931 research outputs found
Endothelial cell and T-cell crosstalk: Targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach in chronic inflammation
No full textThe role of metabolic reprogramming in the coordination of the immune response has gained increasing consideration in recent years. Indeed, it has become clear that changes in the metabolic status of immune cells can alter their functional properties. During inflammation, T cells need to generate sufficient energy and biomolecules to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Therefore, T cells need to rearrange their metabolism to meet these demands. A similar metabolic reprogramming has been described in endothelial cells, which have the ability to interact with and modulate the function of immune cells. In this overview, we will discuss recent insights in the complex crosstalk between endothelial cells and T cells as well as their metabolic reprogramming following activation. We highlight key components of this metabolic switch that can lead to the development of new therapeutics against chronic inflammatory disorders. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cellular metabolism and diseases
Publisher Correction: Observation of triple J/? meson production in proton-proton collisions (Nature Physics, (2023), 19, 3, (338-350), 10.1038/s41567-022-01838-y) [2-s2.0-85182705720]
No full textCorrection to: Nature Physics, published online 19 January 2023. In the version of the article initially published, the second affiliation of T. Elkafrawy was incorrect and is now shown as Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © 2023, CERN
Publisher Correction: Observation of triple J/ψ meson production in proton-proton collisions (Nature Physics, (2023), 19, 3, (338-350), 10.1038/s41567-022-01838-y)
No full textCorrection to: Nature Physics, published online 19 January 2023. In the version of the article initially published, the second affiliation of T. Elkafrawy was incorrect and is now shown as Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © 2023, CERN
Publisher Correction: Observation of triple J/ψ meson production in proton-proton collisions
No full textCorrection to: Nature Physics, published online 19 January 2023. In the version of the article initially published, the second affiliation of T. Elkafrawy was incorrect and is now shown as Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.Publisher versio
Publisher Correction: Observation of triple J/? meson production in proton-proton collisions
No full textAbstract
Correction to: Nature Physics, published online 19 January 2023. In the version of the article initially published, the second affiliation of T. Elkafrawy was incorrect and is now shown as Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © 2023, CERN
Numerical Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) T-Beams Strengthened with Pre-Stressed Iron-Based (FeMnSiCrNi) Shape Memory Alloy Bars
No full textShape memory alloy (SMA) is a material that can change shape in response to external stimuli such as temperature, stress, or magnetic fields. SMA types include nitinol (nickel-titanium), copper-aluminum-nickel, copper-zinc-aluminum, iron-manganese-silicon, and various nickel-titanium-X alloys, each exhibiting unique shape memory properties for different applications. Reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened and pre-stressed with Fe-SMA bars are numerically investigated for their flexural response under the influence of various parameters. The bars are embedded in a concrete layer attached to the beam’s soffit. Based on the numerical results, it was found that increasing the compression strength from 30 to 60 MPa slightly improves the beam’s strength (by 2%), but it significantly increases its ductility by approximately 45%. As opposed to this, the strength and ductility of the pre-stressed T-beam are considerably improved by using a larger diameter of Fe-SMA bars. Specifically, using 12 mm Fe-SMA bar over 6 mm resulted in 65% and 47% greater strength and ductility, respectively. Furthermore, this study examines the importance of considering the flange in the flexural design of pre-stressed beams. It is seen that considering a 500 mm flange width enhanced the ductility by 25% compared to the rectangular-section beam. The authors recommend further experimental work to validate and supplement the calculations and methodology used in the current numerical analysis
Endothelial cell and T-cell crosstalk:targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach in chronic inflammation
No full textThe role of metabolic reprogramming in the coordination of the immune response has gained increasing consideration in recent years. Indeed, it has become clear that changes in the metabolic status of immune cells can alter their functional properties. During inflammation, T cells need to generate sufficient energy and biomolecules to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Therefore, T cells need to rearrange their metabolism to meet these demands. A similar metabolic reprogramming has been described in endothelial cells, which have the ability to interact with and modulate the function of immune cells. In this overview, we will discuss recent insights in the complex crosstalk between endothelial cells and T cells as well as their metabolic reprogramming following activation. We highlight key components of this metabolic switch that can lead to the development of new therapeutics against chronic inflammatory disorders.</p
Measurement of the t t ¯ H and tH production rates in the H → b b ¯ decay channel using proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV
No full textAbstract An analysis of the production of a Higgs boson (H) in association with a top quark-antiquark pair ( t t ¯ H ) or a single top quark (tH) is presented. The Higgs boson decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair (H → b b ¯ ) is targeted, and three different final states of the top quark decays are considered, defined by the number of leptons (electrons or muons) in the event. The analysis utilises proton-proton collision data collected at the CERN LHC with the CMS experiment at s = 13 TeV in 2016–2018, which correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1. The observed t t ¯ H production rate relative to the standard model expectation is 0.33 ± 0.26 = 0.33 ± 0.17(stat) ± 0.21(syst). Additionally, the t t ¯ H production rate is determined in intervals of Higgs boson transverse momentum. An upper limit at 95% confidence level is set on the tH production rate of 14.6 times the standard model prediction, with an expectation of 19.3 − 6.0 + 9.2 . Finally, constraints are derived on the strength and structure of the coupling between the Higgs boson and the top quark from simultaneous extraction of the t t ¯ H and tH production rates, and the results are combined with those obtained in other Higgs boson decay channels
Single-photon emission associated with double electron capture in F^{9+}+C collisions
No full textRadiative double electron capture (RDEC), the one-step process occurring in ion-atom collisions, has been investigated for bare fluorine ions colliding with carbon. RDEC is completed when two target electrons are captured to a bound state of a projectile simultaneously with the emission of a single photon. This work is a follow-up to our earlier measurement of RDEC for bare oxygen projectiles, thus providing a recipient system free of electron-related Coulomb fields in both cases and allowing for the comparison between the two collision systems as well as with available theoretical studies. The most significant mechanisms of x-ray emission that may contribute to the RDEC energy region as background processes are also addressed
Measurement of the differential t t ¯ production cross section as a function of the jet mass and extraction of the top quark mass in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks
No full textAbstract A measurement of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of Lorentz-boosted top quarks is presented. The measurement is performed in the lepton + jets channel of top quark pair production ( t t ¯ ) events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay are reconstructed using a single large-radius jet with transverse momentum greater than 400 Ge V . The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb - 1 . The differential t t ¯ production cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded to the particle level and is used to extract the top quark mass. The jet mass scale is calibrated using the hadronic W boson decay within the large-radius jet. The uncertainties in the modelling of the final state radiation are reduced by studying angular correlations in the jet substructure. These developments lead to a significant increase in precision, and a top quark mass of 173.06 ± 0.84 Ge V
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