826 research outputs found
Maria Elizabeth Rothmann Collection index
No full textThis index describes the Maria Elizabeth Rothmann collection and includes manuscript material and letters written by MER as well as manuscripts of other writers, notes on the Carnegie Commission, diary and newspaper clippings of the South African War by an unknown author. Correspondence ; literature ; social issues ; political affairs ; personalia ; photos
Women's life writing 1760-1830 : spiritual selves, sexual characters, and revolutionary subjects
No full textPhDThis thesis uses print and manuscript sources to analyse and interpret women's life
writing at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. I
explore printed works by Catharine Phillips, Mary Dudley, Priscilla Hannah Gurney,
Ann Freeman, Elizabeth Steele, Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Mary
Wollstonecraft, Grace Dalrymple Elliott, and Charlotte West and discuss the
manuscripts of Mary Fletcher, Mary Tooth, Sarah Ryan, and Elizabeth Fox. Of these
sources, five have never been analysed in the critical literature and six have received
little attention. Considered as a group, this large corpus of texts offers new insights
into the personal and political implications of different models of female selfhood and
social being.
In chapter one, I compare the religious identities presented in the spiritual
autobiographies of Quakers and Methodists. For these women, religious identification
provides a powerful sense of social belonging and enables public participation.
However, it may also lead to a loss of self in the demand for religious conformity and
self-abnegation. In chapter two, I consider the life writing of late eighteenth-century
courtesans. These women adapt available models of femininity and female authorship
in order to establish themselves as socially connected subjects. However, their
narratives also reveal that dependence on the sexual and literary marketplace puts
female selfhood under pressure. In chapter three, I explore the eyewitness accounts of
British women in the French Revolution. I argue that, for these writers, connecting
personal identity to political history is an enabling source of self-definition but it also
exposes them to the risks of self-fragmentation.
In my focus on the social function of women's life writing, I present an alternative to
the traditional alignment of the eighteenth-century autobiographical subject with the
autonomous self of individualism. These narratives allow us to reconsider the
productive and problematic dialectic between personal expression and representative
selfhood, self-authorship and collective narratives, and individualism and social
being. They suggest that women's life writing has the potential to be both the self-expression
of a unique heroine and the self-inscription of a politicised subject
An integrative review on analytical methods for determination of BPA and derivatives released from resin composites
No full textObjetivo: Devido aos impactos do Bisfenol A (BPA) na saúde humana, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática é comparar a quantidade detetada de BPA e dos seus derivados nos materiais dentários e em fluidos biológicos segundo a metodologia analítica mais sensível para valores mais residuais.
Materiais e metodologia: Efetuou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica na plataforma PubMed e Scopus utilizando as palavras-chaves: “BPA”, “Bisphenol A”, “dental resin”, “dental composite”, “dental materials”, “HPLC”, “GC-MS”, “chromatography”, “urine”, “blood”, “saliva”, “detection”, “ELISA”, “dental”. Os critérios de inclusão envolveram trabalhos in vitro e in vivo sobre os diferentes métodos analíticos para deteção/quantificação do BPA e seus derivados.
Resultados: Dos 6 artigos selecionados in vitro, 3 usaram solução de metanol, 1 usou uma solução de 75% etanol/água, e 3 usaram água. Dentro dos 9 estudos in vivo, 6 analisaram em meio de urina, 6 em saliva e 3 em sangue. 60% dos estudos utilizaram LC-MS, 27% utilizaram GC-MS, 13% citometria de fluxo e 7% o teste ELISA. Tanto in vitro como in vivo, houve libertação de BPA e dos seus derivados, principalmente da parte das resinas fluidas que libertaram estes monómeros em maior concentração.
Conclusão: Verifica-se uma maior concentração de BPA na saliva, do que na urina e no sangue. Além disso, a técnica de polimerização e a utilização do isolamento absoluto diminui a concentração de libertação de BPA em meio oral. O melhor método analítico preferido para a deteção do BPA e seus derivados é o LC-MS; porque permite obter melhor seletividade, baixo limite de quantificação e a identificação inequívoca dos compostos. No entanto, ainda são necessários mais estudos para desenvolver métodos mais rápidos e mais sensíveis.Objective: Knowing the impacts of BPA on human health, the objective of this review is to compare the amount of BPA and its derivatives detected in dental materials and in biological fluids by analyzing which method is the most relevant.
