138 research outputs found
Model Simulation of “Sawah-Kolam” System for Rainwater Harvesting to Support Rainfed Paddy Production
Get PDFModel Simulation of “Sawah-Kolam” System for Rainwater Harvesting to Support Rainfed Paddy Production (S Triyono, Zeovany, Oktafri, and B Rosadi): The study was used to evaluate whether rainwater could be harvested and used to meet water demand of rainfed paddy. As generally known, yield of rainfed paddy was low compared to that of irrigated paddy. The study was performed by simulating a model of “Sawah-Kolam” system. Daily 10 year climatological data from Metro City of Lampung Province was used in the study. The program was written in Professional VisSim 4.0. Three scenarios of alternative planting schedules (January, February, and March) were tested. Results implied that without a collection system, rainwater might not be sufficient to grow rainfed paddy. It was demonstrated that “Sawah-Kolam” system was capable of sufficing water requirement of rainfed paddy. Huge rainwater of more than 90% could be saved, thus reducing a lot of runoff volume. In term of pond size, February appeared to be the most optimum growing season of all other months for Metro City, in that the pond area (1,400 m2) required was the smallest
Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester
No full textThe efficiency of biogas production in semi-continuous anaerobic digester is influenced by several factors, among other is loading rate. This research aimed at determining the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the biogas yield. Experiment was conducted using lab scale self-designed anaerobic digester of 36-L capacity with substrate of a mixture of fresh cow dung and water at a ratio of 1:1. Experiment was run with substrate initial amount of 25 L and five treatment variations of HRT, namely 1.31 gVS/L/d (P1), 2.47 gVS/L/d (P2), 3.82 gVS/L/d (P3), 5.35 gVS/L/d (P4) and 6.67 gVS/L/d (P5). Digester performance including pH, temperature, and biogas yield was measured every day. After stable condition was achieved, biogas composition was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. A 10-day moving average analysis of biogas production was performed to compare biogas yield of each treatment. Results showed that digesters run quite well with average pH of 6.8-7.0 and average daily temperature 28.7-29.1. The best biogas productivity (77.32 L/kg VSremoval) was found in P1 treatment (organic loading rate of 1.31 g/L/d) with biogas yield of 7.23 L/d. With methane content of 57.23% treatment P1 also produce the highest methane yield. Biogas production showed a stable rate after the day of 44. Modified Gompertz kinetic equation is suitable to model daily biogas yield as a function of digestion time.
Article History: Received March 24th 2018; Received in revised form June 2nd 2018; Accepted June 16th 2018; Available online
How to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Triyono, S., and Wicaksono, N.H. (2018) Effect of Loading Rate on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 93-100.
https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.93-10
Gender Dominance Portrayed in Indonesian ELT Textbook for Junior High School Students
No full textIn general, people view a man and a woman differently. Crawford
(2004)states that women‟s occupations are associated with their gentle and other
feminine characteristics, while men‟s jobs are related to their strengths and
masculinities. Thus, there is stillexistence of gender inequality practices in
society. Due to this, the gender issue is still important to be examined, particularly
in English textbooks. Because when there is inequality representation between
man and woman in the textbook, then it will contribute to slow down the process
of establishing equality among people. To minimize the gender bias portrayed in
ELT textbook, the researcher sketches out the literature in analyzing gender
dominance in ELT textbook, such as gender equality and its practices in
Indonesia, and gender equality materials in ELT textbooks.
Gender equality does not mean that women and men should become the
same, but that women‟s and men‟s rights, responsibilities, and opportunities will
not depend on whether or not they are born male or female. When gender equality
exists, a society equally values men‟s and women‟s similarities and differences.
However, the practice of gender inequality in Indonesia is found in many sectors
according to The Global Gender Gap Report, 2014.Almost in all aspects of life,
women are not much better than men. Due to this, the textbook plays a leading
role in making a mental image of males and females in society (Greshuny, 1977;
Kobia, 2009). As textbooks play a crucial role as the main reference which
supports and influence the whole learning activities especially for the students,
then a balanced portrayal of gender in ELT textbooks should be improved.
The gender dominance was analyzed including female/male pictures,
female/male mentioned, female/male roles, female/male games, and female/male
role models (Longsdon, 1985).In this study, the content of the English textbook
was analyzed through the representation of the images which contain gender
dominance by using visual semiotic of Roland Barthes which contain two layers
(denotation and connotation).The textbook analyzed was entitled BahasaInggris
When English Rings the Bell SMP/MTs Kelas VIII. There were five steps of
procedure analysis, they were identification, code, analysis, interpret, and
discussion.
