331,145 research outputs found
MÉTODOS EDUCACIONAIS NAS DINASTIAS LY E TRAN:: CONCLUSÕES E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO VIETNAMITA ATUAL
No full textLy and Tran were the two longest dynasties in Vietnam\u27s feudal history and flourished in all fields: military, economy, culture, art, architecture, and education. In addition to the work of defending the country of Dai Viet\u27s army and people during the Ly and Tran dynasties, the educational ideology of this period, including educational methods, met and matched the characteristics and requirements of Dai Viet society at that time. It is also a notable highlight of the Ly and Tran dynasties. The article analyzes and clarifies the educational methods of the Ly - Tran dynasties in Vietnam, thereby providing comments and its significance for Vietnamese education today. Accordingly, the educational method of the Ly - Tran dynasties focused on two main methods: the "teacher reads - student copies" method, memorizing ancient histories and ancient texts, and the question and answer method, the method be a lesson for. The research also draws three observations and two meanings (focusing on exemplary methods in education; exams to select talented people for the country) when learning about educational methods during the Ly and Tran dynasties. The limitation of this study is that it has not shown and analyzed the characteristics of the educational methods of the Ly - Tran dynasties. The article is structured in three parts: (1) Educational methods of the Ly - Tran dynasties in Vietnam; (2) Some observations drawn when learning about educational methods during the Ly and Tran dynasties; (3) The significance for current Vietnamese education when learning about the educational methods of the Ly - Tran dynasties in Vietnam today.Ly e Tran foram as duas dinastias mais longas da história feudal do Vietnã e floresceram em todos os campos: militar, econômico, cultural, artístico, arquitetônico e educacional. Além do trabalho de defesa do país do exército e do povo do Dai Viet durante as dinastias Ly e Tran, a ideologia educacional desse período, incluindo os métodos educacionais, atendia e correspondia às características e exigências da sociedade do Dai Viet naquela época. É também um destaque notável das dinastias Ly e Tran. O artigo analisa e esclarece os métodos educacionais das dinastias Ly e Tran no Vietnã, fornecendo, assim, comentários e sua importância para a educação vietnamita atual. Assim, o método educacional das dinastias Ly e Tran se concentrava em dois métodos principais: o método "o professor lê - o aluno copia", memorizando histórias e textos antigos, e o método de perguntas e respostas, o método de ser uma lição para. A pesquisa também extrai três observações e dois significados (foco em métodos exemplares na educação; exames para selecionar pessoas talentosas para o país) ao aprender sobre métodos educacionais durante as dinastias Ly e Tran. A limitação deste estudo é que ele não mostrou e analisou as características dos métodos educacionais das dinastias Ly e Tran. O artigo está estruturado em três partes: (1) Métodos educacionais das dinastias Ly e Tran no Vietnã; (2) Algumas observações feitas ao aprender sobre os métodos educacionais durante as dinastias Ly e Tran; (3) A importância para a educação vietnamita atual ao aprender sobre os métodos educacionais das dinastias Ly e Tran no Vietnã de hoje.
