1,721,180 research outputs found
Quimper : Gravée: le trait par Thuilier, la lettre par Hacq, le eaux par Roulier, le figuré du terrain par Soudan
No full textQUIMPER : GRAVÉE: LE TRAIT PAR THUILIER, LA LETTRE PAR HACQ, LE EAUX PAR ROULIER, LE FIGURÉ DU TERRAIN PAR SOUDAN
Carte topographique de la France (-)
Quimper : Gravée: le trait par Thuilier, la lettre par Hacq, le eaux par Roulier, le figuré du terrain par Soudan (72) ( -
Relative weight and givenness in constituent ordering of typologically different languages: Evidence from French and Persian
No full textInternational audienceGrammatical weight has been recognized as a key factor influencing constituent ordering across languages (Hawkins 1994, Wasow 2002). Constituents tend to appear in order of increasing weight in VO languages, as French (Thuilier 2012), and of decreasing weight in OV languages, as Persian (Faghiri 2016). Weight is often reduced to (phrasal) length or complexity and corpus studies fail to disentangle them, because of their extreme correlation. Wasow et al. (2005) showed however that acceptability rating of English speakers is sensitive to both length and complexity. Givenness of the referents is also known to affect word order and has been hypothesized as a language universal: given referents tend to be produced before new referents (Prince 1981, Arnold et al. 2000). Models of sentence production have proposed that constituent order reflects ease of accessing to the constituents (Bock & Levelt 1994): heavy constituent and new referent are more difficult to access, thus postponed in the sentence. However, this fails to explain the decreasing weight effect in OV languages. That is why Yamashita et al. (2001) proposed that heavy constituents are more accessible in conceptual terms, and that OV languages are more sensitive to conceptual accessibility. Faghiri et al. (2014) carried out a (semi-guided) sentence production experiment (via a web-based questionnaire) to study the effect of relative length and givenness on the relative order of the direct and indirect objects in Persian and found a clear “long-before-short” preference, but didn’t find the expected effect of givenness. Here, we provide comparable data from French in order to contrast weight and givenness effects in VO and OV languages. Moreover, we seek to test whether length and complexity effectively affect order independently in sentence production. To this end, we replicate their experiment, with an additional manipulation to include complexity vs. length. We expect a DO-IO preference (Thuilier 2012), so the issue is to what extent heaviness and newness can shift (or reinforce) this order.References:Arnold, Losongco, Wasow, & Ginstrom, (2000). “Heaviness vs. newness: The effects of structural complexity and discourse status on constituent ordering”. Language, 76(1), 28-55. Bock & Levelt (1994) “Language production: Grammatical encoding”. In Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics (945-984). London: Academic Press. Faghiri, Samvelian & Hemforth (2014) “Accessibility and Word Order: The case of Ditransitive Constructions”. In Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on HPSG (217–237). Stanford, CA : CSLI Publications. Faghiri (2016) La variation de l’ordre des constituants dans le domaine préverbal en persan : approche empirique. Phd Thesis, Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle.Prince (1981). “Towards a taxonomy of given-new information”. In Cole (Ed.), Radical pragmatics. New York: Academic Press. Hawkins (1994) A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thuilier (2012) Contraintes préférentielles et ordre des mots en français. Phd Thesis, Paris Diderot. Wasow (2002) Postverbal Behavior. CSLI Publications. Yamashita & Chang (2001) “"Long before short" preference in the production of a head-final language”. Cognition, 81(2). Wasow & Arnold (2005) “Intuitions in Linguistic Argumentation”. Lingua 115(11): 1481-1496
Word order in French: the role of animacy
No full textA major goal of the quantitative study of syntax has been to identify factors that have predictive power on speaker choices in the face of word-order or valence alternations (e.g. Arnold et al. 2000; Bresnan et al. 2007; Bresnan & Ford 2010; Bader & Häussler 2010). In this paper, we study the role of animacy on the order of constituents in French. Animacy has been shown to affect sentence production in other languages, either directly (Feleki & Branigan 1999; Kempen & Harbusch 2004; Tanaka et al. 2011) or indirectly through grammatical role assignment (McDonald et al. 1993). Corpus studies however, have failed to find such an effect in French (Thuilier 2012a; Thuilier et al. 2014). Using a sentence recall task, we examined whether animacy has an impact on linear ordering or on grammatical function assignment. While we do find evidence for a role of animacy in the choice between active and passive voice, we do not find a preference to place animate arguments first with ditransitive verbs nor with nominal coordinations. While these findings tend to support the indirect hypothesis (McDonald et al. 1993; Kempen & Harbusch 2004), we also find what may look like an anti-animacy effect: inanimate direct objects tend to precede animate indirect objects. We propose that canonical mappings between syntactic function and semantic role play a role in putting (inanimate theme) direct objects before (animate recipient) indirect objects, thus overriding the animacy first tendency in French