The result of analysis based on Longsdon (1985) aspects, the findings
reveal that the textbook male dominated in three aspects consisting of
female/male pictures, female/male mentioned, and female/male roles, while in the
aspect of female/male games there was balanced number representation and in the
aspect of female/male role model, the representation of female was outnumbered
of male. From the visual semiotic analysis, the result of analysis demonstrated that
in the textbook selected in this study represented where man had more
opportunities in almost all aspects discussed, however the portrayal of woman was
appeared as having opportunity such as higher education in some aspects
analyzed.
In short, the aims of schools textbooks should reduce portrayal of gender
bias in society and culture. This would demonstrate both men and women that are
competent and can be equally good if both are provided with equal opportunities.
Furthermore, the researcher hopes that this study will be useful as information for
English teachers, textbook author, and other textbook analysts who want to
analyze another different textbook particularly in Indonesia
Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to evaluate economic benefit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester. Research was conducted at two villages in Lampung Province, namely Marga Lestari, District of South Lampung and Pesawaran Indah, District of Pesawaran. Economic benefit and GHG emission reduction potential were evaluated from LPG saving due to biogas utilisation for cooking and fertilizer substitution by slurry digestate. Results showed that a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester demonstrated a good potential to reduce GHG emission, but not in economic. A digester with 4 heads of cow produced biogas at a rate of 1582 L/day. With average methane content of 53.6%, energy value of the biogas was equivalent to 167 kg LPG and able to substitute 52 bottles LPG annually. A family-scale biogas contributed 108.1 USD/year and potentially reduced GHG emission by 5292.5 kg CO2e/year resulted from biomethane potential, LPG, and fertilizer savings.Article History: Received November 15th 2016; Received in revised form January 16th 2017; Accepted February 2nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Cahyani, D., Triyono, S., Murdapa, F., and Haryono, D. (2017) Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6(1), 29-36.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.29-36</jats:p
Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester
No full textThe objective of this research was to evaluate economic benefit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester. Research was conducted at two villages in Lampung Province, namely Marga Lestari, District of South Lampung and Pesawaran Indah, District of Pesawaran. Economic benefit and GHG emission reduction potential were evaluated from LPG saving due to biogas utilisation for cooking and fertilizer substitution by slurry digestate. Results showed that a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester demonstrated a good potential to reduce GHG emission, but not in economic. A digester with 4 heads of cow produced biogas at a rate of 1582 L/day. With average methane content of 53.6%, energy value of the biogas was equivalent to 167 kg LPG and able to substitute 52 bottles LPG annually. A family-scale biogas contributed 108.1 USD/year and potentially reduced GHG emission by 5292.5 kg CO2e/year resulted from biomethane potential, LPG, and fertilizer savings.
Keywords: biogas; cowdung; greenhouse gas; economy; benefit
Article History: Received November 15th 2016; Received in revised form January 16th 2017; Accepted February 2nd 2017; Available online
How to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Cahyani, D., Triyono, S., Murdapa, F., and Haryono, D. (2) Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6(1), 29-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.29-3
LAPORAN INDIVIDU PRAKTIK LAPANGAN TERBIMBING (PLT) SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 4 YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFPraktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PLT) merupakan kegiatan yang digunakan
sebagai media pengaplikasian hasil belajar mahasiswa selama di bangku kuliah.
Kegiatan ini sebagai tindak lanjut dari kegiatan micro teaching serta dipergunakan
untuk mencari ilmu yang bersifat konkret. Kegiatan PLT dapat bertujuan untuk
memberikan pengalaman nyata dan langsung kepada mahasiswa sebagai calon
pendidik, sehingga mahasiswa dapat mengambil pembelajarannya sebagai sarana
pengembangan kemampuan.
Kegiatan PLT ini dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa kependidikan di Universitas
Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) dengan melakukan praktik langsung ke sekolah-sekolah
sebagai pendidik. Sekolah yang digunakan sebagai tempat praktik ini adalah SMP
Negeri 4 Yogyakarta, yang dilaksanakan mulai dari tanggal 15 September 2017
hingga tanggal 15 November 2017.