 
E. M. Tran, 45th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textE. M. Tran is a Vietnamese American writer. Her debut novel, DAUGHTERS OF THE NEW YEAR, is forthcoming from Hanover Square/HarperCollins. Her stories, essays, and reviews can be found in such places as Joyland Magazine, the Los Angeles Review of Books, and Harvard Review Online. Her essay for Prairie Schooner won their Summer Nonfiction Prize, a Glenna Luschei Award, and was listed as a Notable Essay in Best American Essays 2018. She completed an MFA at University of Mississippi and a Ph.D. in Creative Writing at Ohio University. She was born, raised, and currently lives in New Orleans, Louisiana with her husband and two dogs
Rhyacobates gongvo Tran & Yang 2006
No full textRhyacobates gongvo Tran & Yang, 2006 (Figs. 41, 42) Rhyacobates gongvo Tran & Yang, 2006: 16 –19, Figs. 17 –25, 28 (type locality: Sa Pa, Lao Cai Prov., Vietnam). Material examined. For holotype and paratypes, see Tran & Yang (2006). Others: VIETNAM: Lao Cai Prov.: 1 female (apterous), Sa Pa, Nam Sai, Seo Nam Sai stream 1, 22° 15.761 ’N 103 ° 55.909 ’E, 844 m asl., coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 24 October 2012, DNH 12.09 (ZMHU); 1 female (apterous), Sa Pa, Nam Sai, Seo Nam Sai stream 2, 22° 14.67 ’N 103 ° 59.541 ’E, 469 m asl., coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 24 October 2012, DNH 12.10 (ZNHU); 6 males, 5 females (apterous), 2 males (macropterous, de-alated), Sa Pa, Ban Ho, Ban Den, Nam Pu stream (feeder stream of Muong Hoa stream), 22 ° 15.709 ’N 103 ° 58.054 ’E, 416 m asl., coll. Tran A.D. et al., 29 May 2013, TAD 1316 (ZMHU); 1 male, 2 females (apterous), Sa Pa, Thanh Phu, Nam Cang stream, 22 ° 15.401 ’N 103 ° 58.866 ’E, 398 m asl., coll. Tran A.D. et al., 26 October 2013, TAD 1359 (ZMHU); 13 males, 4 females (apterous), Sa Pa, Ban Ho, Nam Pu stream (feeder stream of Muong Hoa stream), site 1, at lower section, 22 ° 15.778 ’N 103 ° 58.270 ’E, 404 m asl., coll. Tran A.D. et al., 26 October 2013, TAD 1361 (ZMHU); 1 female (apterous), Sa Pa, Cat Cat, Ho stream (feeder stream of Muong Hoa stream), 22 ° 19.546 ’N 103 ° 49.880 ’E, 1233 m asl., coll. Tran A.D. et al., 27 October 2013, TAD 1366 (ZMHU). Size. Males, length 6.2–6.5 (allotype 6.5), width 1.88–2.20 (apterous), length 6.4, width 1.97 (macropterous, de-alated); females, length 7.8–8.3 (holotype 8.3), width 2.52–2.67 (holotype 2.52) (apterous), length 7.5, width 2.44 (macropterous, de-alated). Remarks. Rhyacobates gongvo differs from other species of Rhyacobates by the following diagnostic characteristics: in the apterous morph, the mesonotum has a median yellow stripe on the posterior three quarters; the male proctiger has small angular projections on each side (see Tran & Yang 2006: Fig. 22); the male paramere is relatively long and slender, not setose (see Tran & Yang 2006: Figs. 24, 25); the abdomen of the female is elongate and straight (length about 0.4 times body length), the posterior part of sternum 7 is slightly depressed dorsoventrally (see Tran & Yang 2006: Fig. 17); sternum 7 of the female does not totally enclose the genital segments, the posterior margin is straight and without a process, and the connexival projections are long, straight, and flat (see Tran & Yang 2006: Figs. 18–20). Rhyacobates gongvo is relatively similar to R. malaisei Andersen & Chen, 1995, but can be separated from the latter by the diagnosis above (for a comparison between these two species, see Tran & Yang 2006: 18–19). Habitats. See Fig. 40; also see Tran & Yang (2006: 18). Distribution. Vietnam: Lao Cai.Published as part of Tran, A. D. & Nguyen, X. Q., 2016, Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam, pp. 501-516 in Zootaxa 4121 (5) on page 513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27168
Tarzia, L., McKenzie, M., Forbes-Mewett, H., Tran, L.T., Murdolo, A., Navarro Medel, C., Ezer, P., Tran, G., Hach, M., McLindon, E. & Hegarty, K. (2025). Sex and relationships: Understanding your rights in Australia. The University of Melbourne.
