3,155 research outputs found
Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing.
No full textMalaria elimination strategies require surveillance of the parasite population for genetic changes that demand a public health response, such as new forms of drug resistance. Here we describe methods for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum by deep sequencing of parasite DNA obtained from the blood of patients with malaria, either directly or after short-term culture. Analysis of 86,158 exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms that passed genotyping quality control in 227 samples from Africa, Asia and Oceania provides genome-wide estimates of allele frequency distribution, population structure and linkage disequilibrium. By comparing the genetic diversity of individual infections with that of the local parasite population, we derive a metric of within-host diversity that is related to the level of inbreeding in the population. An open-access web application has been established for the exploration of regional differences in allele frequency and of highly differentiated loci in the P. falciparum genome
Theoretical Design of a 104 MHz Ladder Type IH-RFQ Accelerator
No full textBeam dynamics and rf designs of a 104 MHz ladder type IH-RFQ (L-IH-RFQ) accelerator are finished at Peking University for the acceleration of (14)C(+) from 40 keV to 500 keV. As a specific feature, the output beam energy spread is as low as 0.6% achieved with the internal discrete bunching method, which makes potential applications of RFQ feasible, such as accelerator mass spectrometry and ion implantation. Tolerances of the beam dynamics design are studied by means of changing the input beam parameters, and the results are quite satisfying. On the other hand, the L-IH-RFQ structure is employed, taking advantage of its mechanical stability and the absence of inter-electrode voltage asymmetry. Radio-frequency properties are studied and optimized for reducing power loss with Microwave Studio (MWS). Tuning of the field flatness and frequency is investigated in principle.Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)2ARTICLE11null2
The Effect of Glossing on EFL Learners⿿ Incidental Vocabulary Learning in Reading
No full textAbstractGlossing is a technique which is used to aid reading comprehension and vocabulary learning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of glossing on incidental vocabulary learning of learners with low English proficiency. In addition to gloss and no-gloss comparison, different types of glosses, L1 and L2, were compared as well in terms of their effect on incidental vocabulary learning. For this comparison, no-glossed, L1-glossed and L2-glossed versions of a reading text were used. A total of 126 preparatory school students at Nigde University participated in the study and they were randomly assigned into one of the groups of L1 gloss, L2 gloss and no-gloss. After they read the text, they were given an immediate post-test, a multiple choice vocabulary test. They took the same test two weeks later as a delayed post-test. The participants also completed a student opinion questionnaire about their preference and usage of glosses. The results of the vocabulary tests indicated that, L1 gloss group significantly outperformed L2 gloss group and no-gloss group was significantly better than L2 gloss group. The survey results also indicated that participants preferred glosses in reading and they gave preference to L1 glosses. The results of the study may have some implications suggesting that L1 glosses were especially beneficial for learners with low English proficiency
Teacher Interruptions and Limited Wait Time in EFL Young Learner Classrooms
No full textAbstractIn human interaction, change of speakership becomes natural at certain points in utterances called Transition Relevance Places (TRPs), and if a listener steps in at a point that is not a TRP, an interruption, and thus a potential trouble may emerge. In an EFL classroom, a teacher can create learning opportunities by managing interaction successfully, with awareness of TRPs and potential interruptions. Lack of this awareness, conversely, may lead to teacher interruptions and limited student participation. This paper attempts to show how teachers⿿ interruptions and limited wait-time practices affect learner participation and learning opportunities in EFL young learner classrooms. The data consist of transcriptions of video recorded classroom interactions that come from three fifth grade intermediate level classrooms. The findings revealed that teachers⿿ interruptions and limited wait-time obstructed learner participation and learning opportunities in both form-and-accuracy and meaning-and-fluency contexts (Seedhouse, 2004). The results demonstrate that teachers⿿ use of language and their Classroom Interactional Competence (CIC, Walsh, 2006) are crucial for providing sufficient learning space and facilitating learner engagement. Implications are discussed for teacher education and teachers⿿ CIC
