276 research outputs found
Phylogeny of rock-inhabiting fungi related to Dothideomycetes
No full textThe class Dothideomycetes (along with Eurotiomycetes) includes numerous rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), a group of ascomycetes that tolerates surprisingly well harsh conditions prevailing on rock surfaces. Despite their convergent morphology and physiology, RIF are phylogenetically highly diverse in Dothideomycetes. However, the positions of main groups of RIF in this class remain unclear due to the lack of a strong phylogenetic framework. Moreover, connections between rock-dwelling habit and other lifestyles found in Dothideomycetes such as plant pathogens, saprobes and lichen-forming fungi are still unexplored. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses, we report that RIF belong to Capnodiales (particularly to the family Teratosphaeriaceae s.l.), Dothideales, Pleosporales, and Myriangiales, as well as some uncharacterised groups with affinities to Dothideomycetes. Moreover, one lineage consisting exclusively of RIF proved to be closely related to Arthoniomycetes, the sister class of Dothideomycetes. The broad phylogenetic amplitude of RIF in Dothideomycetes suggests that total species richness in this class remains underestimated. Composition of some RIF-rich lineages suggests that rock surfaces are reservoirs for plant-associated fungi or saprobes, although other data also agree with rocks as a primary substrate for ancient fungal lineages. According to the current sampling, long distance dispersal seems to be common for RIF. Dothideomycetes lineages comprising lichens also include RIF, suggesting a possible link between rock-dwelling habit and lichenisatio
Relationship between HLA and T cell responses to Ebola virus
No full textEbola virus disease (EVD) is a severe illness caused by infection with Ebola virus (EBOV) which causes sporadic outbreaks in African countries, the last one taking place in West Africa and affecting over 28000 people. Even though several decades have passed since the description of the first EVD cases, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the involvement of the human immune response in the pathophysiology of EVD. Research in this field is challenging because of the requirement of biosafety level 4 containment and the scarcity of human data. During the last EVD outbreak in West Africa, we had the opportunity to establish an immunology lab at Donka hospital in Conakry, Guinea where we collected and analysed leftover blood samples from patients diagnosed by the European Mobile Laboratory. With the use of benchtop multiparametric flow cytometry and subsequent analysis in the biosafety level 4 laboratory in Hamburg, we evaluated the kinetics and phenotype of antigen-presenting cells as well as T cells with the goal to identify immune biomarkers of disease outcome. Our approach was to utilize flow cytometry to characterize cell profiles in blood as well as immunogenetics, in particular analysis of the T-cell receptor clonotypes and HLA polymorphisms. Immune data was then correlated with clinical and epidemiological findings to try to detect potential predictors of outcome and targets for immunotherapy. Our observations highlight the importance of CD16 monocytes in the innate immune response to EBOV infection and in viral clearance. Additionally, we could identify a dysregulation of the adaptive immune response in fatal cases, characterised by the upregulation of the T cell inhibitory markers CTLA-4 and PD-1 and the inability to control viral replication. These results identify CD16 monocytes and the regulatory pathways of T cell responses as potential targets for post-exposure EVD immunotherapy. Moreover, our immunogenetics study evidenced the relevance of the expression of various HLA alleles and the activation of a T cell response through a broad and diverse T cell receptor repertoire in improved disease outcome
La correlación ontológica del lenguaje en Ángel Amor Ruibal (precursor lingüístico del siglo XX)
No full textA comienzos del siglo XX, entre 1900 y 1905, el pensador gallego Amor Ruibal realiza una síntesis histórica del pensamiento filológico y gramatical de los orígenes orientales y occidentales. Sigue su desarrollo desde la Edad Media hasta el siglo XIX con el comparatismo. Deduce de ello una relación continua entre análisis gramatical (egipcio, sánscrito, hebreo), concreción simbólica de la voz (chino, lenguas indias de América) y
