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Investigating the Possible Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Multiple Sclerosis using a Combination of Serological and MRI Indices
Full text linkBackground: The present study was established to investigate if there is any association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and toxoplasmosis using a combination of serological and MRI indices.
Methods: 100 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients were recruited in the present study from the neurology clinic at Al-Bashir Hospital along with 34 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). MS patients as well as controls were tested for the presence of Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA technique. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 1.5 T Siemens MR system. 3D T1 and T2 weighted images were acquired and processed to extract the white matter T2-lesion load.
Results: 86 RRMS patients (86%) and 12 HCs (35.3%) were tested positive for the T. gondii IgG antibodies. This difference in IgG seropositivity between MS patients and HCs was statistically significant (p<0.05). On the other hand, 19 RRMS patients (19%) and 4 HCs (11.7%) were tested positive for the Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies, and this difference was statistically insignificant (p >0.05). Neither IgG nor IgM concentration levels showed any significant association (p >0.05) with MS disease’s indices.
Conclusions: A strong significant association between the presence of anti-toxoplasma IgG antibodies and MS disease was found. Serum antibodies for T. gondii should be tested regularly among MS patients and anti-parasitic therapy should be provided, when necessary to prevent any reactivation and dissemination of the disease among these immunocompromised patients
Prediction of Diabetes by Measuring the Cross-Sectional Area of Median and Tibial Nerves. Is It a Good Predictor?
Full text linkObjective: To evaluate the sonography of median and tibial nerve in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.Method: In this Case-Control study 90 individuals divided into 45 diabetics and 45 non-diabetics were examined. The study was performed at Sehat Medical Complex Hanjarwal Lahore. Independent sample T test was used to compare it between two groups.Result: There were 90 individuals recruited during our study. There were 52(57.8%) females and 38(42.2%) males. The average age of individuals was 42.17 ±14.75. The average size of the median nerve in diabetic patients was 12.1 ±2.1 mm2 and in non-diabetics was 6.88 ±1.3mm2.The average size of the tibial nerve in diabetic patients was 15.06 ± 3.0mm2 and in non-diabetics was 8.3 ±2.4mm2. There was a significant difference p˂0.005. For the tibial nerve, females (Mean = 12.0 ± 4.2 mm) exhibit a slightly larger size compared to males (Mean = 11.2 ± 4.5 mm). In terms of the Median Nerve, males have a mean size of 9.44 ± 2.8 mm, while females have a slightly larger mean of 9.6 ± 3.4 mm.Conclusion: According to our research, the vast majority of diabetic patients who underwent ultrasonography had a significant increase in the cross-sectional area of nerves in diabetic patients as compared to healthy control individuals. Moreover, these results suggest that sonographic examinations are useful for the early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy
Effect of Endometritis on Caesarean Section Scar Thickness: A Sonographic Study
Full text linkBackground: Endometritis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, often caused by infection. It is a common postpartum complication, particularly following a caesarean section (C-section). The thickness of the C-section scar is an important factor in assessing uterine integrity and predicting the risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies.
Objective: To examine the effect of endometritis on caesarean section scar thickness in females.
Materials & Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at the University Ultrasound clinic, Green town, Lahore for the duration of 7 months. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. The research utilized transabdominal ultrasound scans, employing high-frequency curvilinear transducers of 3.5–6MHz (Toshiba Xario).
