104 research outputs found
Double-Effect Reasoning: From Jean Pierre Gury to Peter Knauer
No full textThe author argues in favor of the thesis proposed by Peter Knauer and others that double-effect reasoning, or the principle of double effect, changes in character from Aquinas\u27s initial formulation in his treatment of self-defense to the articulations offered by various manualists. However, Knauer and others fail to recognize that proportionalism is better understood as an extension of neo-Scholastic Jesuit manuals than as a recovery of Aquinas
The Kurgans of Budzhak Explored by F. I. Knauer: History of Excavztion, Cartography and Modern State
No full textСтатья посвящена археологическй деяльности уроженца немецкой колонии Сарата в Буджаке и автору первых научных раскопок курганов этого региона — профессору киевского университета Святого Владимира Федору Ивановичу Кнауэру.The article is observed the archeological activity of the native of German colony of Sarata in Budzhak and the author of first excavations of the barrows of this region, Professor F. I. Knauer
The Kurgans of Budzhak Explored by F. I. Knauer: History of Excavztion, Cartography and Modern State
No full textСтатья посвящена археологическй деяльности уроженца немецкой колонии Сарата в Буджаке и автору первых научных раскопок курганов этого региона — профессору киевского университета Святого Владимира Федору Ивановичу Кнауэру.The article is observed the archeological activity of the native of German colony of Sarata in Budzhak and the author of first excavations of the barrows of this region, Professor F. I. Knauer
EUFOR Althea: Appraisal and Future Perspectives of the EU’s Former Flagship Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. EU Diplomacy Paper 07/2011, October 2011
Get PDFOn 2 December 2004 the European Union launched the operation EUFOR Althea in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was its hitherto largest CSDP operation. The fundamental strategic objective has been the contribution to a ‘safe and secure environment’ in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. Throughout its deployment the operation has been evolving with regard to its size, its structures and its precise tasks and objectives. Today, the force level has, on the one hand, reached a critical number and it seems questionable whether an effective intervention would still be possible if large-scale and violent conflicts re-emerged. On the other hand, the EU has increased its efforts in the capacity-building and training of the Bosnian authorities and, in particular, the armed forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The present paper undertakes an analysis and evaluation of this operation with regard to the development of its tasks, size and structure and draws conclusions suggesting three possible future scenarios. Besides the conclusion that the operation can generally be considered a success, the analysis and the evaluation of the future prospects highlight that the operation is still evolving and might be in a crucial phase right now. When looking at the conditions on the ground and the perceived (lack of) willingness of the contributing nations concerning continued commitments, the current structure no longer seems appropriate. The author therefore recommends an adaptation of the mandate and a restructuring of the whole operation with regard to its composition and focus. This restructuring should, on the one hand, imply the continuation and further strengthening of the capacity-building, training and monitoring dimensions. On the other hand, the purely military dimension of the operation should, at least, be reconsidered and eventually terminated
Correction to: Second International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions) (Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, (2019), 174, 2, (279-296), 10.1007/s10549-018-05071-1)
No full textThe article Second International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions), written by Christoph J Rageth, Elizabeth AM O’Flynn, Katja Pinker, Rahel A Kubik-Huch, Alexander Mundinger, Thomas Decker, Christoph Tausch, Florian Dammann, Pascal A. Baltzer, Eva Maria Fallenberg, Maria P Foschini, Sophie Dellas, Michael Knauer, Caroline Malhaire, Martin Sonnenschein, Andreas Boos, Elisabeth Morris, Zsuzsanna Varga, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on November 30, 2018 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on May 30, 2019 to © The Author(s) 2018 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creat iveco mmons.org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The original article has been corrected