Pengajaran di kelas diharapkan mampu memenuhi syarat 4 kali mengajar
terbimbing dan 4 kali mengajar mandiri, atau dapat melaksanakan 8 kali mengajar.
Pada pelaksanaannya penyusun yang berasal dari Jurusan Pendidikan
Kewarganegaraan mendapat jatah mengajar kelas VIII C dan VIII D. Metode yang
digunakan dalam pengajaran di kelas antara lain diskusi kelompok, observasi, dan
tanya jawab. Media yang digunakan berupa audio video, powerpoint, dan media
nonelektonik (LK, kertas manila, stiky note).
Secara umum semua kegiatan dapat terlaksana dengan baik, namun terdapat
beberapa kendala seperti sulitnya mengatur siswa yang terlalu aktif sendiri dan
kurang memperhatikan pelajaran. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan memberikan
nasihat dan perhatian lebih kepada siswa. Terselesaikannya kegiatan PLT ini
diharapkan dapat menciptakan tenaga pendidik yang professional dan berkualitas
yang mampu menjadikan dunia pendidikan lebih baik
Developing a Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to develop a family-size biogas-fueled electricity generating system consisting of anaerobic digester, bio-filter scrubber, and power generating engine. Biogas was produced from a pilot scale wet anaerobic digester (5-m3 capacity). The biogas was filtered using bio-scrubber column filled with locally made compost to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content. Biogas composition was analysed using a gas chromatograph and its H2S level was measured using a H2S detector. A 750-W four stroke power generating engine was used with 100% biogas. Biogas consumed by the generator engine was measured at different load from 100 to 700 W (13.3 to 93.3% of the rated power). Three replications for each load experiment were taken. Results showed that the total biogas yield was 1.91 m3/day with methane content of 56.48% by volume. Bio-filter successfully reduced H2S content in the biogas by 98% (from 400 ppm to 9 ppm). Generator engine showed good performance during the test with average biogas consumption of 415.3 L/h. Specific biogas consumption decreased from 5.05 L/Wh to 1.15 L/Wh at loads of 100 W to 700 W, respectively. Thermal efficiency increased with loads from 6.4% at 100 W to 28.1 at 700 W. The highest thermal efficiency of 30% was achieved at a load of 600 W (80% of the rated power) with specific biogas consumption of 1.07 L/Wh.Article History: Received Janury 16th 2017; Received in revised form 2nd June 2017; Accepted 18th June 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Marotin, F., Triyono, S., Hasanudin, U. (2017), Developing A Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 111-118.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.111-11
A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE CHILDREN’S S TORYBOOK ENTITLED THE SECRET LIFE OF MS WIZ BY TERENCE BLACKER
Get PDFThe focus of this research is the translation analysis of colloquial
expressions in the children’s storybook entitled The Secret Life of Ms Wiz by
Terence Blacker. The objectives of this study are to find out the types of
colloquial expression, to find out the translation techniques used by the translator
to translate colloquial expression, and to know the effect of the translation
techniques used on the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy and
acceptability.
This research used a descriptive-qualitative and quantitative method and
was designed as a single-embedded case study. It used document and informant
sources. Total sampling was applied to collect the data. The data were obtained by
using content analysis and questionnaire. In content analysis, the researcher
collected the data by selecting the dialogues among the characters containing
colloquial expressions. The data found were 247 data. The form of questionnaire
was a close-open ended. The questionnaire was distributed to three raters who are
translation experts.
The research findings from 247 data show that: (1) there are four types of
colloquial exp ressions found in the children’s storybook. They are 45 data of
single words, 2 data of clipped words, 191 data of contractions, and 9 data of
verb-adverb combinations; (2) there are eleven translation techniques found in the
children’s story book. They are adap tation (2 data), amplification (15 data),
borrowing (12 data), calque (43 data), generalization (one datum), literal
translation (27 data), modulation (12 data), reduction (137 data), deletion (15
data), transposition (29 data), and synonym (9 data); (3) the quality translation of
colloquial expression in the children’s storybook, The Secret Life of Ms Wiz, are
(a) from the accuracy point of view, there are 230 or 93.1% accurate data, 16 or
6.5% less accurate data, and one or 0.4% inaccurate datum. The average score of
the mean for accuracy is 1.08 meaning that the translation is accurate; (b) from the
acceptability point of view, 226 data or 91.5% are acceptable, 13 data or 5.3% are
less acceptable, and 8 data or 3.2% are unacceptable. The average score of the
mean for acceptability is 1.12 meaning that the translation is acceptable; (c) the
most accurate technique is reduction which contributes the major data (132 data)
of 230 accurate data. The least accurate technique is deletion which contributes
one inaccurate datum of one inaccurate datum found; (d) the most acceptable
technique is reduction which contributes the major data (135 data) of 226
acceptable data. The least acceptable technique is borrowing which contributes the
major data (7 data) of 8 unacceptable data.
