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Direito, cultura e sociedade em tempos de fake news
No full textThe purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of fake news, false news produced and disseminated through new digital media, capable of influencing contemporary forms of perception and social action, producing both far-reaching and economic political consequences. We will investigate the context in which fake news appears, highlighting the relationship between technoculture, the social dynamics of democracies and subjectivities. Finally, we will address the way in which some societies have tried to respond legally to the damage that false news produces, in an effort to regulate and qualify communication structures. To this end, this article will use the deductive method, using critical literature on theories of culture and legal science, and normative documents. In this way, it is intended to contribute to the qualification of reflection and debate on the problem of freedom of expression, its possible limits and relations with the functioning of democracy.
Keywords: Culture. Technology. Free speach. Fake news.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o fenômeno das fake news, notícias falsas produzidas e disseminadas através dos novos meios de comunicação digitais, capazes de influenciar as formas contemporâneas de percepção e ação social, produzindo tanto consequências políticas de largo alcance quanto econômicas. Investigaremos o contexto no qual surgem as fake news, destacando a relação existente entre a tecnocultura, a dinâmica social das democracias e as subjetividades. Por fim, abordaremos a maneira como algumas sociedades tem tentando responder aos prejuízos que as notícias falsas produzem, no esforço de regulamentar e qualificar as estruturas de comunicação, preservando integralmente as liberdades democráticas
DIREITO PRIVADO E DEMOCRACIA: ORIGENS GREGAS DO SISTEMA REGISTRAL IMOBILIÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Get PDFThe objective of this work is to analyze the property registration system in Brazil, whose primary purpose is to guarantee advertising, as a democratic principle, of legal businesses. This concern with advertising goes back to Ancient Greece, so that in the different cities there were mechanisms that made the negotiations involving real estate known to everyone. In fact, in the Greek system, land books were established for the registration of businesses involving immovable property. So, could it be said, from the analysis of the forms of advertising and the mortgage system existing in Ancient Greece, that the Brazilian real estate registration system has Hellenic origins, and not Roman ones? To this end, references from Greco-Roman legal historiography were analyzed, as well as the works of the French school of history of Greek and Roman private law. To establish the relationship between the legal facts and the social, political and economic context, the methodological precepts of contemporary historiography were followed. In this way, it contributes to the historical reflection on private law in the West and its relationship with Greeks democracies, increasing the intellectual capital of the Brazilian legal field and, consequently, our institutional creativity, indispensable in times of rapid and profound transformations.
É objetivo deste trabalho analisar o sistema de registro de imóveis no Brasil, cujo fim precípuo é a garantia da publicidade, enquanto princípio democrático, dos negócios jurídicos. Essa preocupação com a publicidade remonta à Grécia Antiga, de forma que nas diversas cidades havia mecanismos que tornavam as negociações envolvendo imóveis conhecidas por todos. Inclusive, estabeleceu-se, no sistema grego, os livros fundiários, para as inscrições dos negócios envolvendo propriedade imóvel. Sendo assim, poder-se-ia afirmar, a partir da análise das formas de publicidade e do sistema de hipotecas existentes na Grécia Antiga, que o sistema registral imobiliário brasileiro possui origens helênicas, e não romanas? Para responder a esta questão foram analisadas referências da historiografia jurídica greco-romana, bem como as obras da escola francesa de história do direito privado grego e romano. Para o estabelecimento das relações entre os fatos jurídicos e o contexto social, político e econômico, foram seguidos os preceitos metodológicos da historiografia contemporânea. Contribui-se, desta maneira, à reflexão histórica sobre o direito privado no ocidente e sua relação com as democracias gregas, incrementando o capital intelectual do campo jurídico brasileiro e, consequentemente, nossa criatividade institucional, indispensável em tempos de transformações rápidas e profundas
The establishment of the right to change the registration name and sex by the self-perception of gender in Brazilian civil rights