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
L’alternance d’ordre des compléments du verbe donner en français oral spontané : focus sur le facteur pronominalité
No full textContrairement aux approches traditionnelles de la syntaxe, la syntaxe quantitative et expérimentale permet aujourd'hui de mesurer précisément le poids des facteurs qui peuvent expliquer les alternances entre deux structures syntaxiques au contenu similaire, plus précisément les contraintes préférentielles qui peuvent expliquer les différences d'acceptabilité entre locuteurs (Bîlbîie et al. 2021). L'une de ces alternances qui peut être abordée à l'aide de la syntaxe quantitative est l'ordre des compléments (Thuilier 2012). Dans ce mémoire, je mène mes analyses dans le cadre du phénomène d'ordonnancement des compléments sur le verbe donner à l'aide des données extraites du corpus CEFC et appartenant à la modalité orale spontanée
Relative weight and givenness in constituent ordering of typologically different languages: Evidence from French and Persian
No full textInternational audienceGrammatical weight has been recognized as a key factor influencing constituent ordering across languages (Hawkins 1994, Wasow 2002). Constituents tend to appear in order of increasing weight in VO languages, as French (Thuilier 2012), and of decreasing weight in OV languages, as Persian (Faghiri 2016). Weight is often reduced to (phrasal) length or complexity and corpus studies fail to disentangle them, because of their extreme correlation. Wasow et al. (2005) showed however that acceptability rating of English speakers is sensitive to both length and complexity. Givenness of the referents is also known to affect word order and has been hypothesized as a language universal: given referents tend to be produced before new referents (Prince 1981, Arnold et al. 2000). Models of sentence production have proposed that constituent order reflects ease of accessing to the constituents (Bock & Levelt 1994): heavy constituent and new referent are more difficult to access, thus postponed in the sentence. However, this fails to explain the decreasing weight effect in OV languages. That is why Yamashita et al. (2001) proposed that heavy constituents are more accessible in conceptual terms, and that OV languages are more sensitive to conceptual accessibility. Faghiri et al. (2014) carried out a (semi-guided) sentence production experiment (via a web-based questionnaire) to study the effect of relative length and givenness on the relative order of the direct and indirect objects in Persian and found a clear “long-before-short” preference, but didn’t find the expected effect of givenness. Here, we provide comparable data from French in order to contrast weight and givenness effects in VO and OV languages. Moreover, we seek to test whether length and complexity effectively affect order independently in sentence production. To this end, we replicate their experiment, with an additional manipulation to include complexity vs. length. We expect a DO-IO preference (Thuilier 2012), so the issue is to what extent heaviness and newness can shift (or reinforce) this order.References:Arnold, Losongco, Wasow, & Ginstrom, (2000). “Heaviness vs. newness: The effects of structural complexity and discourse status on constituent ordering”. Language, 76(1), 28-55. Bock & Levelt (1994) “Language production: Grammatical encoding”. In Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics (945-984). London: Academic Press. Faghiri, Samvelian & Hemforth (2014) “Accessibility and Word Order: The case of Ditransitive Constructions”. In Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on HPSG (217–237). Stanford, CA : CSLI Publications. Faghiri (2016) La variation de l’ordre des constituants dans le domaine préverbal en persan : approche empirique. Phd Thesis, Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle.Prince (1981). “Towards a taxonomy of given-new information”. In Cole (Ed.), Radical pragmatics. New York: Academic Press. Hawkins (1994) A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thuilier (2012) Contraintes préférentielles et ordre des mots en français. Phd Thesis, Paris Diderot. Wasow (2002) Postverbal Behavior. CSLI Publications. Yamashita & Chang (2001) “"Long before short" preference in the production of a head-final language”. Cognition, 81(2). Wasow & Arnold (2005) “Intuitions in Linguistic Argumentation”. Lingua 115(11): 1481-1496
Relative weight and givenness in constituent ordering of typologically different languages: Evidence from French and Persian