This research can be used as an input for lecturers to give the
understanding about colloquial expression to the students. This research is
expected to give additional information for students, especially English
Department students, about colloquial expression that can improve their
knowledge. Hopefully, there will be further research of colloquial expression
CONTINUOUS SIMULATION OF GROUNDWATER USE AND EFFLUENT DISCHARGE IN CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) PONDS AT FIVE LOCATIONS IN THE SOUTHEAST U.S.
Get PDFLong-term climatological data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a drop/add management strategy to reduce groundwater use and effluent discharge in catfish ponds in the southeast U.S.. A drop/add approach is based on the creation of a storage volume in the pond for rainfall collection. The storage volume is created by allowing water level in the pond to decrease until some minimum level is reached. When the minimum level is reached, the pond is partly refilled, leaving the remaining volume available to capture incident precipitation. In this way, the role of precipitation in the water budget is increased. In the process, groundwater use and effluent release both become smaller. The data consisted of 45 year precipitation and evaporation records from Fairhope, AL; Clemson, SC; Stoneville, MS, Stuttgart, AR; and Thomsons, TX. The data were used in a water balance levee pond model that included precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, overflow, groundwater pumping, and draining. The model appeared to indicate that the drop/add management scheme is an effective strategy to reduce groundwater use and effluent discharge. The simulated results showed that variation of climate in the southeast U.S. was an important determinant of performance of the drop/add management scheme. At locations with positive P-0.8E, zero groundwater use could be achieved with low drop depths. At location with negative P-0.8E, zero groundwater use could be achieved for about 50% of the 45 simulated years. The model also indicated that effluent discharge cannot be avoided at most locations except at location with very low (negative) P-0.8E. The model also indicated that 65 to 100% of annual precipitation (depending on the P-0.8E?s of the locations) can be captured and used in the ponds. Rainwater contribution to the total water budget ranged from 90 to 100%. The sensitivity analysis showed that model sensitivity to pan coefficient and infiltration rate was affected by infiltration rate and pond water storage capacity (drop depth). The model was more sensitive to pan coefficient rather than to infiltration rate at lower infiltration rates and vice-versa.Both sensitivities of the model, however, increased when pond water deeper storage capacity was used
Developing A Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System
No full textThe purpose of this study is to develop a family-size biogas-fueled electricity generating system consisting of anaerobic digester, bio-filter scrubber, and power generating engine. Biogas was produced from a pilot scale wet anaerobic digester (5-m3 capacity). The biogas was filtered using bio-scrubber column filled with locally made compost to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content. Biogas composition was analysed using a gas chromatograph and its H2S level was measured using a H2S detector. A 750-W four stroke power generating engine was used with 100% biogas. Biogas consumed by the generator engine was measured at different load from 100 to 700 W (13.3 to 93.3% of the rated power). Three replications for each load experiment were taken. Results showed that the total biogas yield was 1.91 m3/day with methane content of 56.48% by volume. Bio-filter successfully reduced H2S content in the biogas by 98% (from 400 ppm to 9 ppm). Generator engine showed good performance during the test with average biogas consumption of 415.3 L/h. Specific biogas consumption decreased from 5.05 L/Wh to 1.15 L/Wh at loads of 100 W to 700 W, respectively. Thermal efficiency increased with loads from 6.4% at 100 W to 28.1 at 700 W. The highest thermal efficiency of 30% was achieved at a load of 600 W (80% of the rated power) with specific biogas consumption of 1.07 L/Wh. Keywords: biogas; family size; generator; electricity; bio-filter. Article History: Received Janury 16th 2017; Received in revised form 2nd June 2017; Accepted 18th June 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Marotin, F., Triyono, S., Hasanudin, U. (2017), Developing A Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 6(2), 111-118.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.111-118</jats:p
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