No full textTarzia, L., McKenzie, M., Forbes-Mewett, H., Tran, L.T., Murdolo, A., Navarro Medel, C., Ezer, P., Tran, G., Hach, M., McLindon, E. & Hegarty, K. (2025). Sex and relationships: Understanding your rights in Australia. The University of Melbourne
A new block-based approach for the analysis of damage in masonries undergoing large deformations
No full textA new block-based elasto-damage model for describing masonry structures has been recently proposed (Tran et al. in Mech Res Commun 118:103802, 2021), where the used constitutive elastic and damage behavioral laws were inspired from granular micromechanics. Preliminary results hinted at the realistic masonry deformation modes which could be obtained, as well as the importance of the damaging characteristic lengths featured in the model. The present work is an extension of that previous paper and presents a more detailed derivation of the model, along with a finer parametric study of the damaging characteristic lengths. Qualitative results hint at how those characteristic lengths allow to model interactions between normal and tangential deformations of the mortar, thus opening the way for future development and quantitative studies of the model
TRAN HONG THUAN
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :신경과학기술과정,2019. 2I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5
A. Generation of mkrn1 mutants and fly strains 5
C. Measurement of developmental speed 7
D. RT-PCR analysis 7
E. Western blot analysis 9
F. Immunostaining 10
III. RESULTS 11
A. Loss of MKRN1 delayed development 11
B. Knockdown of mkrn1 paralogs did not produce developmental delay 18
C. Ecdysone synthesizing enzyme expression was reduced in MKRN1 null larvae. 22
IV. Discussion 29
V. Conclusion 34
VI. References 37MasterCentral mechanism for the coordination of growth and sexual maturation is well conserved among invertebrates and vertebrates. While mutations in the gene encoding makorin RING finger protein 3 (mkrn3) have been reported to associate with central precocious puberty in human, causal relationship has not been elucidated. Here, we examine the role of mkrn1, a Drosophila ortholog of mammalian makorin genes in the regulation of developmental timing. Loss of MKRN1 in the mkrn1exS prolonged 3rd instar stage and delayed pupariation timing resulting in bigger size pupae. MKRN1 was expressed in the prothoracic gland in which steroid hormone ecdysone is produced. In mkrn1exS larvae, phantom, which encodes ecdysone- synthesizing enzyme and E74, which is the downstream target of ecdysone, mRNA levels were reduced. Collectively, these results indicate that MKRN1 functions to fine-tune the developmental timing and sexual maturation via affecting ecdysone synthesis in Drosophila. Moreover, our study supports the notion that malfunction of makorin gene family member, mkrn3 cause the puberty timing dysregulation in mammals
Metrocoris quynhi Tran & Zettel 2005
No full text<i>Metrocoris quynhi</i> Tran & Zettel, 2005 <p>(Figs. 10, 11, 35, 66–70)</p> <p> <i>Metrocoris quynhi</i> Tran & Zettel, 2005: 45–48, Figs. 10–17, 25, 28, 29 (type locality: Sa Pa, Lao Cai, Vietnam).</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Holotype</b> and <b>paratypes</b>: see Tran & Zettel (2005).</p> <p> Others – VIETNAM: <b>Lao Cai Prov.:</b> 1 female (apt), Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N’Park, Nui Xe, upstream of Suoi Vang, coll. Tran A.D., 4 July 2004, TAD0416 (ZRC); 5 males, 25 females (apt), 4 males, 6 females (mpt), Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N’Park, Nui Xe, Suoi Vang, coll. Tran A.D., 4 July 2004, TAD0417 (ZRC); 2 males, 1 female (apt), 1 immature, crest of pass N. of Mt. Fan Si Pan, 18 km NW. of Sa Pa on Lai Chau road, 1980 m asl, 22°21′10″N, 103°45′57″E, water temp. 16°C, 8 April 2000, 09:00–11:00 hrs., CL 4400, coll. D.A. Polhemus, J.T. Polhemus & P. Nguyen (USNM); 2 males, 5 females (apt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, small feeder of Vang stream, near waterfall, coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 23 April 2011, DNH11.05 (ZMHU); 1 male, 1 female (apt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, Vang stream, coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 23 April 2011, DNH11.06 (ZMHU); 2 males, 6 females (apt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, feeder stream of Vang