Feđa Šehović s Narrator/Author Faces
No full textPitanje autora i autorstva jedno je od otvorenih pitanja književne znanosti. Neovisno o odgovorima što ih podastire književna teorija, književna praksa obiluje mnoštvom primjera različitog iskazivanja »autorskog« i »autorstva«. Kada je riječ o Feđi Šehoviću, po nama su, posve pojednostavljeno, tri glasa/lica njegova književnog autorstva; prvo, ismjehivačko, drugo dokumentarno i treće izmišljeno pripovjedačko, a svako je ostvareno primjerenim brojem relevantnih književnih stranica.The question of author and authorship is one of open questions of literary science. Independently of the answers served by the literary theory, literary practice is filled with numerous examples of different representations of »what is of the author« and »authorship«. When it comes to Feđa Šehović, in a simplified manner, we think that there are three voices/faces of his literary authorship; the first - derisive one, the second – his documentary face and the third invented-narrator face, each of which accomplished by a suitable number of relevant literary pages
LIKOVNA SCENA U SPLITU 1970.-IH
No full textGospodarski rast, industrijski uzlet i razvitak turizma uzrok su brojnim promjenama koje su se dogodile u Splitu 1970-ih, od kojih se ističu one u urbanističkom razvoju grada (projekt Splita 3, izgradnja u sklopu Mediteranskih igara) i nastanak Sveučilišta. Splitsku likovnu, kao i čitavu kulturnu scenu 70-ih karakterizira izrazito institucionalizirani način kulturne proizvodnje, iako su se promjene na jugoslavenskoj i međunarodnoj likovnoj sceni odrazile i na način shvaćanja umjetnosti u lokalnom kontekstu. Tako do prvih manifestacija nekonvencionalnih načina umjetničkog djelovanja na tragu konceptualne umjetnosti dolazi 1968. aktivnostima grupe Crveni Peristil. Linija radikalnijih oblika umjetničke prakse nastavljena je krajem 80-ih, dok je 70-e obilježio kontinuitet estetike 50-ih i 60-ih – apstrakcija, obnovljeni nadrealizam i naiva, te individualni autorski izričaji. Likovna scena prikazana je nizom izložaba – uz samostalne izložbe i skupne manifestacije (Splitski salon, Prvomajska izložba, Bijenale suvremene grafike, Omladinski salon i Bijenale slika malog formata), prikazana je i izložbena djelatnost mnogobrojnih udruga umjetnika-amatera. Uz već afirmiranu generaciju slikara (Antun Zupa, Ante Kaštelančić, Josip Botteri Dini) počinje izlagati i mlađa generacija (Jakov Budeša, Mile Skračić, Petar Jakelić, Jurica Kezić, Velebit Restović), dok se među kiparima ističu Vasko Lipovac, Kažimir Hraste i Kuzma Kovačić. Dominantna obilježja likovne scene – konzervativizam i akademizam umjetničkih krugova – utjecali su na stagnaciju u likovnom smislu i izostanak radikalnijih oblika umjetničke prakse, uz iznimku malobrojnih autora konceptualne scene, među kojima se ističe djelovanje Gorkoga Žuvele. Stoga su u likovnoj kritici tog razdoblja česte polemike u vezi vrijednosnih kriterija, podjednako onih kojima se prosuđuje tradicionalnija, modernistička kao i suvremena umjetnička produkcija. S namjerom da se prikažu ideje i problemi područja vizualne kulture, dan je prikaz fotografske, kinoklupske, dizajnerske i kazališne scene, pri čemu se nastoji ukazati na njihovu međusobnu isprepletenost i ulogu umjetnika i kulturnih radnika u nastanku izvaninstitucionalne, alternativne kulture. Sagledavanje popularnokulturnih fenomena usmjereno je na Splitski festival i rock-kulturu – na novinske članke, kulturne i omladinske časopise koji pružaju uvid u širi društveni kontekst likovne i kulturne scene Splita 70-ih.Economic growth, industrial take-off and the development of tourism are the cause of many changes that took place in Split in the 1970s, of which the most notable ones are those in the construction plan (project Split 3, the construction for the Mediterranean Games) and the development of the University. Split art scene (as well as the whole cultural scene) during the 70s is characterized by institutionalized approach, however, changes in the international