Materials and methods: Pieces of research were effectuated on PubMed and Scopus using the following keywords: “BPA”, “Bisphenol A”, “dental resin”, “dental composite”, “dental materials”, “HPLC”, “GC-MS”, “chromatography”, “urine”, “blood”, “saliva”, “detection”, “ELISA”, “dental”. The inclusion criteria involved in vivo and in vitro studies with different analytical methods for the detection of BPA and derivatives.
Results: From the 6 sectioned in vitro studies, 3 have used methanol solution, 1 has used a 75%ethanol/water solution and 3 have used water. Among the 9 in vivo studies, 6 have analyzed a medium of urine, 6 have analyzed saliva and 3 have analyzed blood. 60% of the studies realized analyzes with LC-MS, 27% with GC-MS, 13% with the Flux Cytometry and 7% used the ELISA test. In both studies, in vitro and in vivo, fluid resins have released a major concentration of BPA and derivatives.
Conclusion: A higher concentration of BPA in saliva was verified, comparing to urine and blood. In addition, polymerization technics and the use of a rubber dam help to decrease the concentration of liberation of BPA and derivatives in the oral medium. The best analytical method for the detection of BPA and its derivatives is LC-MS, due to the selectivity, low limit of quantification, and unequivocal identification of the target compounds. However, further studies are required to develop faster and more sensitive methods
Ketamine and Norketamine: Enantioseparation, Enantioselective Ecotoxicity and Biodegradation Studies
No full textKetamine (K), commercialized as a racemate, is used in pediatric and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic. However, it has been abusively used by adolescents and young adults in recreational environments due to its hallucinogenic and sedative effects. K and its main metabolite, norketamine (NK), have been detected either in effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and in aquatic environments. Nonetheless, enantioselective biodegradation studies of K as well as ecotoxicity of K and NK in diverse aquatic organisms is still unknown.
This work describes the development and validation of an enantioselective liquid chromatography to quantify the enantiomers of K and NK. The enantiomers were separated using an analytical Lux® 3 µm cellulose-4 column (150 × 4.6 mm internal diameter (I.D)) under isocratic elution mode. Optimized conditions consisted of ammonium acetate in ultra-pure water (with 0.1% of diethylamine (DEA)) and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min. The method was validated and demonstrated to be precise and accurate with a linearity range of 5 to 50 µg/mL for K and 2.5 to 25 µg/mL for NK. The limit of quantification was 1.25 µg/mL for NK enantiomers and 2.5 µg/mL for K enantiomers. The validated method was employed to follow a 21 days enantioselective biodegradation assay of K by activated sludge (AS). Results showed that K is poorly biodegraded which corroborates to its persistence in the aquatic environment. Also, enantioselectivity biodegradation was not observed and transformation products were not detected.
In order to obtain the pure enantiomers of K and NK for the enantioselective ecotoxicological assays, a semi-preparative enantioseparation method was developed and optimized. The enantioseparation were achieved with an amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate column coated on to APS-Nucleosil (500 A°, 7 µm, 20 %, w/w; 20 x 0.7 cm (I.D.)). Optimized conditions allowed recovery of enantiomers higher than 70%. The enantiomeric purity of the enantiomers was assessed by the analytical method and was close to 100%, except for K2 (≈ 97%).
Acute and chronic toxicity assays were performed in two ecological relevant aquatic organisms at different concentrations, including concentrations at environmental level, for racemates and the pure enantiomers of K and NK. The ecotoxicity assays were performed using the crustacean Daphnia magna and the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila in accordance with national and international standards (ISO and OECD). NK racemate presented higher mortality for crustacean D. magna compared to K. For both compounds mortality increased across gradient of exposure. Considering T. thermophila, K demonstrated greater growth inhibition compared to NK. These results demonstrate a species-dependent toxicity. Also, different enantioselective response between enantiomers of K and NK were found at the selected concentrations
"different sentiments & different connections supports them" : sensibility, community, and diversity in British women's Romantic-period poetry
No full textWith diversity
as an overarching theme, women writers' responses to the
cultural
feminisation and developing social climate of
late eighteenth- and early
nineteenth-century Britain
are explored through analyses of their poems on
sensibility, community, and abolition.