stream, coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 23 April 2011, DNH11.07 (ZMHU); 3 males, 1 female (apt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, northward feeder stream of Vang stream, coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 23 April 2011, DNH11.09 (ZMHU); 1 female (apt), Sa Pa, Trung Chai, km 119 Nat. Road #4D, Mong Sen stream, coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 25 April 2011, DNH11.15 (ZMHU); 1 male (apt), Sa Pa, Nam Cang, Nam Cang stream, coll. Dinh N.H. et al., 23 October 2012, DNH12.08 (ZMHU); 5 males, 2 females (apt), 6 males, 5 females (mpt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, Vang stream and its feeders, coll. Tran A.D., 30 May 2013, TAD1319 (ZMHU); 3 males, 3 females (apt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, Vang stream, coll. Tran A.D. et al., 25 October 2013, TAD1356 (ZMHU); 12 males, 17 females (apt), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, feeder stream of Vang stream, coll. Tran A.D. et al., 25 October 2013, TAD1357 (ZMHU); 5 males, 5 females (apt), Sa Pa, stream from waterfall by roadside from Nui Xe to Sa Pa town, ca. 13 km from Sa Pa, coll. Tran A.D. et al., 25 October 2013, TAD1358 (ZMHU). <b>Lai Chau Prov.:</b> 1 male, 1 female (apt), Tam Duong, stream at San Xa Ho bridge, km 85 Nat. Road #4D, coll. Tran A.D., 31 May 2013, TAD1323 (ZMHU).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Male: fore femur incrassate (ratio length/width 3.22–3.67), distal one-third constricted, but without distinct ventral indentation, with bipartite apical tooth, of which the distal part is the elevated rim of the ventral surface; inner face of fore tibia with subbasal tooth-like elevation (Fig. 66). Male genitalia: abdominal segment 8 large (see Tran & Zettel, 2005: Fig. 11); pygophore, on dorsal view, prolonged and subapically constricted, with apical margin straight, and with straight, slender dorsolateral process (Figs. 67, 68); proctiger long, with narrow distal part (Fig. 68); paramere hook-shaped, apically pointed (Figs. 35, 69); endosoma: dorsal sclerite long and recurved proximally, apical accessory sclerite indistinct, lateral sclerite straight, ventral sclerite long (see Tran & Zettel, 2005: Figs. 15, 16). Abdomen of female: sternum 7 (Fig. 70) with large medial lobe; lateral parts with longitudinal ridge from anterior end of incision to hind margin, and with small, mediad directed, wing-shaped lobes covering most-lateral parts of medial lobe; medial lobe subtrapezoidal, with distinctly notched hind margin, slanted dorsocaudad; on dorsal view, tergum 7 small, hidden under tergum 6.</p> <p>Size: apterous males: length 6.3–7.0 (holotype 6.6), width 3.03–3.25 (holotype 3.10), macropterous males: length 6.4–6.5, width 3.00–3.30; apterous females: length 5.4–5.8 (allotype 5.45), width 3.30–3.40 (allotype 3.40), macropterous females: length 5.0–5.5, width 3.01–3.30.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Metrocoris quynhi</i> belongs to the <i>M. anderseni</i> species group (sensu Chen & Nieser, 1993) and is the first species of this group found in Vietnam. The morphological characteristics of the <i>M. anderseni</i> group and a detailed comparison of <i>Metrocoris quynhi</i> to other members of this group has already been provided by Tran & Zettel (2005: 44–45).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Vietnam: Lao Cai, Lai Chau (first record) (Fig. 139).</p>Published as part of <i>A. D., Tran & Polhemus, D. A., 2017, The genus Metrocoris Mayr, 1865 (Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of five new species, pp. 109-149 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65</i> on pages 122-123, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4502634">10.5281/zenodo.4502634</a>
Metrocoris monticola Tran & Polhemus 2017
No full textMetrocoris monticola group Diagnosis. The venter of the body is black, except the mesosternum is mediolaterally with a yellowish-brown mark, the abdomen is posteriorly yellow; the flexor region of the fore femur of male almost medially with a shallow notch; the proctiger of the male is subovate (Tran & Polhemus 2017, Fig. 109); the paramere is falciform (Tran & Polhemus 2017, Figs. 110, 111); the ventral sclerite is short (Tran & Polhemus 2017, Fig. 113). Included species: M. monticola Tran & Polhemus, 2017. Distribution. Vietnam.Published as part of Jehamalar, E. Eyarin & Dash, Swetapadma, 2021, Three new species of Metrocoris Mayr, 1865 (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from India and establishment of species groups, pp. 341-356 in Zootaxa 5082 (4) on page 355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/579270
