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The Abbasid Historian Isaac Ibn Sulaiman Al-Hashemi (Alive 210 A.H/ 825 A.D) and his book "History and Biography"
Get PDFيهدف هذه البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على المؤرخ العباسي إسحاق بن سليمان الهاشمي (حيّاً 210هـ/825م) وكتابه "التاريخ والسِّيـر"، بتجلية معالم شخصية إسحاق، وتبيان أهمية كتابه، ومنهجه، والجوانب التي اهتم بتقييدها فيها من خلال نقول المؤرخين اللاحقين عنه. وخلص البحث إلى اعتماد إسحاق المنهج التاريخي الحولي في كتابه، واعتنائه بالتأريخ الدقيق للحدث، وتتبع تفاصيله، وذكر أسبابه، واهتمامه من خلال رصد المناصب الرسمية ومتوليها، وقوائم ولاتها، والخلافات الأسريّة العباسية والفتن الداخلية وشغب الجند، والعمارة والخطط في مدينة بغداد. وبيّن شهرة إسحاق وكتابه بين المؤرخين حتى منتصف القرن 4هـ/10م، نظراً لحفظه الرواية الأسريّة العباسيّة للأحداث منذ مرحلة الدعوة العباسية وحتى عصر الخليفة المأمون، مما صدّره ليكون أحد المصادر الرئيسية للمؤرخين اللاحقين عن تاريخ العصر العباسي الأول.This paper aims at shedding light on the Abbasid historian Isaac ibn Sulaiman Al-Hashemi (Alive 210 A.H/ 825 A.D) and his book History and Biography. Based on what other historians who copied him, the paper investigates the personal traits of Isaac ibn Sulaiman Al-Hashemi, the significance of his book, his methodology, and the fields which he was interested in incorporating in his book. The paper concludes that Isaac ibn Sulaiman Al-Hashemi adopted chronological annals methodology with special attention to accurate historiography of events including recognizing the fine details and mentioning their causes. He was also involved in covering the official positions and those who assumed them, listing the governors of the regions, exhibiting the Abbasid family disputes including the internal commotions, riots among soldiers, as well as architecture and urban planning in the city of Baghdad. The paper also reveals the significance of Isaac ibn Sulaiman Al-Hashemi and his book among historians until the mid of the 4th A.H/ 10th A.D century as he kept a record of the Abbasids' stories of the events since the start of the Abbasid era till the rule of the Caliph Al- Mamun hence assuming this prominent role among historians as a primary source for the first period of Abbasid history
Social Life in Egypt and the Levant During the Early Reign of Sultan Barquq 784-801 AH / 1382-1399 AD Through the Journeys of the Italian Travelers Frescobaldi and Sigoli
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف رحلتي الرحالين الإيطاليين فريسكو بالدي (Leonardo Frescobaldi) وسيغولي (Simone Sigoli)، اللذين قدِما إلى مصر وبلاد الشام في سنة 786هـ/ 1384م، وما تضمنته تلكما الرحلتان من معلومات عن الدولة المملوكية آنذاك في جميع مناحيها السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والدينية، وتحاول تعرف مصادرهما في رحلتيهما غير مشاهداتهما التي ضمناها في الرحلتين، كما تحاول إبراز أهم ما جاء في الرحلتين عن الأوضاع الاجتماعية في مصر وبلاد الشام، وقيمة تلك المعلومات التي أورداها عن الأوضاع الاجتماعية، خاصة العادات والتقاليد، والأزياء، والطقوس الدينية، والأعياد، وأوضاع المرأة في المجتمع الإسلامي. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى الأهمية الفائقة للرحلتين في دراسة الأوضاع الاجتماعية لمصر وبلاد الشام في العصر المملوكي، وإلى اعتماد الرحالين على رواة من القناصل والمترجمين والتجار لنقل معلومات مهمة عن الأوضاع الاجتماعية لمصر وبلاد الشام، كما خلصت إلى تركيز الرَّحالين على العادات والتقاليد والأزياء بحيث قدذَما معلومات فريدة حولها لم ترد بهذا التفصيل عند غيرهما من الرحالة الأوروبيين.This article examines the journeys of the Italian travelers Leonardo Frescobaldi and Simone Sigoli who visited Egypt and the Levant in 786 AH / 1384 A.D. The accounts of their trips provide political, economic, social and religious information about the Mamluk state at that time. The study identifies their sources for information that they did not see themselves and highlights the value of the most important observations about social conditions in Egypt and the Levant, traditions, dress, religious rituals and festivals, and the status of women in the Islamic society. The two travel accounts are important for the study of social conditions in the Levant and Egypt in the Mamluk era. The two trailers relied on sources like consuls, translators, and merchants who transmitted unique information about social life, customs, traditions and dress that other European travelers did not report
The Hujariyah Military Unit and Its Role in the Abbasid State (280- 325 A.H./893-936 A.D.)
