105,538 research outputs found
Rational voters, elections and central banks: do representative democracies need non representative institutions?
No full textDo Policy Makers’ Distributional Desires Lead to an Inflationary Bias
No full textThe political interpretation behind the Barro-Gordon model hinges on two assumptions: Inflation and output growth have distributional effects, and policymakers' distributional desires can be represented by a quadratic loss function in terms of output and inflation. In this article we have examined these two assumptions. Our main results are (1) inflation and output growth have significant effects on the size income distribution, (2) if policymakers are only concerned with the income distribution, no inflationary bias will arise; and (3) the Barro-Gordon model may represent a political model in which political parties care about both the size income distribution and output growth. However, the inflationary bias implied by the Barro-Gordon model should not be associated with the political color of the policymakers
Rational voters, elections and central banks: do representative democracies need non representative institutions?
No full textDiscovery of a 205.89 Hz accreting millisecond x-ray pulsar in the globular cluster NGC 6440
No full textWe report on the discovery of the second accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP) in the globular cluster NGC 6440. Pulsations with a frequency of 205.89 Hz were detected with RXTE on 2009 August 30, October 1 and October 28, during the decays of 4 day outbursts of a newly X-ray transient source in NGC 6440. By studying the Doppler shift of the pulsation frequency, we find that the system is an ultra-compact binary with an orbital period of 57.3 minutes and a projected semimajor axis of 6.22 lt-ms. Based on the mass function, we estimate a lower limit to the mass of the companion to be 0.0067 M ? (assuming a 1.4 M ? neutron star). This new pulsar shows the shortest outburst recurrence time among AMXPs (~1 month). If this behavior does not cease, this AMXP has the potential to be one of the best sources in which to study how the binary system and the neutron star spin evolve. Furthermore, the characteristics of this new source indicate that there might exist a population of AMXPs undergoing weak outbursts which are undetected by current all-sky X-ray monitors. NGC 6440 is the only globular cluster to host two known AMXPs, while no AMXPs have been detected in any other globular cluster
Letter from James M. Swank, American Iron and Steel Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to W. H. Woodward Brothers, Wheeling, West Virginia, January 7, 1881
No full textItem is from the Woodward Family Papers, an extensive collection, including business and personal correspondence, financial records, photographs, and other materials of this Birmingham, Alabama family which operated the Woodward Iron Company
Relations between x-ray timing features and spectral parameters of galactic black hole x-ray binaries
No full textWe present a study of correlations between spectral and timing parameters for a sample of black hole X-ray binary candidates. Data are taken from GX
339-4, H 1743-322, and XTE J1650-500, as the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
(RXTE) observed complete outbursts of these sources. In our study we investigate outbursts that happened before the end of 2009 to make use of the high-energy coverage of the HEXTE detector and select observations that
show a certain type of quasi-periodic oscillations (type-C QPOs). The spectral parameters are derived using the empirical convolution model simpl to model the Comptonized component of the emission together with a disc blackbody for the emission of the accretion disc. Additional spectral features, namely a reflection component, a high-energy cut-off, and excess emission at 6.4 keV, are taken into account. Our investigations confirm the known positive
correlation between photon index and centroid frequency of the QPOs and reveal an anti-correlation between the fraction of up-scattered photons and the QPO frequency. We show that both correlations behave as expected in the “sombrero”
geometry. Furthermore, we find that during outburst decay the correlation between photon index and QPO frequency follow a general track, independent of individual outbursts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Politics of Antitrust and Merger Review in the European Union: Institutional Change and Decisions from Messina to 2004. CES Working Paper, no. 142, 2007
No full textAntitrust regulation and the related merger review are essential for making a market economy work. Mer-ger review is also among the most prominent powers of the European Commission in the Common Market of the EU. How did this supranational actor come to acquire such power? And what explains the variation in the Commission's decisions in some of the trans-atlantically most controversial merger review cases in recent years? In this paper, we develop a modified neofunctionalist theory as a historical institutionalist the-ory of institutional change that integrates elements of rational choice and social constructivism. We argue that it provides a superior explanation of (1) the institutional development of the European Commission’s competence over antitrust matters and merger review from the 1950s negotiations over the Treaty of Rome through the changes of 2004 and (2) the Commission’s decisions in some of the most prominent cases, where a high level of politicization makes a neofunctionalist explanation least likely
Electoral and partisan cycles between US economic performance and presidential popularity: a comment on Stephen E. Haynes.
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