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phallostethus cuulong Shibukawa, Tran & Tran, 2012, new species
No full textPhallostethus cuulong, new species New Vietnamese name: Cá bụng đầu (Figures 1–4) Holotype. ZRC 53233, male, 24.2 mm SL, a branch of Hau River (a distributary of Mekong), Cu Lao Dung, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (9 ° 30.8 ’ N, 106 ° 13.7 ’ E), 0–0.5 m depth, 31 July 2009, collected by K. Shibukawa. Paratypes. Total eight specimens (five males and three females), 20.0– 24.5 mm SL: CTU-P 2327, 1 specimen (female), 23.7 mm SL, Duyen Hai, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam (9 ° 40.9 ’ N, 106 ° 30.7 ’ E), 0.3–0.8 m depths, 5 April 2009, collected by K. Shibukawa, V.V. Tran and L.X. Tran; CTU-P 2494, 1 specimen (male), 22.5 mm SL, My Thanh River (a distributary of Mekong), Vinh Chau, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (9 ° 22.7 ’ N, 106 ° 0.7 ’ E), 0.5–1.2 m depths, 1 August 2009, collected by H.P. Ha, V.V. Tran and L.X. Tran; CTU-P 5020, 1 specimen (male, cleared and stained), 23.5 mm SL, Cho Lach, Ben Tre, Vietnam (10 ° 10.5 ’ N, 106 °. 8.9 ’ E), 0.5 m depth, 3 February 2010, collected by L.X. Tran; NSMT-P 106664, 1 specimen (male), 20.0 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; NSMT-P 106665, 1 specimen (female), 22.0 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; USNM 404477, 1 specimen (female), 23.8 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; USNM 404478, 1 specimen (male), 20.3 mm SL, Cau Ke, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam (9 ° 57.1 ’ N, 106 ° 1.8 ’ E), 0.5–3.5 m depths, 28 May 2010, collected by L.X. Tran; USNM 404479, 1 specimen (male, cleared and stained), 24.5 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 5020. Diagnosis. Phallostethus cuulong is distinguished from congeners in having following characters: seven serrae on the second ctenactinium in adult males (vs. five and eight in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i, respectively); 11–13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10 and 12 in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i, respectively); 11–14 + 25-26 = 37–40 vertebrae (vs. 13 + 27 = 40 and 12 + 28 = 40 in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i); approximately 5–19 teeth on paradentary (vs. 15–20 and 28 or more in P. dunckeri and P. le h i, respectively). All six examined males are dextral (vs. one and two known males of P. dunckeri are sinistral and dextral respectively, and all four know males of P. l e h i are sinistral). Description. Counts of the holotype are asterisked, and the frequency of each count is given in parentheses following the relevant count. Dorsal-fin rays 7 (2), 8 * (6) or 9 (1); anal-fin rays 24 * (4), 25 (1), 26 (3) or 27 (1); pectoral-fin rays 11 (2), 12 * (7) or 13 * (9); scales in lateral series 34 (5), 35 * (10) or 36 (3); predorsal scales 1 + 25 (1), 2 + 25 (1), 2 + 26 (4) or 2 + 27 * (3); transverse scales 6 (3), 7 * (12) or 8 * (3); circumpeduncular scales 12 * (8) or 13 (1); paradentary teeth approximately 5 (1), 6 (3), 7 (3), 8 (3), 10 (1), 13 * (1), 14 (2), 15 * (1), 18 (2) or 19 (1). The following measurements are % of SL: head length 22.1–24.1; snout length 7.0– 8.5; eye diameter 6.7–7.3; interorbital width 3.3–5.2; length of jaw 8.0– 9.4; predorsal length 78.0– 82.6; preanal length 46.4–48.7; maximum body depth 15.0– 18.7; body depth at anal-fin origin 12.4 –15.0; body width 9.4 –14.0; caudal-peduncle length 18.6–20.7; caudal-peduncle depth 5.6–7.6; length of dorsal-fin base 9.1–10.5; length of anal-fin base 32.3–36.7; pectoral-fin length 14.6–19.1; caudal-fin length 20.1–22.4. Head depressed anteriorly, with flat or barely concave interorbital space. Dorsal surface of head with membranous dome when alive or freshly collected (which can be seen in the cleared and stained specimens, e.g., Fig. 4), but shrunken and not apparent in alcohol specimen. Snout rather pointed. Eyes lateral on head, large, diameter slightly less than snout length. Mouth terminal or subterminal; jaws