st chelate leg. Carapace smooth, hepatic spine situated just below and behind antennal spine (figs. 1 A, 2). Abdomen glabrous, pleurae of somites I–III typical, those of IV and V directed backward, and of VI ending in spine. Telson conical with 2 pairs of spines on dorsal surface, proximal situated midway, and distal at about ¾ length. Posterior end of telson bears 2 pairs of movable spines, outer smaller, inner longer, and overreaching tip of telson; a few plumose setae between the inner pair of spines (fig. 1 D). Antennules typical in structure; outer lateral spine of antennal scale sharp, pointed forwards. First pair of chelate legs slender, tips of chelae over reaching antennal scale when extended. Ischium equal to propodus, shorter than merus; carpus twice as long as ischium, dactylus the shortest. Palm longer than fingers (fig. 1 H). Large second chelate leg strong; 0.72 times total body length; merus less than twice as long as ischium; propodus more than twice ischium. Carpus slightly shorter than merus, ischium shortest, propodus longest (fig. 1 B). Fingers stout, equal, 15 denticles at proximal half of cutting edge, distal end curved, ratio of fingers to palm 1.25: 1 (fig. 1 C). Pubescence restricted to the basal part of fingers; very delicate setae present throughout the palm. Second small chelate leg strong, 0.51 times total body length; ischium shorter than merus, merus shorter than carpus, carpus shorter than chela and slightly longer than palm. Palm equal to fingers; cutting edge of fingers bear 6 small denticles, distal one comparatively larger. Non-chelate legs and pleopods normal in structure for the genus Macrobrachium (fig. 1 E, F). The non-chelate legs progressively increase in length from first to third. Appendix interna more than half as long as appendix masculina, with spinous setae on inner side (fig. 1 G).Published as part of Pillai, P. M., Unnikrishnan, V. & Kumar, U. Suresh, 2014, Description, DNA barcode and phylogeny of a new species, Macrobrachium abrahami (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Kerala, India, pp. 546-556 in Zootaxa 3768 (5) on pages 548-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22763
Description, DNA barcode and phylogeny of a new species, Macrobrachium abrahami (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Kerala, India
No full textPillai, P. M., Unnikrishnan, V., Kumar, U. Suresh (2014): Description, DNA barcode and phylogeny of a new species, Macrobrachium abrahami (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3768 (5): 546-556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.5.
Pseudirona laeopsi Pillai 1964
No full textPseudirona laeopsi Pillai, 1964 Pseudirona laeopsi Pillai, 1964: 222–223, fig. 6.— Trilles, Ravichandran & Rameshkumar, 2011: 453. Type and type locality. Pillai (1964) collected specimens from the gill chamber of Laeops macrophthalmus (Alcock, 1889) from Anchuthengu, Trivandrum, Kerala Coast, Arabian Sea. The author reported that the holotype female is deposited in the Indian Museum but the detail of the accession number is not available in the original description. The present museum inquiries, at the Indian museum, failed to recover any material for P. laeopsi and it seems that the types were either not submitted or it was lost. Remarks. Pseudirona laeopsi was not reported since its original description by Pillai (1964). Pseudirona laeopsi can be distinguished from other cymothoid species by the extremely spiny and setose appendages. Until now the identification of this species is based only on Pillai’s original description and it needs an accurate redescription. Distribution. Trivandrum, Kerala Coast, India (type locality) (Pillai 1964). Host. Known only from type host Laeops macrophthalmus (Alcock, 1889) (Pillai 1964).Published as part of Ravichandran, S., Vigneshwaran, P. & Rameshkumar, G., 2019, A taxonomic review of the fish parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothooidea) of India, pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 4622 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4622.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/337989
Rudiments of materials science