Results: The mean thickness of the C-section scar was significantly different between the two groups: 2.46 ± 0.54 mm in women without endometritis and 5.29 ± 0.80 mm in those with endometritis (P = 0.000). The number of scars visualized sonographically did not significantly differ between groups. Fluid around the endometrium was significantly more common in the endometritis group (45.3%) compared to none in the no endometritis group (P = 0.000). The number of previous C-sections did not significantly differ between groups (P = 0.580), with similar distributions across both groups. The duration of the C-section procedure was significantly shorter in the endometritis group, averaging 2.79 ± 1.22 minutes compared to 14.5 ± 6.22 minutes in the no endometritis group (P = 0.000).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that endometritis significantly affects the thickness of C-section scars, indicating impaired healing. The presence of fluid around the endometrium and increased endometrium thickness were additional markers of this adverse effect
Report of a workshop on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) at the University of Jordan, December 12–14, 2024
Full text linkThe School of Pharmacy at the University of Jordan, in collaboration with the World HealthOrganization (WHO), organized a three-day workshop as part of World AntimicrobialAwareness Week (WAAW). The workshop was dedicated to addressing antimicrobialresistance (AMR), a pressing global health challenge. Held from December 12–14, 2024, theworkshop emphasized innovation, education, and collaboration to combat this global healthchallenge.The workshop was designed with several key objectives in mind. It aimed to raise awarenessamong pharmacy students about the challenges and risks of AMR and its far-reachingimplications for public health. The workshop also aimed to equip participants with problemsolvingskills by introducing methodologies like design thinking, fostering creativity, andpractical solutions. A significant goal was to foster the development of actionable interventionsthat promote responsible antibiotic use, particularly in community pharmacy settings.Moreover, the event emphasized the importance of strengthening collaboration amongacademia, healthcare organizations, and regulatory bodies to address AMR comprehensivelyand effectively.Key activities included educational presentations by distinguished experts offering valuableinsights into various aspects of AMR. Dr. Uday Ibrahim, Head of the Health Emergencies Teamin Jordan at WHO, discussed the organization's role in addressing AMR both nationally andglobally. Dr. Esraa A. Zoubi, Advisor to the Director-General for Drug Registration and Pricingat the Jordan FDA, provided a detailed presentation on policies and strategies for regulatingantibiotic prescription and dispensing in Jordan. Dr. Ala’a F. Al-Shaikh, a WHO representative,offered insights into global strategies to combat AMR and promote the rational use ofantibiotics. Complementing these discussions, Dania Mobayed from WHO shared expertise onpublic health approaches to AMR, emphasizing its impact on healthcare systems. LoraAlsawalha, also from WHO, highlighted the importance of community engagement andinterdisciplinary collaboration in tackling AMR. Additionally, Dr. Mahmoud Alkawareek,Associate Professor of Microbiology in the School of Pharmacy at the University of Jordan,delivered a comprehensive overview of AMR, detailing its current status and the critical rolefuture pharmacists must play in combating this global health challenge.The workshop included interactive activities designed to foster creativity and collaborationamong participants. Mrs. Linda El Kurd from the Challenger Team led engaging designthinking sessions, where students participated in brainstorming and problem-solving exercisesusing innovative techniques to address AMR. These sessions encouraged critical thinking andthe development of practical, innovative solutions. Building on this foundation, participantsworked in teams during the project development phase to design interventions aimed at raisingawareness and promoting adherence to antibiotic stewardship practices. The resulting projectswere carefully evaluated by WHO representatives, faculty members, and professional trainers,who praised the students for their creativity and the practical potential of their ideas. The WHOfurther demonstrated its commitment to fostering innovation by announcing plans to select awinning team from the participants and support them with funding and expert guidance toimplement their ideas.Engagement with leadership during the workshop underscored the importance of addressingAMR at both institutional and national levels. Dr. Nathir Obeidat, President of the Universityof Jordan, emphasized the urgent need for AMR-related legislation and the critical role ofincorporating awareness into healthcare education to prepare future professionals for thischallenge. Similarly, Dr. Rula Darwish, Dean of the School of Pharmacy, highlighted thepivotal role of pharmacy students in combating AMR. She highlighted their unique knowledgeand skills as essential for promoting responsible antibiotic use and effecting meaningful changewithin their communities.The workshop concluded with a panel discussion that resulted in actionable recommendationsto address AMR more effectively. These recommendations emphasized the need to developadvanced curricula and specialized training programs that focus on AMR, equipping futurehealthcare professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills. The panel emphasizedpromoting AMR research and fostering collaborations with national and internationalorganizations to harness collective expertise. Additionally, supporting community-basedinitiatives aimed at improving antibiotic prescribing practices was identified as a crucial steptoward mitigating the impact of AMR and promoting responsible antimicrobial use.The workshop successfully achieved its goals of equipping students with the knowledge andtools needed to address AMR while fostering meaningful collaboration among stakeholders.WHO representatives reaffirmed their commitment to supporting students by guiding them inrefining their projects for real-world implementation. Additionally, the university’s newlyestablished AMR Committee will play a pivotal role in overseeing the follow-up and executionof the workshop’s recommendations. These efforts include collecting and analyzing data onlocal antibiotic usage patterns, developing innovative interventions to enhance communitypharmacy practices, and encouraging multidisciplinary research and collaboration to combatAMR effectively.In conclusion, this workshop reaffirmed the University of Jordan’s strong commitment tocombating AMR through education, innovation, and collaboration. By equipping futurepharmacists with the essential skills and knowledge to tackle this global health challenge, theuniversity is actively contributing to the foundation of a healthier, more informed society, readyto make a positive impact
The Role of Dermoscopy in Rosacea Diagnosis. A Review of the Literature
Full text linkBackground. Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as persistent facial redness, papules, and pustules on the background of telangiectasia. Diagnosing it is often challenging because its symptoms overlap with skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and acne. Accurate diagnosis is important for effective management.