small, barely extend to a level of anterior margin of eye; upper jaws highly protractile. Body compressed, moderately deep. Anus and urogenital openings anterior, ventral to pectoral-fin base. A slightly frayed, fleshy membranous mid-ventral keel between urogenital opening and anal-fin origin. In males, a distinct mid-ventral groove, deepened and widened anteriorly, supports the priapium and mid-ventral keel. Pectoral fin falcate, the uppermost branched ray longest in most specimens; pectoral-fin rays branched, except for the uppermost 1 (uppermost nubby ossicle not included here; see “Materials and Methods” above) and lowermost 1–2 rays unbranched. Pelvic fin absent in males, present but rudimentary in females (Fig. 3). First dorsal fin absent; origin of second dorsal fin at, or slightly before, a level of posterior end of anal-fin base; anterior 2–3 rays simple, whereas the other rays branched. Anal fin with a long base, commencing well before midlength; anterior 2–4 rays simple, whereas the other rays branched. Caudal fin emarginate, symmetrical dorsoventrally. Male bilaterally asymmetric, dextral; namely, seminal papilla offset to right side of body (= aproctal side), and anus offset to left side of body (= proctal side); a long rod-like toxactinium curved from left to right; a large fleshy pad, the pulvinulus, covers articulation point of toxactinium and aproctal axial bone (Fig. 3). Scales on body cycloid, moderately large and deciduous; scales on abdomen largest; body entirely scaled, except for pectoral-fin base, mid-ventral groove before anal-fin origin, and mid-predorsal narrow naked space slightly behind occipital region; head and fins naked, except for posterior part of occipital region and basal part of caudal fin with some scales. Teeth on premaxilla and dentary unicuspid, slightly curved inward. Paradentary slender (as in Phallostethus dunckeri illustrated by Parenti, 1984: 4, fig. 1), with 5–19 minute teeth laterally; teeth on paradentary form a uniserial row or, in some larger specimens, biserial rows; teeth on inner row, if present, much smaller than those on outer row. Cephalic sensory canals reduced, comprising: two short infraorbital canals (each with terminal pores only) anteriorly and anteroventrally to eye; preopercular canal (with 6–7 pores). Main external bones in males including a long, curved toxactinium and a short stout ctenactinium with seven serrae dorsally (not including a hook-like distal tip); two smallest males examined (CTU-P 2493 and USNM 404478, 20.0– 20.3 mm SL) bearing 5–6 serrae on ctenactinium, assumued to represent the immature condition (and not included in the diagnosis, above). First pleural rib attached to fifth vertebra in males, fourth in females; first pleural rib in female much shorter than in male. Branchiostegal rays 4. Color when alive or freshly collected. Body subtranslucent in life, but whitish immediately after death (Fig. 1); a bright white blotch over brain when alive (assumed to fade just after death); iris silvery; minute melanophores scattered on snout, cheek and jaws; a melanophore at angle of lower jaw; a large reddish yellow blotch, slightly smaller than eye, at mid-lateral caudal fin base; male priapium with several large and small melanophores, particularly on the aproctal side (= right side in the new species) just anterior to the base of second ctenactinium; a series of minute black dots along mid-lateral septum of body musculature at least on caudal part of body; inner side of pectoral fin with many melanophores at least dorsally (the area with melanophores much more broader in females than in males); a series of mid-ventral black dots from anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base; other fins transparent. Color in alcohol. Head and body pale straw-colored; a series of irregular-sized melanophores (several of them dash-like) along midlateral septum of body musculature (at least on caudal part); paired patches of melanophores on anterior part of snout dorsally; many melanophores scattered on head above neurocranium, those posterior distinctly larger than those anterior; a melanophore at angle of lower jaw; a patch of minute gular melanophores; two patches of melanophores at throat and just behind urogenital opening in females; male priapium with several large and small melanophores, particularly on the aproctal side (= right side