Proteinbiochemische Untersuchungen des Siebröhrensaftes von Hordeum vulgare zur Identifizierung von systemischen Signalen für eine erhöhte Resistenz nach Befall mit Blumeria graminis
Get PDFMit Hilfe der erleichterten Exsudation mit EDTA und der Probenentnahme mittels Stylektomie wurden phloemspezifische Proben aus Gerste gewonnen. Mit einer Untersuchung der Siebröhrenproteine nach Befall mit Blumeria graminis (Bgh) sollten Rückschlüsse auf (Protein)-Signale gewonnen werden, die eine systemisch erhöhte Resistenz nach Bgh-Befall vermitteln. Dazu wurde für beide Probenentnahmetechniken eine zweidimensionale Proteintrennung etabliert. Zusätzlich wurde das prinzipbedingte Verunreinigungspotential der EDTA-Methode verifiziert.Nach einer Inokulation der Blattspitzen konnte ein erhöhter Anteil (16-22hai) von P23K-3 bzw. dem nahezu identischen Protein P23K-4 (P23K-3/4) in EDTA-Proben ermittelt werden. Mit Hilfe der Stylektomiemethode konnte keine Hochregulierung von P23K-3/4 nach Bgh-Befall festgestellt werden, jedoch wurde gezeigt, dass die in der Stylektomie eingesetzten Aphiden ebenfalls zu einer Hochregulierung von P23K-3/4 führen. Die im Gel ermittelten unterschiedlichen Fokussierungspunkte von P23K-3/4 nach R.padi- und Bgh-Befall lassen sich nicht auf die unterschiedliche Aminosäuresequenz der Proteine, sondern wahrscheinlich auf eine unterschiedliche posttranslationale Modifikation zurückführen. Nach einem R.padi-Befall des 2. Blattes und der Entfernung des 2. Blattes vor der Probenentnahme konnte aus den verbleibenden Blättern ebenfalls eine erhöhte Menge von P23K-3/4 in EDTA-Exsudaten festgestellt werden. Dabei konnte nicht ermittelt werden, ob das Protein in der Pflanze systemisch verteilt oder systemisch induziert wurde. Eine Behandlung der Gerste mit dem chemischen Resistenzinduktor DCINA führte, im Gegensatz zum Befall mit Bgh, zu einer verminderten Menge von P23K-3/4 in EDTA-Exsudaten. Eine Wirkung von Jasmonsäure auf die Expression des Proteins konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Anhand von Literaturhinweisen konnte für P23K-3/4 eine Rolle in der Zellwandverstärkung nach Befall mit Bgh ermittelt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde eine um 11% erhöhte Zellwandmasse nach Bgh-Befall des 2. Blattes in den restlichen Blättern ermittelt. Die erhöhte Zellwandmasse deutet auf eine systemische Verstärkung der Zellwand hin, die möglicherweise zu einer erhöhten Resistenz gegen Bgh beiträgt. Neben dem Schwerpunkt der phloemspezifischen Proteinanalyse wurde außerdem eine verminderte Translokationsgeschwindigkeit in Siebröhren nach Inokulation mit Bgh ermittelt. Anhand von Literaturhinweisen lässt sich diese mit elektrischen Signalen im Phloem der Gerste in Verbindung bringen. Ein Calciumsignal im Siebelement könnte damit der Ausgangspunkt für vielfältige Reaktionen bezüglich einer Proteinexpression, der Aktivierung von Proteinkinasen und weiterer Abwehrkomponenten sein. Außerdem konnte eine systemisch erhöhte Peroxidaseaktivität nach Befall mit Bgh und R.padi bestimmt werden. Dies deutet auf eine Involvierung von H2O2 in der systemischen Signalvermittlung nach Pathogenbefall hin.Aphid stylectomy and EDTA-facilitated exudation were used to obtain sieve-tube sap samples to identify shifts in the (protein)-composition of barley phloem sap, which are indicative for systemic signalling after infection with Blumeria graminis (Bgh). For both sampling techniques a two-dimensional protein separation was established including an arsenal of purification steps for EDTA-probes. Potential contamination by artefactual proteins induced by the EDTA method was verified.Increased levels of P23K-3 or the nearly identical protein P23K-4 (P23K-3/4) were found 16-22hai with Bgh in EDTA samples. No up-regulation of P23K-3/4 after Bgh infection was observed using aphid stylectomy. However, it was shown that aphid infestation (and in particular stylet insertion) lead to up-regulation of P23K-3/4. The different isoelectric points of P23K-3/4 