To determine a
focus for
expressive criticism
and recover Romantic women writers
from the social and historical
contexts that have
previously succeeded in highlighting
male literary
achievements, women's poetry is
considered a distinct
contribution to Romanticism. This dissertation analyses poems
written
by Joanna Baillie, Anna Barbauld, Harriet
and Maria Falconar, Frances
Greensted, Frances Greville, Elizabeth Hands, Eliza Knipe, Isabella Lickbarrow,
Hannah More, Amelia Opie, Priscilla Pointon, Mary Robinson, Mary Scott, Helen
Maria Williams, Ann Yearsley, and Mary Julia Young.
Although literature brought together the public and private spheres, sensibility
mediated
between the two and served as a social currency
for
women.
The
various
applications of sensibility are apparent
in its dual-gendered nature,
its link
with
reason, and the significance of economic
language. A
new genre of the "Address to
Sensibility" was prominent
in the period and
followed
a
loose formula
which
defined
sensibility,
traced its
personal
impact,
and
determined
a
link between the Romantic
culture and
heightened
emotion.
Through
explorations of poems on
intellectual
coteries, patronage, creative
influence, Reviews, and
literary
critique,
it is
evident that women poets' affiliations
with the literary
community were marked
by
a
discomfort based on their literary
associations,
the anxiety about their public reception, and the social
differences in the
literary
community.
However, the development
of social,
intellectual, literary,
and
critical communities alleviated this discomfort
and contributed
to women's
participation
in literary
culture.
In
addition, women poets expressed sensibility and used images of community
in diverse ways in their works against slavery and the trade.
Abolitionist
poetry acts
as a case study of the particular motifs,
highlighted throughout, such as the
amalgamation of masculine and
feminine, the political and economic applications of
sensibility, the association of
feeling
with reason and community, and the assertion of
individuality
amidst commonality.
Women
poets' petitions
to alleviate the sufferings
of slaves paralleled arguments
for the improvement
of
British
society to benefit
women.
The poems discussed signify the complexity of the issues of sensibility,
community, and diversity
MARIA FOLLIA, A COURT LADY OF THE HUNGARIAN QUEEN ELIZABETH ŁOKIETEK, ACCOMPANYING HER MISTRESS ON A JOURNEY TO ITALY
No full textThe journey and stay of the Hungarian queen Elizabeth Łokietek, mother of King Lajos the Great and widow of King Charles Robert, to the Kingdoms of Naples and Rome from June 1343 until May 1344, is a well-researched topic in historiography. On that journey the queen was accompanied, as a Hungarian chronicler noted, by her court, numerous ladies-in-waiting, girls of noble origin, Hungarian barons, knights and servants. Yet, of all the women accompanying the queen, only the identity of one of her court ladies is known, that of aristocrat Maria Follia. Her presence in the (closest) surrounding of the queen is testified by two diplomatic sources, one of Hungarian and another of Naples provenance. Maria was the widow of a recently deceased Hungarian palatine William Drugeth (who died in September 1342). The author in this paper investigates the causes and complex circumstances under which Maria Follia participated in the Italian journey of her mistress. The issue is all the more interesting since it is known that, after the death of palatine William, the Drugeth family, until then the most powerful Hungarian baron family, lost their wealth, fortune and positions in the royal court. One of the possible answers to this question is a conclusion that the palatine’s widow, independent of her husband’s family, stayed in good relations with Queen Elizabeth and kept her positions in the royal court
Exploring the potential of a waste-derived bone char for pharmaceuticals adsorption in saline-based wastewater
No full textIn this study, the effect of salinity in wastewater on the adsorption capacity of a bone char material prepared through pyrolysis of tuna bones at 1000 °C was investigated for two pharmaceuticals, tramadol (TRA) and venlafaxine (VNF), both contaminants of emerging concern. This is the first time that the adsorption efficiency of a bone char-type material was tested in such conditions.
The Tuna Bone Char (TBC) was composed of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite), and graphitic carbon. The TBC is a nanostructured material (particle size 30–60 nm), with a surface area of 100.67 m2/g (higher than other waste-derived type materials), and a total pore volume of 575.2 mm3/g.
TBC capacity to adsorb TRA and VNF, individually or combined, was evaluated in batch experiments using different aqueous matrices: water, non-saline wastewater, and wastewaters with different salinity levels (7.5 and 12 g/L).