Aims. This review aims to assess the role of dermoscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in improving the accuracy of rosacea diagnosis and its subtypes.
Materials and Methods. The review focuses on the characteristic follicular and vascular features detectable through dermoscopy and identifies key dermoscopic features of rosacea, such as polygonal vessels, follicular plugging, and Demodex mites. These findings were assessed in the context of differentiating between the various subtypes of rosacea, including papulopustular, erythematotelangiectatic, phymatous, and granulomatous.
Results. The review revealed that dermoscopy significantly enhances the diagnostic precision of rosacea by revealing specific vascular and follicular patterns that are otherwise difficult to detect through clinical observation alone—furthermore, dermoscopy aids in classifying rosacea into its specific subtypes. This improved diagnostic accuracy can lead to better clinical outcomes and more effective treatment monitoring for patients with rosacea
The Remedial Effect of Ziziphus lotus Extract against Oxidative Stress Induced by Deltamethrin Pesticide in Rats
Full text linkاختبرت هذه الدراسة الخصائص المضادة للأكسدة للمركبات الطبيعية المستخلصة من نبات السدر(Ziziphus lotus) الطبي، الذي استُخدم تقليديًا لعلاج اضطرابات الكبد ومقاومة التغيرات البيوكيميائية التي يُحدثها مبيد الحشرات دلتامثرين في الجرذان. شملت التجربة 30 جرذًا ذكرًا من نوع ويستر ألبينو، تم تعريضهم لمبيد دلتامثرين (7 ميكرولتر/كغ/يوم). بعد ذلك، تم إعطاء الجرذان مستخلصًا مائيًا من نبات السدر بثلاث جرعات مختلفة (100، 200، و400 مغ/كغ/يوم) عبر التغذية الأنبوبية. بعد 33 يومًا من العلاج، تم التضحية بالجرذان وجمع عينات الدم لتحليل المصل البيوكيميائي. كما تم حفظ أنسجة الكبد لتقييم التأثيرات مضادات الأكسدة. أظهرت النتائج أن عملية الاستخلاص المائي أنتجت 20%، مع تركيز عالٍ من البوليفينولات بلغ 0.142± 12.04 مغ مكافئ حمض الجاليك لكل ملليلتر من المستخلص. علاوة على ذلك، أظهر اختبار DPPH أن مستخلص السدر أبدى نشاطًا مضادًا للأكسدة بشكل كبير، حيث بلغت قيمة IC50=0.62 ± 0.146 ميكروغرام/ملل. أظهرت نتائج النشاط المضاد للأكسدة في الجسم الحي أنه في المجموعة المعرضة لدلتامثرين، انخفض وزن الجسم، بينما زادت مستويات أنزيمات الأسبارتات ترانساميناز (AST) والألانين ترانساميناز (ALT) والفوسفاتاز القلوي (ALP) والأميليز ألفا والكوليسترول والكرياتينين واليوريا (p < 0.05 مقابل مجموعة الشاهد)، مما يشير إلى وجود سمية كلوية وكبدية. كما انخفضت مستويات بيروكسيد الدهون (GSH) للدفاعات المضادة للأكسدة وزادت تركيزات المالونديالديهيد (MDA). أدى العلاج بمستخلص السدر بجرعاته الثلاثة إلى تحسين بعض وظائف الكبد والكلى وزيادة وزن الجسم. كما أثبتت وجود المركبات الثانوية في مستخلص السدر أن لها أنشطة بيولوجية كبيرة ومثيرة للاهتمام، بما في ذلك خصائص مضادة للأكسدة قوية في الاختبارات المخبرية وفي الجسم الحي.This study investigated the antioxidant properties of natural compounds derived from the medicinal plant Ziziphus lotus, traditionally used for treating liver disorders. The research focused on its potential to mitigate biochemical alterations induced by the pesticide Deltamethrin in rats. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were exposed to Deltamethrin (7 μl/kg/day), after which they received aqueous extract of Ziziphus lotus at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage. After 33 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analysis. Liver tissues were preserved for assessment of antioxidant activity. The extraction process yielded 20%, with a high polyphenol content of 12.04 ± 0.142 mg AGE/mL (Gallic Acid Equivalents per millilitre of extract). The DPPH assay confirmed strong antioxidant potential of the extract, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.62 ± 0.146 μg/mL. In vivo results showed that Deltamethrin exposure led to significant reductions in body weight and increases in serum levels of Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), alpha-amylase, cholesterol, creatinine, and urea (p < 0.05 vs. control), indicating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Additionally, antioxidant defence markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH) were diminished, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased, reflecting enhanced lipid peroxidation. Treatment with Ziziphus lotus extract at all three doses ameliorated several liver and kidney function markers and restored body weight. The presence of bioactive secondary metabolites in the extract contributed to its significant biological activities, notably its potent antioxidant effects demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo
In vitro Analysis of the Anticancer and Antidiabetic Effects of Teucrium orientale Leaf Hydrophilic Extract Grown in Two Palestinian Geographic Areas
Full text linkأظهرت العديد من الدراسات أن أنواع Teucrium orientale تمتلك خصائص علاجية مهمة، بما في ذلك النشاط المضاد للأكسدة، والمضاد للجراثيم، والمضاد للالتهابات، إضافةً إلى تأثيرها المزيل للتشنجات. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم الأنشطة المحتملة المضادة لمرض السكري والسرطان لمستخلصات أوراقTeucrium orientale المحبة للماء، التي جُمعت من منطقتين جغرافيتين في فلسطين: القدس ورام الله. تم اختبار المستخلص المائي للنبات لتحديد تأثيره المضاد لمرض السكري عبر قياس تثبيط نشاط إنزيمα-amylase ، بينما تم تقييم تأثيره المضاد للسرطان على خلايا سرطان الرئة Lewis Lung (LLC) باستخدام قياس التدفق الخلوي لفحص تكاثر الخلايا، بالإضافة إلى تلطيخ Annexin-V / بروبيديوم يوديد (PI) للكشف عن موت الخلايا المبرمج. أظهر مستخلص Teucrium orientale من القدس قدرة تثبيطية قوية لإنزيمα-amylase بقيمة IC50 تبلغ 7.43 ± 0.84 ميكروغرام/مل، مقارنة بـ IC50 لمستخلص رام الله الذي بلغ 23.2 ± 0.29 ميكروغرام/مل. كانت هذه القيم أفضل من الشاهد الإيجابي Acarbose، الذي سجل IC50 = 43.91 ± 1.08 ميكروغرام/مل. في اختبار التأثير المضاد للسرطان، تم تعريض خلايا LLC لتركيزات مختلفة من مستخلصي T. orientale (0، 50، 100، 200، و400 ميكروغرام/مل) لمدة 24 ساعة، وتم قياس تكاثر الخلايا باستخدام اختبارXTT لوحظ التثبيط الكامل لنمو الخلايا عند 400 ميكروغرام/مل في كلا المستخلصين، إلا أن مستخلص القدس أظهر كفاءة أكبر في التثبيط عند التركيزات المنخفضة. من ناحية أخرى، لم تؤثر الزيادة في تراكيز المستخلصات من المنطقتين (50، 100، 200، و400 ميكروغرام/مل) على معدل موت الخلايا المبرمج في العينات الضابطة، بينما أدى العلاج بمستخلص Teucrium orientale إلى ارتفاع ملحوظ في معدل موت الخلايا المبرمج في خلاياLLC بجميع التراكيز المختبرة. وكان هذا التأثير مرتبطًا بزيادة علامة موت الخلايا المبرمج المتأخر Annexin-V+/PI+ علاوةً على ذلك، أظهر مستخلص القدس معدل موت خلايا مبرمج بلغ 90 ± 3.4% عند أعلى تركيز (400 ميكروغرام/مل)، مقارنة بـ 62.6 ± 3.4% لمستخلص رام الله، مما يشير إلى كفاءته الأعلى في تحفيز موت الخلايا المبرمج لخلايا LLC بناءً على هذه النتائج، تمتلك مستخلصاتTeucrium orientale إمكانات واعدة كعوامل طبيعية مضادة لمرض السكري والسرطان، نظرًا لقدرتها على تثبيط إنزيم α-amylase، وتقليل تكاثر الخلايا السرطانية، وتعزيز موتها المبرمج. إلا أن هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من الدراسات في النماذج الحية والتجارب قبل السريرية للتحقق من هذه التأثيرات.Several studies have demonstrated that Teucrium orientale (T. orientale) species have therapeutic advantages, such as antioxidant, bacteriostatic, spasmolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to assess the possible antidiabetic and anticancer activities of T. orientale leaf hydrophilic extracts collected from two distinct geographic regions in Palestine: Jerusalem and Ramallah. T. orientale hydrophilic extract was tested for its antidiabetic and anticancer properties on α-amylase activity and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells, respectively. The anticancer effect on LLC was evaluated by flow cytometry for cell proliferation and Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell apoptosis. The T. orientale extract from Jerusalem had an IC50 of 7.43±0.84 μg/ml for inhibiting α-amylase enzyme activity, whereas the Ramallah extract had an IC50 value of 23.2±0.29 μg/ml. These values were compared to the positive control, Acarbose, which had an IC50 of 43.91±1.08 μg/ml. LLC cells were treated with one of the two extracts of T. orientale at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/ml) for 24 hours, and cell proliferation was assessed using an XTT assay. Total inhibition of LLC proliferation was achieved at 400 μg/ml in both extracts. The T. orientale extract from Jerusalem demonstrated a more efficient inhibitory effect at lower concentrations. Increasing concentrations of T. orientale (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/ml) from the two geographic areas, Ramallah and Jerusalem, had no effect on the apoptosis rate in the control group. In contrast, elevated rates of apoptosis were observed following treatment with T. orientale extract in LLC cells at all tested concentrations, and this was positively associated with the late apoptosis marker Annexin-V+/PI+. Moreover, the T. orientale extract from Jerusalem exhibited an apoptotic rate of 90±3.4% at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml, compared to 62.6±3.4% following treatment with the Ramallah extract. This suggests that the T. orientale extract from Jerusalem induced apoptosis in LLC cells more efficiently than the extract from Ramallah. The extracts derived from T. orientale show promising potential as a natural antidiabetic and anticancer agent, as evidenced by their ability to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme, impede the growth of LLC cells, and enhance apoptosis. Further in vivo and preclinical investigations are required to validate these effects
Development of the Chemical Composition of Raspberry Shoot Extract Using Theoretical and Experimental Methods based on Ionization Theory
Full text linkكان الهدف من هذا البحث تطوير التركيب الكيميائي لمستخلص براعم توت العليق باستخدام مناهج نظرية وتجريبية قائمة على نظرية التأين. تم تحديد كمية المركبات الفينولية باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا السائل عالية الأداء (HPLC)، وحُدد محتوى الأحماض العضوية والفينولكاربوكسيلية باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا الغاز (GC)، والالتحام الجزيئي لإنزيمات سيكلوأوكسجيناز-2 (COX-2)، وفوسفوليباز A2، والعامل النووي kB (NF-kB)، و5-ليبوكسيجيناز (5-LOX)، وأوكسيديز نيكوتيناميد أدينين ثنائي النوكليوتيد فوسفات (NADPH)، والميلوبيروكسيديز، وأوكسيديز الزانثين باستخدام برنامج AutoDockTools الإصدار 1.5.6. كما دُرست الفعالية المضادة للالتهابات باستخدام طريقة وذمة الكاراجينان. تم التعرف على المركبات الأحد عشر باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا السائل عالية الأداء (HPLC)، وكشفت كروماتوغرافيا الغاز عن 36 مركبًا. سيطر الإبيكاتشين (882.00 ملغ/100 غ)، والكاتشين (+)- (480.00 ملغ/100 غ)، وحمض الإلاجيك ومشتقاته (459.00 ملغ/100 غ)، وحمض الستريك (49.21 ملغ/100 غ)، وحمض الفانيليك (2.59 ملغ/100 غ)، وحمض الليفولينيك (64.67 ملغ/100 غ) على مستخلص براعم التوت. كانت الطاقة الحرة لأنيونات الكاتيكين (+)-، والإبيكاتشين--أنيون أعلى من الكاتيكين والإبيكاتشين (+)- في المواقع النشطة لإنزيمات COX-2، وفوسفوليباز A2، وNF-kB، و5-LOX، وأوكسيديز NADPH، والميلوبيروكسيديز، وأوكسيديز الزانثين. أظهرت المعالجة بمستخلص براعم التوت المتأين بالأرجينين بجرعة 6.5 و13.0 ملغم/كغم انخفاضًا ملحوظًا في وذمة القدم بعد 1.2.3 و4 ساعات بنسبة 89.6 و53.3، و49.4 و53.3، و40.6 و45.7، و45.9 و45.2% مقارنةً بالمجموعة الضابطة، على التوالي. وقد ثبت أن أنيون (+)-كاتشين وأنيون إبيكاتشين يتمتعان بمستوى أعلى من الألفة مقارنةً بالكاتشين والإبيكاتشين غير المتأينين (+)-كاتشين للمراكز النشطة للإنزيمات. أظهر المستخلص المتأين تأثيرًا مضادًا للالتهابات أعلى بكثير من المستخلص غير المتأين. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان هناك توافق بين الجرعات التجريبية والنظرية في دراسة النشاط المضاد للالتهابات.The aim was to develop chemical composition of raspberry shoot extract using theoretical and experimental methods based on ionization theory. The quantification of phenolic compounds was accomplished through HPLC, the content of organic and phenolcarboxylic acids was determined by GC, molecular docking of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phospholipase A2. nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), 5-lypoxygenase (5-LOX), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxydase enzymes was carried out using the AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software, the anti-inflammatory activity was studied with the carrageenan edema method. The 11 compounds were identified by the HPLC and 36 compounds were detected by GC. The epicatechin (882.00 mg/100 g), (+)-catechin (480.00 mg/100 g), ellagic acid and its derivatives (459.00 mg/100 g), citric acid (49.21 mg/100 g), vanillic acid (2.59 mg/100 g) and levulinic acid (64.67 mg/100 g) were dominated in the obtained extract of raspberry shoots. The free energy of (+)-catechin-anion, epicatechin-anion was higher than (+)-catechin and epicatechin for the active sites of COX-2. phospholipase A2. NF-kB, 5-LOX, NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase enzymes. Treatment with arginine-ionized raspberry shoot extract at a dose of 6.5 and 13.0 mg/kg showed a significant reduction of paw edema after 1. 2. 3 and 4 hours by 89.6 and 53.3, 49.4 and 53.3, 40.6 and 45.7, 45.9 and 45.2% compared with the control group, respectively. It has been established that (+)-catechin anion and epicatechin anion have a higher level of affinity than non-ionized (+)-catechin and epicatechin for the active centers of enzymes. The ionized extract showed a significantly higher anti-inflammatory effect than the non-ionized extract. In addition, there was a matching of experimental and theoretical doses in the study of anti-inflammatory activity
Single Nucleotide Pleomorphisms of Different Cytokines among Jordanian Patients with Lupus Nephritis: A Pilot Study
Full text linkيعد التهاب الكلية الذئبي (LN) أحد العلامات السريرية الأكثر شيوعًا في مرض الذئبة الحمراء SLE)) وله تأثير ملحوظ على معدلات الامراض والوفيات المرتبطة بمرض الذئبة الحمراء. تشارك العوامل البيئية والوراثية في تطور مرض الذئبة الحمامية. ومع ذلك، هناك اهتمام متزايد بتحديد العلامات الجينية، وخاصة السيتوكينات، التي قد تشير إلى القابلية للإصابة بمرض الذئبة الحمراء، والتنبؤ بدور الأعضاء الوشيكة للإصابة بالمرض، وتتبع التغيرات في نشاط المرض. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو فحص مجموعة واسعة من المتغيرات الوراثية للسيتوكاينز وارتباطها بالتهاب الكلية الذئبي LN في إجمالي 83 عينة من الأردن. تم إجراء النمط الجيني للسيتوكاينز باستخدام تقنية (PCR/SSP). تشير نتائجنا إلى وجود زيادة في الشكل الجيني G في النمط الجيني -1082 A/G) لـ (IL-10 في عينات مرضى LN (P = 0.001) مقارنة بالأشخاص الأصحاء في حين كان الشكل الجيني A هو السائدP = 0.001) ) عند الأشخاص الأصحاء. وعلى مستوى النمط الجيني لمنطقة (-1082 A/G) لـ IL-10، ارتبط النمط الجيني GG بـ LN (P <0.001)، بينما النمط الجيني G/A كان هو السائد عند الأشخاص الأصحاء P = 0.027)). علاوة على ذلك، لم تتم ملاحظة أي ارتباطات مهمة في تعدد الأشكال الجينية السيتوكينية الأخرى (IFN-γ، IL-6، (TNF-α LN لدى مرضى التهاب الكلية الذئبي في الأردن. بشكل عام، تشير دراستنا التجريبية إلى أن الشكل الجينيG والنمط الجيني GG في المنطقة (-1082 A/G) لـ IL-10 تزيد من خطر الإصابة بالتهاب الكلية الذئبي لدى المرضى الأردنيين المصابين بمرض الذئبة الحمامية. بينما تسود المتغيرات A والنمط الوراثي GA عند الأشخاص الأصحاء.Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and significantly affects the morbidity and mortality associated with SLE. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of SLE. There is growing interest in identifying genetic markers, particularly cytokine-related variants, that may indicate susceptibility to SLE, predict future organ involvement, and monitor changes in disease activity. This study aims to examine a wide array of cytokine genetic variants and their association with LN in a cohort of 83 Jordanian samples. Genotyping was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sequence Specific Primer (PCR/SSP) technique. Our results show an increased frequency of the G allele at the promoter region (-1082 A/G) of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LN samples (p = 0.001) compared to controls, whereas the A allele predominated in the control group (p = 0.001). At the genotype level for the -1082 A/G promoter region of IL-10, the GG genotype was significantly associated with LN (p < 0.001), while the GA genotype predominated in controls (p = 0.027). No significant associations were observed between other cytokine SNPs (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α) and LN in Jordanian SLE patients. Our pilot study suggests that the G allele and GG genotype at the IL-10 promoter region (-1082 A/G) increase the risk of developing LN in Jordanian SLE patients, while the A allele and GA genotype are more common in controls.
AI's Healing Touch: Transforming Healthcare from Diagnosis to Recovery
Full text linkيتزايد اعتماد الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال الرعاية الصحية، وقد بدأ يُحدث تأثيرًا ملموسًا على جوانب مُختلفة من هذا القطاع، بدءًا من التشخيص واستراتيجيات العلاج وصولًا إلى رعاية المرضى. نناقش هذه التطبيقات في هذه المراجعة باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي، بما في ذلك التحليلات التنبؤية وتقنيات التعلم الآلي، بالإضافة إلى الطب عن بُعد والمراقبة عن بُعد المُعتمدة على الذكاء الاصطناعي. تُوفر هذه التطورات فوائد كبيرة لرعاية المرضى، وتُحسّن الكفاءة التشغيلية، وتُخفّض التكاليف. إلا أن هناك تحديات حقيقية في مجالات مثل خصوصية البيانات، والتحيز الخوارزمي، والامتثال. تُضيف هذه المراجعة إلى الدراسات السابقة أن مُختصي الرعاية الصحية بحاجة إلى التدريب قبل أن يتمكنوا من الاستفادة المثلى من تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي. كلما زادت تعقيداتها، زاد تأثيرها على الرعاية الصحية، مُحسّنةً رعاية المرضى بطريقة تُناسب مرضانا على حدة، دون النظر إلى كل مرض من منظور خارجي وداخلي فقط.Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment, and improving patient care. This review explores the key applications of AI, including predictive analytics, machine learning, and telemedicine, which contribute to better patient outcomes, increased operational efficiency, and cost reductions. Despite these benefits, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and regulatory compliance persist. The review emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to receive adequate training to effectively utilize AI technologies. Addressing these challenges is essential to realizing AI’s full potential in providing personalized and efficient healthcare