síntesis lógica (griego, latín). Advierte en el indoeuropeo esta relación sintética y analítica así como su pervivencia en la derivación romance del latín. El análisis del hecho natural del lenguaje (lenguas) revela también una síntesis psicológica de concreción material sonora del pensamiento. El tipo fonético es forma constitutiva de la raíz y etimología de las palabras. Su organización revela un principio relacional y genético que constituye las primeras unidades morfo-sintácticas con carácter semántico propio: sílaba, palabra, frase (proposición). Amor Ruibal deduce de ello, y antes que Saussure, Sapir y otros lingüistas, la naturaleza del signo lingüístico, su función simbólica y retórica. Con estas reflexiones introduce los fundamentos de la Lingüística del siglo XX, desde el estructuralismo, funcionalismo y generativismo hasta la gramática textual. El autor del artículo evalúa la precocidad de esta concepción teórica del lenguaje apenas conocida actualmente y sostiene un fundamento poético del
lenguaje.At the beginning of the 20th century, between 1900 and 1905, the Galician thinker Ángel Amor Ruibal performs a synthesis of philological thought and historical grammar of Eastern and Western origins. He follows their development from the Middle Ages until the 19th century with the Comparative Grammar and deducts from it a continuous relationship between grammatical analysis (Egyptian, Sanskrit, Hebrew), symbolic specification of the voice (Chinese, American Indian languages) and logical synthesis (Greek, Latin). He recognizes also this synthetic and analytic relationship in the Indo-
European as well as their survival in the romance derivation from Vulgar Latin. The analysis of the natural fact of language (languages) also reveals a psychological synthesis of material and human sound as realization of thought. Phonetic type is the constitutive form of root and etymology of words. Its organization reveals an relational and genetic principle which constitutes the first morph-syntactic units with its own semantic character: syllable, word, proposition. Amor Ruibal infers from this, before that Saussure, Sapir and other language specialists, the nature of the linguistic sign, its symbolic and rhetoric function. With these reflections he establishes the grounds of Linguistics in the 20th century, from structuralism, functionalism and generative theory of language to the textual grammar. The author of this article evaluates only part of this little-know theory of language and the linguistic precocity of his author. He concludes finally holding a poetic foundation of language
La correlación ontológica del lenguaje en Ángel Amor Ruibal (precursor lingüístico del siglo XX)
No full textA comienzos del siglo XX, entre 1900 y 1905, el pensador gallego Amor Ruibal realiza una síntesis histórica del pensamiento filológico y gramatical de los orígenes orientales y occidentales. Sigue su desarrollo desde la Edad Media hasta el siglo XIX con el comparatismo. Deduce de ello una relación continua entre análisis gramatical (egipcio, sánscrito, hebreo), concreción simbólica de la voz (chino, lenguas indias de América) y síntesis lógica (griego, latín). Advierte en el indoeuropeo esta relación sintética y analítica así como su pervivencia en la derivación romance del latín. El análisis del hecho natural del lenguaje (lenguas) revela también una síntesis psicológica de concreción material sonora del pensamiento. El tipo fonético es forma constitutiva de la raíz y etimología de las palabras. Su organización revela un principio relacional y genético que constituye las primeras unidades morfo-sintácticas con carácter semántico propio: sílaba, palabra, frase (proposición). Amor Ruibal deduce de ello, y antes que Saussure, Sapir y otros lingüistas, la naturaleza del signo lingüístico, su función simbólica y retórica. Con estas reflexiones introduce los fundamentos de la Lingüística del siglo XX, desde el estructuralismo, funcionalismo y generativismo hasta la gramática textual. El autor del artículo evalúa la precocidad de esta concepción teórica del lenguaje apenas conocida actualmente y sostiene un fundamento poético del lenguaje.At the beginning of the 20th century, between 1900 and 1905, the Galician thinker Ángel Amor Ruibal performs a synthesis of philological thought and historical grammar of Eastern and Western origins. He follows their development from the Middle Ages until the 19th century with the Comparative Grammar and deducts from it a continuous relationship between grammatical analysis (Egyptian, Sanskrit, Hebrew), symbolic specification of the voice (Chinese, American Indian languages) and logical synthesis (Greek, Latin). He recognizes also this synthetic and analytic relationship in the Indo- European as well as their survival in the romance derivation from Vulgar Latin. The analysis of the natural fact of language (languages) also reveals a psychological synthesis of material and human sound as realization of thought. Phonetic type is the constitutive form of root and etymology of words. Its organization reveals an relational and genetic principle which constitutes the first morph-syntactic units with its own semantic character: syllable, word, proposition. Amor Ruibal infers from this, before that Saussure, Sapir and other language specialists, the nature of the linguistic sign, its symbolic and rhetoric function. With these reflections he establishes the grounds of Linguistics in the 20th century, from structuralism, functionalism and generative theory of language to the textual grammar. The author of this article evaluates only part of this little-know theory of language and the linguistic precocity of his author. He concludes finally holding a poetic foundation of language