For individual pharmaceuticals, the TBC had a higher affinity for TRA than VNF. The presence of salts in wastewaters led to a decrease in the TBC adsorption capacity but it was still effective for pharmaceuticals adsorption. Indeed, for the individual pharmaceuticals, the TBC adsorption capacity (qt) was 0.72–2.14 and 0.77–1.70 mg/g for TRA and VNF respectively, depending on the aqueous matrix. With both pharmaceuticals present, lower qt values were experimentally obtained for TRA and VNF.
The potential of the TBC, a material derived from a by-product of the fish industry, to be used for environmental remediation in different environments, such as saline wastewaters was demonstrated, widening the range of its potential applications
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the environment : biodegradation studies and presence in several environmental matrices
No full textThe use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics for therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion applications is increasing worldwide. Due to its halogenated characteristics, ecotoxicity and persistence, a special importance is given to their occurrence in the environment. Since some fluoroquinolones have one or more stereogenic centers, they give rise to pairs of enantiomers. The pharmacological properties and toxicity of enantiomers can be very different. The stereochemistry of these compounds represents a major challenge in terms of its environmental monitoring and is frequently ignored. The presence of fluoroquinolones has been described in many environmental matrices, but few studies were done in Portugal regarding environmental monitoring studies. Degradative processes for the removal of fluoroquinolones have also been subject of several studies, but none has considered the relevance of the stereochemistry. The work described in this thesis comprises the development of new analytical methods using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD) to assess biodegradation of chiral and achiral fluoroquinolone antibiotics and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify fluoroquinolones residues in different environmental matrices, such as influents and effluents of waste water treatment plants. As the metabolites/degradation products originated during degradation processes may present higher ecotoxicity than the parent compound this work also aimed to identify the most important by-products originated during these processes. Fluoroquinolones by-products formed during degradation assays were identified using an integrated analytical approach and these studies enabled the proposal of the chemical structures of two new metabolites for ofloxacin and norfloxacin, never reported before. Biodegradation of chiral fluoroquinolone antibiotics in laboratory experiments using activated sludge and two single bacterial strains were followed by the enantioselective methods developed. An analytical method for quantification and achiral assessment of fluoroquinolones in environmental matrices was developed and applied to wastewater treatment plants influents and effluents.
A ristocetin A-based chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic™ R column) was used for the development of an enantioselective method by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection, which after validation allowed for the analysis of ofloxacin and levofloxacin enantiomers in biodegradation assays performed with activated sludge. Biodegradation of ofloxacin proved to be enantioselective and both fluoroquinolones biodegradation extents were enhanced with supplementation with acetate. Subsequently, mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the racemization of the pure enantiomer levofloxacin during the biodegradation by the activated sludge inoculum. These results were reported for the first time in this work.
Two single bacterial strains (Labrys portucalensis F11 and Rhodococcus sp. FP1) were assessed regarding their enantioselective behavior on the biodegradation of ofloxacin and levofloxacin at a laboratory-scale microcosm, using the previously validated analytical method. Biodegradation studies were conducted under different initial concentrations of the two fluoroquinolones and different supplementations with acetate were tested. Racemic ofloxacin was enantioselectively biodegraded by both bacterial strains, with the S-enantiomer showing preferential removal and consequently enrichment of the R-enantiomer was observed. Both fluoroquinolones were degraded to an almost complete extent by strain F11. Racemization of levofloxacin was observed in its biodegradation by
strain F11 and confirmed using mass spectrometric analysis. This work described enantioselective biodegradation of ofloxacin and levofloxacin by single bacteria for the first time.