No full textInternational audienceGrammatical weight has been recognized as a key factor influencing constituent ordering across languages (Hawkins 1994, Wasow 2002). Constituents tend to appear in order of increasing weight in VO languages, as French (Thuilier 2012), and of decreasing weight in OV languages, as Persian (Faghiri 2016). Weight is often reduced to (phrasal) length or complexity and corpus studies fail to disentangle them, because of their extreme correlation. Wasow et al. (2005) showed however that acceptability rating of English speakers is sensitive to both length and complexity. Givenness of the referents is also known to affect word order and has been hypothesized as a language universal: given referents tend to be produced before new referents (Prince 1981, Arnold et al. 2000). Models of sentence production have proposed that constituent order reflects ease of accessing to the constituents (Bock & Levelt 1994): heavy constituent and new referent are more difficult to access, thus postponed in the sentence. However, this fails to explain the decreasing weight effect in OV languages. That is why Yamashita et al. (2001) proposed that heavy constituents are more accessible in conceptual terms, and that OV languages are more sensitive to conceptual accessibility. Faghiri et al. (2014) carried out a (semi-guided) sentence production experiment (via a web-based questionnaire) to study the effect of relative length and givenness on the relative order of the direct and indirect objects in Persian and found a clear “long-before-short” preference, but didn’t find the expected effect of givenness. Here, we provide comparable data from French in order to contrast weight and givenness effects in VO and OV languages. Moreover, we seek to test whether length and complexity effectively affect order independently in sentence production. To this end, we replicate their experiment, with an additional manipulation to include complexity vs. length. We expect a DO-IO preference (Thuilier 2012), so the issue is to what extent heaviness and newness can shift (or reinforce) this order.References:Arnold, Losongco, Wasow, & Ginstrom, (2000). “Heaviness vs. newness: The effects of structural complexity and discourse status on constituent ordering”. Language, 76(1), 28-55. Bock & Levelt (1994) “Language production: Grammatical encoding”. In Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics (945-984). London: Academic Press. Faghiri, Samvelian & Hemforth (2014) “Accessibility and Word Order: The case of Ditransitive Constructions”. In Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on HPSG (217–237). Stanford, CA : CSLI Publications. Faghiri (2016) La variation de l’ordre des constituants dans le domaine préverbal en persan : approche empirique. Phd Thesis, Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle.Prince (1981). “Towards a taxonomy of given-new information”. In Cole (Ed.), Radical pragmatics. New York: Academic Press. Hawkins (1994) A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thuilier (2012) Contraintes préférentielles et ordre des mots en français. Phd Thesis, Paris Diderot. Wasow (2002) Postverbal Behavior. CSLI Publications. Yamashita & Chang (2001) “"Long before short" preference in the production of a head-final language”. Cognition, 81(2). Wasow & Arnold (2005) “Intuitions in Linguistic Argumentation”. Lingua 115(11): 1481-1496
Influence of noun dependents on French adjective placement in sentence production
No full textInternational audienceIn French, attributive adjectives (A) can appear either before or after the noun (N): une agréable soirée (preposed) / soirée agréable (postposed)‚ 'nice evening'.According to quantitative observations of corpus data, the choice of position is influenced by an interaction of factors (Thuilier, 2012), including the presence of other N dependant(s) in the NP, which favours preposed adjectives. This observation has been explained as a tendency to produce, in planned and written discourse, "balanced NPs"‚ with material before and after the head noun in order to avoid accumulation of post-nominal dependants (Grevisse & Goose, 2007). In order to test whether the presence of NP dependents affects sentence production in real time, we studied the effect of post-nominal PPs on the position of A using a sentence recall experiment (1). (1) A N order alternatives shown in [], recall prompt in d'un [redoutable gang / gang redoutable] d'un [redoutable gang / gang redoutable] de braqueurs. 'This adolescent is a member of a terrible gang (of armed robbers)'Preliminary results show that speakers (N=32) tend to produce more inversions from postposed to preposed adjectives (40%) than from preposed to postposed (5,8%), which corresponds to corpus observations: Alternating adjectives, such as those used in the experiment, are predominantly preposed (about 70% in Thuilier, 2013). There is also a significant interaction (p<.01 in a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis) such that the most inversions are produced from postposed to preposed in NPs with PP dependents (62% vs. 22.4% of postposed to preposed inversions without PPs), showing a clear effect of post-nominal PPs on the position of adjectives in sentence production. Two leads will be followed up to explain this result: (a) from the syntactic point of view, using preposed adjectives could be a way for the speaker to avoid choosing the relative ordering between the adjective and the PP after the noun; (b) from a prosodic point of view, it is generally assumed that preposed adjectives form one phonological phrase with the noun, whereas postposed adjectives tend to be phrased independently of the noun (Delais-Roussarie, 1996). The presence of an other prosodic phrase, namely the post-nominal PP, could lead speakers to put the adjective before the noun to limit the number of prosodic phrases in the NP
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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