scene had influence in artistic production – the first event of non-conventional modes of artistic activity comes in 1968. with the action made by group Red Peristyle. Radical forms of artistic practice continued in the late 80s, while in the 70s continuity aesthetics of the 50s and 60s took place - an abstraction, surrealism renewed and naive, and the individual author expressions. Art scene is presented by a series of exhibitions – with solo exhibitions and group events (Split Salon, May Day exhibition, Biennale of contemporary graphics, Youth Salon and Biennial exhibition of the small format), as well as the exhibiting activity of numerous associations of artists-amateurs. In addition to the well established generation of painters (Antun Zupa, Ante Kaštelančić, Josip Botteri Dini), the younger generation begins to exhibit (Jakov Budeša, Mile Skračić, Peter Jakelić, Jurica Kezić, Velebit Restović), while among the sculptors Vasko Lipovac, Kažimir Hraste and Kuzma Kovačić stand out. The dominant characteristics of the art scene – conservatism and academicism – have resulted in stagnation in the artistic sense and the lack of contemporary art (with the exception of a few authors, among which the significant work of Gorki Žuvela), so in art criticism occurred polemics concerning the criteria of traditionalism and actuality. In order to present the ideas and problems of the field of visual culture, a review of photographic, cinemaclub, designer and theater productions is given with an effort to point out their mutual interpenetration and the role of artists and cultural workers whose activity had distinction of non-institutional cultural action. Split Festival and rock culture are examples of pop cultural phenomena, while newspaper articles, culture and youth magazines provide insight and help reconstruct the context of the Split social scene in the 70s
Elastic wave speeds and moduli in polycrystalline ice Ih, sI methane hydrate, and sII methane-ethane hydrate
No full textAuthor Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): B02212, doi:10.1029/2008JB006132.We used ultrasonic pulse transmission to measure compressional, P, and shear, S, wave speeds in laboratory-formed polycrystalline ice Ih, sI methane hydrate, and sII methane-ethane hydrate. From the wave speed's linear dependence on temperature and pressure and from the sample's calculated density, we derived expressions for bulk, shear, and compressional wave moduli and Poisson's ratio from −20 to −5°C and 22.4 to 32.8 MPa for ice Ih, −20 to 15°C and 30.5 to 97.7 MPa for sI methane hydrate, and −20 to 10°C and 30.5 to 91.6 MPa for sII methane-ethane hydrate. All three materials had comparable P and S wave speeds and decreasing shear wave speeds with increasing applied pressure. Each material also showed evidence of rapid intergranular bonding, with a corresponding increase in wave speed, in response to pauses in sample deformation. There were also key differences. Resistance to uniaxial compaction, indicated by the pressure required to compact initially porous samples, was significantly lower for ice Ih than for either hydrate. The ice Ih shear modulus decreased with increasing pressure, in contrast to the increase measured in both hydrates.This work was supported by NSF grant
OCE-97-10506, DOE grants DE-FG0386ER 13601 and DE-FG07-96ER
14723, DOE/LLNL contract W-7405-ENG-48, GRI grant 5094-210-3235-
1, NEDO, as well as by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Coastal and Marine
Geology and Eastern Region Gas Hydrate Programs
Udruženje književnika Bosne i Hercegovine u jugoslovenskim i bosanskohercegovačkim društveno-političkim i idejnim previranjima od sredine 1960-ih do početka 1970-ih
No full textIn the paper, author shows how the reconstitution and decentralization of socialist Yugoslavia in the 1960s, as well asthe legitimization of national question and affirmation ofYugoslav federal units as national and socio-cultural entities, reflected on the organizational structure of the Writers' Union of Yugoslavia, as well as on the Association of Writers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. How the political elite of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as part of their effort to move its republic from the periphery of political and cultural power to a more equal position, tried to implement the Bosnian cultural policythrough the Association. Within the mentioned policy Bosnian political elite strive to define more precisely and to determine the literary-linguistic