Medidas de acción positiva en la escena del siglo XX: José Ruibal y la tutela de la igualdad
No full textJosé Ruibal is one of the paradigms of scenic renewal that took place, from the sixties, in the Spanish authors exiled. In the plays the author wrote in the United States he maintained a critical dialogue with Franco dictatorship. We analyze which is perhaps his most outstanding production, El hombre y la mosca (1968), whose aim was to convey a lack of respite and adepts to authoritarian governments based on indoctrination, intolerance and repression. His farcical theater can be a measure to promote equality, a scenic way to visualize the harassment, abuse, discrimination and lack of opportunities.José Ruibal es uno de los paradigmas de la renovación escénica que tuvo lugar, a partir de los años sesenta, en las filas de nuestro colectivo creador expatriado. En las piezas que el autor escribió en Estados Unidos siempre mantuvo un diálogo crítico con la dictadura franquista para poner en evidencia su tiranía ante la comunidad internacional. Analizamos más concretamente la que es quizá su producción más destacada, El hombre y la mosca (1968), cuyo objetivo fue transmitir una falta de relevo y de adeptos a los gobiernos autoritarios basados en el adoctrinamiento, la intolerancia y la represión. De este modo su teatro puede ser una medida de acción positiva, una forma escénica de intervenir para visibilizar las vejaciones, los abusos, las discriminaciones, la falta de oportunidades. Para ello, el código dramático que escoge en esta obra es el humor farsesco.José Ruibal is one of the paradigms of scenic renewal that took place, from the sixties, in the Spanish authors exiled. In the plays the author wrote in the United States he maintained a critical dialogue with Franco dictatorship. We analyze which is perhaps his most outstanding production, El hombre y la mosca (1968), whose aim was to convey a lack of respite and adepts to authoritarian governments based on indoctrination, intolerance and repression. His farcical theater can be a measure to promote equality, a scenic way to visualize the harassment, abuse, discrimination and lack of opportunities
Landscapes of Memory and Power: The Archaeology of a Forgotten Kingdom in Ethiopia
No full text© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Unlike their northern counterparts, the kingdoms of southern Ethiopia have received little attention by archaeologists. Their relatively late emergence and absence of literacy may explain this lack of interest. However, they have much to offer to better understand the history not only of the Horn but also of the precolonial African state more generally. In this paper, the polities that developed in the southern Ethiopian highlands during the second millennium AD are briefly described and then one of them is explored in more detail: the kingdom of Anfillo. An archaeological and historical overview of the polity is provided based on two seasons of fieldwork. It is argued that in Anfillo, as in other southern Ethiopian polities, a fortified landscape materialized at the same time a persistent situation of conflict and the collective memory of the ruling classes, which used it as a mnemonic device to tell history and legitimize social divisions.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.Peer reviewe
In praise of depth
No full textI am totally for the archaeology in and of the present that Rodney Harrison defends in his powerful text. In fact, I have defended a similar idea elsewhere, although in a rather less eloquent and straightforward way. I have suggested that we could transform ethnoarchaeology, an archaeological subdiscipline that already deals with the present, into a true ‘archaeology of the present . . . that . . . deals with people that are alive and things that are in full use, and which accepts that all presents are entangled with a diversity of pasts in a percolating time’ (González-Ruibal 2006a, 112). With the author, I think that archaeological engagements should not be reduced to the past – understood as something remote and finished: archaeology can be a very creative way of dealing with the present, and even of transforming it. I also coincide with Harrison in considering that the archaeology of the contemporary past is less harassed than we tend to think and that we should be less anxious in defending ourselves against possible attackers and focusing more on creating exciting work.</jats:p
Necesidad y libertad. La ley natural en la obra de Ángel Amor Ruibal