A solid phase extraction – liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer for the quantification of seven fluoroquinolone antibiotics in environmental aqueous matrices. Oasis® HLB columns were used for the clean-up and concentration of 100 mL influent and effluent samples from fifteen wastewater treatment plants. Method detection limits ranged from 6.7 to 59.0 ng L-1. High concentrations of ofloxacin, up to 4587.0 ng L-1, were found in influent samples. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the fluoroquinolones most frequently detected. Norfloxacin and prulifloxacin were not found in any of the analyzed samples.O uso de fluoroquinolonas para aplicações terapêuticas, profiláticas e de promoção do crescimento tem aumentado em todo o Mundo. Devido às suas características halogenadas, ecotoxicidade e persistência, uma importância especial é dada à sua ocorrência no meio ambiente. Como algumas fluoroquinolonas possuem um ou mais centros estereogénicos, dão origem a pares de enantiómeros. As propriedades farmacológicas e a toxicidade dos enantiómeros podem ser muito diferentes. A estereoquímica destes compostos representa um grande desafio em termos de monitorização ambiental e é frequentemente ignorada. A presença de fluoroquinolonas foi descrita em muitas matrizes ambientais, mas poucos estudos foram feitos em Portugal sobre estudos de monitorização ambiental. Processos degradativos para a remoção de fluoroquinolonas têm sido alvo de vários estudos, mas nenhum considera a relevância da estereoquímica dos compostos. O trabalho descrito nesta tese compreende o desenvolvimento de novos métodos analíticos usando cromatografia líquida com detecção de fluorescência (LC-FD) para avaliar a biodegradação de fluoroquinolonas quirais e aquirais e espectrometria de massa em tandem (LC-MS/MS) para quantificar resíduos de fluoroquinolonas em diferentes matrizes ambientais, como afluentes e efluentes de estações de tratamento de águas residuais. Como os metabolitos / produtos de degradação originados durante os processos de degradação podem apresentar maior ecotoxicidade que o composto-mãe, este trabalho também objetivou identificar os subprodutos mais importantes originados durante esses processos. Subprodutos de fluoroquinolonas formados durante os ensaios de degradação foram identificados usando uma abordagem analítica integrada e esses estudos permitiram a proposta das estruturas químicas de dois novos metabolitos para a ofloxacina e a norfloxacina, nunca relatados anteriormente. A biodegradação de fluoroquinolonas quirais em experiências laboratoriais utilizando lamas ativadas e duas estirpes bacterianas isoladas foi seguida pelos métodos enantiosseletivos desenvolvidos. Um método analítico para a quantificação e a avaliação aquiral de fluoroquinolonas em matrizes ambientais foi desenvolvido e aplicado a afluentes e efluentes de estações de tratamento de águas residuais.
Foi utilizada uma fase estacionária quiral baseada em ristocetina A (coluna Chirobiotic® R) para o desenvolvimento de um método enantiosseletivo de LC-FD, que após validação permitiu a análise dos enantiómeros da ofloxacina e levofloxacina em ensaios de biodegradação realizados com lamas ativadas. A biodegradação da ofloxacina provou ser enantiosseletiva e ambas as extensões da biodegradação destas fluoroquinolonas foram aumentadas com suplementação com acetato. Posteriormente, a análise espectrométrica de massa confirmou a racemização do enantiómero puro levofloxacina durante a biodegradação pelo inóculo da lamas ativadas. Estes resultados foram relatados pela primeira vez neste trabalho.
Duas estirpes bacterianas (Labrys portucalensis F11 e Rhodococcus sp. FP1) foram avaliadas quanto ao seu comportamento enantiosseletivo na biodegradação de ofloxacina e levofloxacina em microcosmos de escala laboratorial, utilizando o método analítico previamente validado. Os estudos de biodegradação foram conduzidos sob diferentes concentrações iniciais das duas fluoroquinolonas e diferentes suplementações com acetato foram testadas. A ofloxacina racémica foi biodegradada enantiosseletivamente por ambas as estirpes bacterianas, com o enantiómero S
mostrando remoção preferencial e consequentemente o enriquecimento do enantiómero R foi observado. Ambas as fluoroquinolonas foram degradadas quase completamente pela estirpe F11. A racemização da levofloxacina foi observada durante a biodegradação pela estirpe F11 e confirmada por análise espectrométrica de massa. Este trabalho descreveu pela primeira vez a biodegradação enantiosseletiva da ofloxacina e da levofloxacina por bactérias isoladas.