Get PDFThis article addresses the right of persons who do not identify themselves with their registered sex to change it, as well as their first names in the public records, adapting them to their self-perceived gender. The practical difficulties that the non-publication of the entire content of the Brazilian Supreme Court decision, which allowed that change in a comprehensive manner to all citizens, caused for the establishment of this right when facing the Civil Registries is also taken into account. Another issue is the solution given administratively in a pioneering way by the Ceará Court of Justice and, later, by the National Council of Justice, when publishing regulatory proceedings directly in the public registries, in a relatively simple and safe way. A brief comparative analysis will be carried out between the Ceará provision and the National provision. The deductive method will be used, starting from some legal norms, and, mainly, the provisions of the Ceará Court of Justice and the National Council of Justice, with analysis of its commands. A theoretical qualitative research line will be adopted, with an analysis of bibliographic sources, as well as laws and regulations.This article addresses the right of persons who do not identify themselves with their registered sex to change it, as well as their first names in the public records, adapting them to their self-perceived gender. The practical difficulties that the non-publication of the entire content of the Brazilian Supreme Court decision, which allowed that change in a comprehensive manner to all citizens, caused for the establishment of this right when facing the Civil Registries is also taken into account. Another issue is the solution given administratively in a pioneering way by the Ceará Court of Justice and, later, by the National Council of Justice, when publishing regulatory proceedings directly in the public registries, in a relatively simple and safe way. A brief comparative analysis will be carried out between the Ceará provision and the National provision. The deductive method will be used, starting from some legal norms, and, mainly, the provisions of the Ceará Court of Justice and the National Council of Justice, with analysis of its commands. A theoretical qualitative research line will be adopted, with an analysis of bibliographic sources, as well as laws and regulations
A POLIGAMIA NO DIREITO PRIVADO ATENIENSE E AS RELAÇÕES PARALELAS NO DIREITO CIVIL BRASILEIRO NO SÉCULO XXI: APROXIMAÇÕES JURÍDICAS
Get PDFAs lições do passado, seus acertos e equívocos, servem de orientação para um olhar crítico do presente e para a tomada de decisões no futuro. Além do mais, dadas nossas raízes romanas, o direito na Grécia Antiga é um tema pouco explorado no Brasil. O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar um cotejo comparativo entre o estatuto da poligamia no direito privado ático, mais especificamente, a legitimidade jurídica dos casamentos plurais após a emergência do direito positivo na Grécia clássica, e o ressurgimento do problema jurídico das relações plurais na sociedade brasileira, à luz do direito civil contemporâneo. Através de uma abordagem dedutiva, com pesquisa bibliográfica intensiva, abordam-se os aspectos jurídicos pertinentes ao conflito social, à luz da natureza específica do direito das famílias. Ao final, conclui-se que, seja na Grécia Antiga ou no Brasil do século XXI, a despeito do viés conservador conferido pela ela legislação, o exercício da jurisdição tem promovido a dignidade de núcleos familiares respaldados pela boa-fé, publicidade e estabilidade
O PRINCÍPIO DA PUBLICIDADE E O PROBLEMA DA TRANSMISSÃO DE PROPRIEDADE NO DIREITO PRIVADO GREGO
Get PDFA história do direito confere um lugar marginal ao direito grego clássico, sobretudo no que concerne ao campo do direito privado. A escassez das fontes arqueológicas e históricas, associada a efetiva falta de sistematização de seus códigos e práticas jurídicas, contribuiu para determinar esta posição secundária que a Grécia ocupa na história das instituições jurídicas ocidentais. Contudo, há exceções no campo da historiografia jurídica que lançaram luzes importantes sobre esta herança grega, que conheceu um desenvolvimento importante em várias cidades do período democrático. A escola francesa de história do direito, representada sobretudo pelas pesquisas de Ludovic Beauchet e Louis Gernet, elaborou, ao longo de quase cento e trinta anos, análises e descrições minuciosas das práticas judiciais gregas, inclusive do direito privado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o contexto histórico em que se desenvolveu o direito privado grego, explorando seus vínculos com os fundamentos da democracia clássica, assim como suas ressonâncias com o direito moderno e contemporâneo. Mais especificamente, analisaremos a influência do princípio democrático da publicidade nas transferências de propriedade, sobretudo no direito privado ateniense. Para tanto, nos serviremos de fontes históricas clássicas, como a obra do filósofo Teofrasto, bem como de teorias interpretativas da dinâmica histórica que nos permitam compreender as criações específicas do campo do direito à luz das relações sociais e estruturas de poder surgidas na Grécia a partir do séc. VI a.C
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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