No full textWriting a comprehensive book on Materials Science for the benefit of undergraduate courses in Science and Engineering was a day dream of the first author, Dr. S.O. Pillai for a long period. However, the dream became true after a lapse of couple of years. Lucid and logical exposition of the subject matter is the special feature of this book
Nerocila exocoeti Pillai 1954
No full text<i>Nerocila exocoeti</i> Pillai, 1954 <p>(Fig. 8 a–c)</p> <p> <i>Nerocila exocoeti</i> Pillai, 1954: 12–13.— Kurochkin, 1980: 289.— Bruce, 1987b: 404.— Bruce & Harrison-Nelson, 1988: 592, fig. 4.— Bruce & Bowman, 1989: 1.— Trilles, 1994: 89.— Kensley, 2001: 233.— Trilles, Ravichandran & Rameshkumar, 2011: 451.— Sivasubramanian, Ravichandran, Rameshkumar & Allayie, 2011: 99–101 figs 1–4.— Trilles, Rameshkumar & Ravichandran, 2013: 1273–1286, figs 2c, 7a–i, 8, 9.— Aneesh, Helna, Valarmathi, Chandra & Mitra, 2017c: 385–394, figs 1–7.</p> <p> <i>Nerocila madrasensis</i> Ramakrishna & Ramaniah, 1978: 177 –180, figs 1–3.</p> <p> <b>Type and type locality</b>. The neotype, deposited at National Museum of Natural History, French (MNHN IU- 2009- 1937), from Parangipettai, the Southeastern coast of India, on <i>Exocoetus volitans.</i></p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <i>Neotype</i>: 1 ovig. female (28 mm), Parangipettai, 12 April 2011, from <i>Exocoetus volitans,</i> coll. G. Rameshkumar. (MNHN-IU-2009-1937).</p> <p> <i>Non-type</i>: 3 ovig. females, (24–28 mm), Pazhaiyar, 28 December 2016, from <i>Parexocoetus brachypterus</i>, coll. P. Vigneshwaran (CAS / MBRM 500–502); 1 ovig. female (28 mm), Parangipettai, 22 July 2017, from <i>Exocoetus volitans</i>, coll. S. Ravichandran (ZSI / MBRC D1-542); 2 non-ovig. females (22, 24 mm), Parangipettai, 12 April 2011, from <i>Exocoetus volitans,</i> coll. G. Rameshkumar (CAS / MBRM 506, 507) Southeastern coast of India.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Trilles <i>et al.</i> (2013) redescribed and diagnosed <i>N. exocoeti</i> from the female neotype (MNHN-IU-2009-1937). <i>N. exocoeti</i> can be identified by coxae 2–4, often visible in dorsal view, produced into rounded processes, not exceeding beyond posterior of pereonites; coxae 5–7, much longer than the anterior, posterior margin acute, reaching or extending slightly or distinctly beyond posterior of pereonites. Pleotelson long as wide, lateral margins convex, converging to an indistinct apical point, and that the entire body is blackish blue in color with many chromatophores.</p> <p> <i>Nerocila exocoeti</i> was identified by Pillai (1954) from a large number of specimens in all stages of development collected on <i>Parexocoetus brachypterus</i> from Travancore, India. However, no figures have been published. The author specified only that the main distinguishing character of this species is the comparative size of the coxal plates, the second being small, not extending beyond the posterior border of the segment and the seventh reaching the tip of the first pleon segment, and that the entire body is steel blue in color. Males were collected but not described by Pillai (1954). <i>N. exocoeti</i> was later collected on <i>P. brachypterus</i> and <i>Scomberomorus multiradiatus</i> (gut contents?) from Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and Taiwan by Bruce & Harrisson-Nelson (1988). Only <i>N. exocoeti</i> and <i>N. trichiuri</i> have been collected from fishes belonging to the family Exocoetidae and both of these species are readily distinguished from each other. In <i>N. exocoeti</i> the uropods are much longer, exopod and endopod extending far beyond the distal margin of pleotelson. In <i>N. trichiuri</i> the coxae and postero-lateral angles of pereonites bluntly rounded and the live specimens of <i>N. trichiuri</i> are pale in colour.</p> <p> <i>Nerocila madrasensis</i> was poorly described by Ramakrishna & Ramaniah (1978) who suggested that this species resembles to <i>N. serra</i> and <i>N. trichiura</i>. Possibly related to <i>N. trichiura</i> according to Bruce (1987a), <i>N. madrasensis</i> and <i>N. trichiura</i> were provisionally synonymized by Trilles (1994) and Trilles <i>et al.</i> (2011). Recently <i>N. madrasensis</i> has been considered as a junior synonym of <i>N. exocoeti</i> based on the type specimen by Aneesh <i>et al.