obtained in sieve-tube samples after R.padi infestation and inoculation with Bgh could not be explained by the slightly different amino acid sequences of the proteins but are likely due to different post-translational modifications. After R.padi infestation of the second leaf and removal of the second leaf prior to sampling, the remaining leaves also showed increased amounts of P23K-3/4 in EDTA exudates. Treatment of barley leaves with the chemical resistance inductor DCINA led, in contrast to infestation with Bgh, to a reduced amount of P23K-3/4 in EDTA exudates. This indicates involvement of jasmonic acid in the expression/production of P23K-3/4, but direct effects of jasmonic acid on the P23K-3/4 levels could not be detected. According to literature sources, P23K-3/4 plays a pivotal role in secondary cell wall formation. In this context, the present work points to a systemically induced cell wall reinforcement which was confirmed by an 11% increase in dry weight of systemic leaves of infected plants. After inoculation with Bgh, reduced exudation from sieve tubes was found which points to a reduced mass flow in phloem. Most likely, the decreased exudation rate was triggered by electrical long-distance signals propagated subsequent to inoculation. A accompanying Ca2+ influx may trigger a cascade of events in parenchymatous cells along the phloem pathway leading to, among others, an increased activity of peroxidases and the expression of P23K-3/4. It is unclear, if these substances were distributed or induced systemically. In any event, this conglomerate of reactions after Bgh-infection leads to higher deposition of phenolic substanes and cellulose in systemic leaves and, hence, to a putative higher resistance
Decomposing 4-connected planar triangulations into two trees and one path
No full textInternational audienc
Solothurn 2001
Get PDFSOLOTHURN: NEAR DAVOS As the red-hot television and press were condemning the authorities\u27 decision to enclose the World Economic Forum in a police ghetto and Zurich was lit by burning cars, Mathias Knauer was throwing curses upon the "global fascist market" and was sending the "holy market" of capitalism to hell. It seemed as though the Davos syndrome was spreading over the XXXVI Solurian Film Days. This is all connected with the documentary Bitterfeld, 1992, through which Knauer (born in 1942) invokes the nostalgia for the GDR prosperity of the East Germany\u27s largest chemical plant confronted with the "new colonial economy" of the Federal Republic. Although initially slightly confused, the audience wants to believe the author\u27s manifesto in the "possibility of a different from the capitalist) world" and rewards the movie with roaring applause. Knauer devised a state-of-the-art piece of propaganda -- by juxtaposing the glorious moments of the..
Three ways to cover a graph
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the problem of covering an input graph H with graphs from a fixed covering class G. The classical covering number of H with respect to G is the minimum number of graphs from G needed to cover the edges of H without covering non-edges of H. We introduce a unifying notion of three covering parameters with respect to G, two of which are novel concepts only considered in special cases before: the local and the folded covering number. Each parameter measures " how far " H is from G in a different way. Whereas the folded covering number has been investigated thoroughly for some covering classes, e.g., interval graphs and planar graphs, the local covering number has received little attention. We provide new bounds on each covering number with respect to the following covering classes: linear forests, star forests, caterpillar forests, and interval graphs. The classical graph parameters that result this way are interval number, track number, linear arboricity, star arboricity, and caterpillar arboricity. As input graphs we consider graphs of bounded degeneracy, bounded degree, bounded tree-width or bounded simple tree-width, as well as outerplanar, planar bipartite, and planar graphs. For several pairs of an input class and a covering class we determine exactly the maximum ordinary, local, and folded covering number of an input graph with respect to that covering class
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