Foi desenvolvido um método de extração em fase sólida associado a LC-MS/MS com um espectrómetro de massa do tipo triplo quadrupolo para a quantificação de sete fluoroquinolonas em matrizes ambientais aquosas. As colunas Oasis® HLB foram usadas para a limpeza e concentração de 100 mL de amostras de afluentes e efluentes de quinze estações de tratamento de águas residuais. Os limites de detecção do método variaram de 6,7 a 59,0 ng L-1. Altas concentrações de ofloxacina, até 4587,0 ng L-1, foram encontradas em amostras de influentes. Ofloxacina e ciprofloxacina foram as fluoroquinolonas mais frequentemente detectadas. A norfloxacina e a prulifloxacina não foram encontradas em nenhuma das amostras analisada
Enantioselective ecotoxicity of psychoactive substances in Daphnia magna
No full textPsychoactive substances (PAS) are emergent contaminants frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems that may pose environmental risks in aquatic organisms even at low concentrations (ng to µg/L). Many PAS are chiral substances commercialized as racemate. Amphetamine (AMP) is a central nervous system stimulant used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder narcolepsy, and obesity. AMP is a chiral substance that exhibits enantioselective in its pharmacological activity being the (S)-AMP more potent and clinically effective than (R)-AMP. On the other hand, AMP is frequently used as a recreative drug. Due to its high consume and low biodegradability AMP has been detected in wastewaters and surface waters and can occur as enantiomeric mixtures or pure enantiomers. In this context, the evaluation of its enantioselectivity in eco-toxicity is crucial for a better understanding of AMP environmental risk on non-target organisms in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the enantioselectivity of AMP in toxicity on the aquatic invertebrate daphnia (Daphnia magna), used as a model organism to assess different biomarkers of toxicity. For that, neonates (less than 24h old) were exposed to 0.1; 1, and 10 µg/L of the racemate (rac-AMP) and to 0.1 and 1 µg/L of pure enantiomers, (R)-AMP and (S)-AMP, for 8 days. At selected 3, 5, and 8-days of exposure, different parameters were determined as morphophysiology (on days 3 and 8, as body size and heart rate, area, and length); swimming behaviour (on day 5, as swimming speed, active time, and total distance); reproduction (on day 8, number of eggs per daphnia, number of daphnia with eggs and number of neonates) and biochemical parameters (on day 8, like oxidative stress, catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymatic activities).
Data showed a significant decrease in body size found for organisms exposed to (S)-AMP comparatively to (R)-enantiomer and to the racemate. Effects on the development and functioning of heart were observed with a significant decrease in heart rate for both racemate and enantiomers though a decrease was observed in the organisms exposed to the racemate at days 3 and 8, while for the enantiomers a decrease was observed at day 3 with an enantioselective effect at 0.1 ug/L (lower decrease for (R)-AMP) but on day 8 no differences were found. A significant decrease in the heart area was observed for both enantiomers.
Regarding swimming behaviour, different results were observed between racemate and enantiomers. (rac)-AMP caused a reduction of the total travelled distance while for both enantiomers an increase in total travelled distance was noted though no enantioselective effects were observed. No changes were observed in active time in the organism exposed to (rac)-AMP while a reduction of the active time was observed for both enantiomers.
No changes in the number of eggs per daphnia or the number of daphnia with eggs were observed for the racemate, however, a tendency to increase of the number of neonates at 0.1 and 1 μg/L was observed while a significant increase was found at 10 μg/L. Regarding enantiomers, a significant difference was found between enantiomers with a decrease in the organisms exposed to (S)-AMP in contrast to the increase in the organisms exposed to (R)-AMP at 1 μg/L. Though no significant differences were observed for the number of daphnia with eggs, a tendency to increase was observed in the organisms exposed to (R)-AMP. These results show that AMP affects reproductive performance of daphnia, and these effects are enantiomer dependent. Changes in biochemical parameters were also observed with a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CAT activity for enantiomers.
These results showed that AMP can interfere with different biomarkers of toxicity and these effects can be enantioselective demonstrating the relevance and providing evidence for the need for this kind of study for an accurate environmental risk assessment. Additionally, some of the effects were observed at environmental reported concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg/L) AMP both racemate and enantiomers can cause adverse effects on D. magna reinforcing the concern of invertebrate medium- and long-term exposure to AMP
Enantioselective Synthesis, Enantiomeric Separations and Chiral Recognition
No full textThis book includes both fundamental studies and applications in a multidisciplinary research field involving a high diversity of chiral compounds, including commercial substances with industrial applications, pharmaceuticals, and new chiral compounds with promising biological activities. Recent developments and innovative approaches to producing enantiomerically pure compounds of industrial and research interest are included. Enantiomeric separation in both the analytical and preparative scale, determination of the enantiomeric purity, insights into enantioselective synthesis and many different aspects of chiral recognition, including chiral sensors, recognition in biological systems, and in analytical methods, are presented. Original research and review articles show the broad scope of chirality in diverse analytical fields and the connection to enantioselective synthesis and biological activities
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