No full textNatural Law constitutes the touchstone for the foundation of morality according to the Magisterium of the Catholic Church, whose interpretation raises many questions in regard to different environments —even within the Church itself— particularly due to the consequences that are derived when we apply this interpretation to concrete moral issues. In spite of this, natural law can be a very useful concept, which is made evident to us in the conception held by the author we are going to study: Amor Ruibal. His theory, based in the universal correlation, proposes an unusual interpretation which points out that natural law is neither an abstract nor a biological term, but that it is also, first of all, an appeal to our self-realization as free human beings living in a world that does not belong to us.La ley natural constituye la piedra de toque en la fundamentación de la moral del Magisterio de la Iglesia Católica, cuya interpretación suscita muchas discrepancias en distintos ambientes —incluso en el seno de la propia Iglesia—, sobre todo por las consecuencias que de ella se derivan para la moral concreta. Con todo, puede resultar también un concepto muy útil, cosa que nos parece evidente desde la concepción que sostiene el autor que vamos a estudiar. Así, Amor Ruibal, basado en la teoría de la correlación universal, propone una poco conocida interpretación que nos hará ver que la ley natural no es tan solo un término ni abstracto ni biológico, sino ante todo una llamada a realizarse como seres libres en un mundo que no nos pertenece
In praise of depth
No full textI am totally for the archaeology in and of the present that Rodney Harrison defends in his powerful text. In fact, I have defended a similar idea elsewhere, although in a rather less eloquent and straightforward way. I have suggested that we could transform ethnoarchaeology, an archaeological subdiscipline that already deals with the present, into a true ‘archaeology of the present . . . that . . . deals with people that are alive and things that are in full use, and which accepts that all presents are entangled with a diversity of pasts in a percolating time’ (González-Ruibal 2006a, 112). With the author, I think that archaeological engagements should not be reduced to the past – understood as something remote and finished: archaeology can be a very creative way of dealing with the present, and even of transforming it. I also coincide with Harrison in considering that the archaeology of the contemporary past is less harassed than we tend to think and that we should be less anxious in defending ourselves against possible attackers and focusing more on creating exciting work.Peer Reviewe
Beziehung zwischen HLA und T-Zell-Reaktionen auf Ebola-Virus
No full textEbola virus disease (EVD) is a severe illness caused by infection with Ebola virus (EBOV) which causes sporadic outbreaks in African countries, the last one taking place in West Africa and affecting over 28000 people. Even though several decades have passed since the description of the first EVD cases, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the involvement of the human immune response in the pathophysiology of EVD. Research in this field is challenging because of the requirement of biosafety level 4 containment and the scarcity of human data. During the last EVD outbreak in West Africa, we had the opportunity to establish an immunology lab at Donka hospital in Conakry, Guinea where we collected and analysed leftover blood samples from patients diagnosed by the European Mobile Laboratory. With the use of benchtop multiparametric flow cytometry and subsequent analysis in the biosafety level 4 laboratory in Hamburg, we evaluated the kinetics and phenotype of antigen-presenting cells as well as T cells with the goal to identify immune biomarkers of disease outcome. Our approach was to utilize flow cytometry to characterize cell profiles in blood as well as immunogenetics, in particular analysis of the T-cell receptor clonotypes and HLA polymorphisms. Immune data was then correlated with clinical and epidemiological findings to try to detect potential predictors of outcome and targets for immunotherapy. Our observations highlight the importance of CD16 monocytes in the innate immune response to EBOV infection and in viral clearance. Additionally, we could identify a dysregulation of the adaptive immune response in fatal cases, characterised by the upregulation of the T cell inhibitory markers CTLA-4 and PD-1 and the inability to control viral replication. These results identify CD16 monocytes and the regulatory pathways of T cell responses as potential targets for post-exposure EVD immunotherapy. Moreover, our immunogenetics study evidenced the relevance of the expression of various HLA alleles and the activation of a T cell response through a broad and diverse T cell receptor repertoire in improved disease outcome
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