</i> (2017c).</p> <p> <b>Colour.</b> The entire body is steel blue in colour withmany chromatophores (Pillai, 1954).</p> <p> <b>Size.</b> Non-ovig. females 24–28 mm; ovig. females 22–24 mm.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. This species extended from southem India (Pillai 1954; Trilles <i>et al.</i> 2013; Aneesh <i>et al.</i> 2017c) to Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and Taiwan (Bruce & Harrisson-Nelson 1988).</p> <p> <b>Host.</b> Only known from the beloniform hosts family Exocoetidae: <i>Parexocoetus brachypterus</i> (Pillai 1954; Bruce & Harrisson-Nelson 1988), <i>Exocoetus volitans</i> (Sivasubramanian <i>et al.</i> 2011; Trilles <i>et al.</i> 2013) and family Hemiramphidae: <i>Hemiramphus</i> sp. (Ramakrishna & Ramaniah 1978) and <i>Rhynchorhamphus malabaricus</i> Collette, 1976 (Aneesh <i>et al.</i> 2017).</p>Published as part of <i>Ravichandran, S., Vigneshwaran, P. & Rameshkumar, G., 2019, A taxonomic review of the fish parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothooidea) of India, pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 4622 (1)</i> on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4622.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3379899">http://zenodo.org/record/3379899</a>
Proverbs in Pillai Thamizh (A genre in Tamil Literature)
No full textProverbs is an archaic language and it is rich in simplicity, antiquity and sweetness. Proverbs are in use since ancient times itself. Earlier proverbs are used by the people on daily basis to express their culture. Proverbs are the result of people’s experience. Proverbs are used on daily basis because of its clarity, brevity and relevance. Tholkappiyam, is an ancient grammar text here the author defines proverbs as, it is nothing but a two-line sentence which gives the perfect meaning. Proverbs are used by all people in their day to day life. Human life, their feelings and knowledge are the central theme in proverbs. Proverbs can be considered to be the best in oral literature. Proverbs helps people to develop their intellectual and thinking power. Therefore, Tamil proverbs are considered as the encyclopedia of Tamil people. This article explains the importance of proverbs in ‘Pillai Thamizh’
BIOGRAPHY OF T.V.SAMBASIVAM PILLAI AND AN ANALYSIS OF HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
No full textT.V.Sambasivam pillai, the acclaimed author, of the Cyclopaedic Dictionary is well known in the field of Indian Medicine especially Siddha medicine. Cyclopaedic Dictionary is considered as one of the great treasures of the Siddha system. Neither did he possess a basic medical degree nor he hailed from a family with medical background but his depth of knowledge in the Siddha system is highly commendable. He spent his entire life contributing and deciphering the ancient literatures of the Siddha system. This article is a tribute to his dedication, aspiration, devotion, and sacrifice for the Siddha system of Medicine and aids in highlighting the excerpts of the Cyclopaedic Dictionary
Invasive Saccharomyces cerevisiae infection: A friend turning foe?
No full textWe report a very rare case of acute pyelonephritis in a 51-year-old female with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes caused by a normally benign and a well-known human commensal organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is very often prescribed as a probiotic in modern medical practice. The causal role of S. cerevisiae was confirmed by its isolation in blood, urine, stool as well as vaginal swabs thus proving its virulent nature in suitable situations
A new parasitic copepod, Caligus krishnai, from the mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis affinis (Cantor)
No full textSeveral species of the genus Caligus parasitic on South Indian fishes have been
described by Pillai (Pillai, 1961 ; 1963 and 1964). The species described in this
paper was identified as Caligus kuroshio Shiino by Pillai (1963). The present author
considers this as a new species. Figures are omitted as Pillai (1963) has given
detailed illustrations
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