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على فرقة الحُجريّة العسكرية ودورها في الدولة العباسية منذ استحداثها سنة 280هـ/893م وحتى حلها والقضاء عليها سنة 325هـ/936م، وقد خلص إلى استحداث الخليفة المعتضد بالله فرقة الحُجريّة سنة 280هـ/ 893م لتتولى مَهَمَّةَ حماية الخليفة وحراسته في دار الخلافة ومواكبه وأسفاره وحروبه، فخُصّوا بالامتيازات المالية، والتدريب النوعي. وامتاز الحُجريّة بالكفاءة العسكرية والانضباط التام، رغم تضاعف أعدادهم؛ ولذلك استعان بهم الخلفاء في مواجهات المتمرّدين وقمع تمرّد فرق الجيش وشغب العامة. وأدّى انخراط الحُجريّة في اضطرابات الدولة وأزماتها الداخلية، منذ عهد الخليفة المقتدر، إلى هيمنتهم على الخلافة والدولة في عهد الخليفة الراضي، واستمرت تلك الهيمنة عليهما حتى حَلَّها أمير الأمراء محمد بن رائق وقضى عليها سنة 325هـ/ 936م.This research sheds light on the Hujariyah military unit and its role in the Abbasid state since its creation in 280/893 until its elimination in 325/936. The Caliph al-Mu‘tadid bi-Allah created the Hujariyah unit in 280/893 to guard the caliph in his residence, processions, travels and wars, for which they received financial benefits and quality training. They were distinguished by their military efficiency and complete discipline, despite an increase in their numbers. The caliphs used them when confronting rebels and suppressing army rebellions and riots of the public. The Hujariyah’s involvement in the turmoil and internal crises of the state, since the time of Caliph al-Muqtadir, led to their hegemony over the caliphate and the state during the reign of Caliph al-Radhi. The dominance of the Hujariyah over the state and the caliph continued until the commander Muhammad ibn Ra’iq eliminated it in 325/93
The Procedures of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu\u27tadidBillah (279-289 AH / 892-902 AD) to Ensure that the Caliphate was Confined to his Offspring
Get PDFThis study aims at uncovering the procedures followed by the Abbasid Caliph, alMu\u27tadidBillah, to ensure that the caliphate was confined to his offspring and that other branches of the Abbasid family were deprived of it. The findings reveal that alMu’tadid’s procedures succeeded in granting the caliphate to his son, al-MuktadirBillah, despite his very young age. The procedures also helped in thwarting the rebellion of Prince Abdallahibn al-Mu\u27tazz who was backed by most of the Abbasid statesmen. Although the procedures kept the caliphate within al-Mu’tadid’s offspring, they returned the dominance of the army leaders over the caliphate and the state
The Damascene Historian Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Mualla al-Asadi (Died 286 AH/899 AD) and his Book Akhbar alSufyani
Get PDFThis research aims to shed light on the Damascene historian Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn alMualla al-Asadi (d. 286 AH/ 899 AD), and his book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani”. It aims to define ibn Al-Mualla’s personal life, enumerates his sheikhs and students, explains his sciences and historical writings, and defines in detail his book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani” in terms of its title and subject, ibn Al-Mualla’s resources and methodology in it, what subsequent historians say about him, and its historical importance. The research concludes that ibn Al-Mualla assumed a distinguished scientific position in Damascus. He distinguished himself in the science of history and authored several books, among them is “Akhbar Al-Sufyani,” the most important one. It was about the revolution of Ali bin Abdullah Al-Sufyani in 195 AH /811 AD, which was spread according to the narration of his student Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Ghazwan. The historian ibn Asaker has many of its texts. These texts show the features of ibn Al-Mualla’s approach and its resources in his book, namely, his adoption of the objective method in his composition, his commitment to the chain of transmission, his dependence on contemporary narrators, his keenness on the accurate history of the event, its interpretation, its partial details, determining its geographical location, and its inclusion of letters, speeches and poems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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