in this species) just anterior to the base of second ctenactinium; a mid-ventral series of black dots from anal- to caudal-fin bases, each along anal-fin base on interspace between fin rays (continuous and forming a irregular blackish gray line in some specimens); inner side of pectoral fin with many melanophores dorsally (the area with melanophores much broader in females than in males); caudal fin covered by numerous minute melanophores; other fins transparent. Distribution, habitat and the other notes. Phallostethus cuulong is known from nine specimens, six males and three females, collected from shallow waters (<1.2m depth) around banks of slow-flowing turbid canals and rivers with soft muddy bottoms in Soc Trang and Tra Vinh Provinces, Vietnam. The first author (KS) observed that a fish, latter designated as one of the paratypes of Phallostethus cuulong (NSMT-P 106665), swam slowly at the water surface around a bank of the slow-flowing tidal canal with dense semi-aquatic vegetation. A bright white blotch on dorsal surface of head was clearly confirmed in the field, but less vivid than that of the sympatric aplocheilid, Aplocheilus panchax (well-known for its reflective “pineal” spot on the top of the head). When the fish was disturbed, it quickly swam a short distance away from the original position; it was subsequently scooped up carefully using a hand net by KS. The species was usually solitary, and collected by hand nets or seine nets. Like the other phallostethids in the Vietnamese Mekong, this species has never been seen in the fish markets. As far as we aware, all fishes of the family Phallostethidae have no vernacular names in the Vietnamese Mekong (except for the new species herein named), since they are usually overlooked. Etymology. The specific name, cuulong, is the Vietnamese name of the Mekong delta (Cưu Long), where the type series of the new species was collected. The name, here applied as a noun in apposition, means “nine dragons,” in reference to nine distributaries of the Mekong basin in Vietnam. Remarks. Following the key to genera of phallostethid fishes by Parenti (1989), the new species is clearly assigned to Phallostethus by having the combination of, e.g., shield-like pulvinulus, large seminal papilla, long toxactinium, membranous dome on dorsal surface of head, 24–27 anal-fin rays, 37–40 vertebrae, serrated ctenactinium, non-projecting lower jaw beyond upper jaw, no first dorsal fin, and 7–9 second dorsal-fin rays. In particular, no other phallostethid genera are known that bear 24 or more anal-fin rays (vs. 22 or less anal-fin rays in the other phallostethids). Within the genus, the new species resembles the Bornean species Phallostethus lehi in sharing 11–13 pectoral-fin rays, but differs in having seven serrae on second ctenactinium in adult (vs. eight in P. l e h i), 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 28), and 6–19 paradentary teeth (vs. 28 or more). All six examined males of the new species are dextral, immediately distinguishing them from sinistral males in P. l e h i. The new species is also distinguished from Phallostethus dunckeri, known only from Johor, Malay Peninsula but presumed to be extinct (Parenti, 1996), by having seven serrae on second ctenactinium in adults (vs. five in P. d u n c k e r i), 11–13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10), and 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 27). Sexual dimorphism in the pleural ribs was reported from Phallostethus lehi by Parenti (1996); according to her, the species has the first pair of pleural ribs on the fifth vertebrae in males, the fourth vertebrae in females. This dimorphism is also found in Phallostethus cuulong. Furthermore, P. cuulong appears to show sexual dimorphism in the number of precaudal vertebrae: all six males examined have 13–14 precaudal vertebrae, as against 11–12 in all three females examined. Although Parenti & Louie (1998) reported similar sexual dimorphism in vertebral counts from four species of Neostethus, hitherto it has never been known from the other species of Phallostethus.Published as part of Shibukawa, Koichi, Tran, Dinh Dac & Tran, Loi Xuan, 2012, Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong, pp. 45-51 in Zootaxa 3363 on pages 46-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28164
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