identity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In theprocess of defining the cultural identity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, cultural intelligentsia played the role of dominant producers of discourse and was mainly gathered within the Association of Writers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In her work the author shows how the Serbo-Croatian national-cultural disputes were revived at that time reflecting the work of the Association, provoking the inner conflicts within it, conflicts that destabilazed not only Bosnian Association of Writers but the Republic (B&H) itself.Author presents ideological, conceptual side of the conflicts but its „practical“ essence as well.Key “dilemma” that has been implicitly imposed through the work is whether the Association of Writers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, just like the republic itself, was an unstable, artificial organization that gathered intelligence deeply divided by ideological and national-cultural boundaries, or it was the organization / republic that the exponents Serbian and Croatian national exclusivism, with a certain political goal, tried, within public discourse, to present as such.Autorica u ovom radu nastoji pokazati kako je, u jugoslovenskom i bosanskohercegovačkom konjunkturnom društveno-političkom kontekstu, od sredine 1960-ih do početka 1970-ih godina 20. stoljeća, u kojem su idejno i sadržajno revidirani pojam nacionalno-kulturnog jugoslovenstva na kulturnom planu i narativno „osmišljavane“ neke „nove“ nacionalne i društvene kulturne formacije, među kojima i bosanskohercegovačka politička elita SR Bosne i Hercegovine koja je, kao patron republičke kulture, preusmjeravala društvenu i idejnu ulogu Udruženja književnika Bosne i Hercegovine koje je trebalo učestvovati u ravnopravnoj afirmaciji savremene, i dotad konceptualno nepostojeće bosanskohercegovačke književnosti. Kulturna i književna ravnopravnost, afirmiranost i „vidljivost“ Bosne i Hercegovine na saveznom nivou, razumijevana je kao dio ukupne političke ravnopravnosti te republike, kao federalne jedinice u SFR Jugoslaviji
Američki utjecaj na hrvatsko društvo 1920-ih
No full textU ovom radu autorica analizira časopise koji su izlazili dvadesetih godina dvadesetog stoljeća, Svijet i Ženski list, stavljajući ih u okvir američkog utjecaja na društvena zbivanja u Hrvatskoj dvadesetih godina. Prvi dio rada prikazuje američku kulturu općenito, te kako je američka kultura viđena na području Hrvatske. Drugi dio rada obuhvaća prikaz i analizu stavova i mišljenja urednika i novinara hrvatskih časopisa o utjecaju američke kulture na hrvatsko društvo. U radu se pokušava odgovoriti na pitanja kako su časopisi prikazivali različite teme iz društvenog života, poput mode, kina i kazališta, umjetnosti, savjetima za kućanstvo, te koji su ciljevi postignuti različitim člancima. Zadnji dio rada prikazuje veliku ekonomsku krizu koja je na nekoliko godina zaustavila lagodan život, te kako se našlo rješenje izlaska iz krize. Analiza časopisa pokazala je velik utjecaj američke kulture na hrvatske prostore.In this paper the author has analyzed magazines published during the 1920s, Svijet and Ženski list, putting them in the context of the American influence on social events in Croatia in the 1920s. First part of the paper portrays the American culture in general, and how it is perceived in Croatia. Second part of the paper includes the overview and analysis of attitudes and opinions of the Croatian magazines’ editors and journalists on the influence that the American culture has on Croatian society. This paper will discover how the magazines depicted various topics from social life, such as fashion, cinema and theatre, art, household advice, and which goals were achieved in different articles. Last part of the paper describes the Great Depression that had stopped the easy living for a few years, and how the solution for stopping the crisis was found. The analysis of the magazines has shown that the American culture had a big influence on the area of Croatia
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE OH/OD STRETCHING REGIONS OF THE VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF ICE IH
No full textAuthor Institution: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationIn this paper we present results of our theoretical studies of the vibrational spectra of ice Ih in the stretching mode frequency range. They include simulation of the infrared and Raman spectra for the OH and OD stretching regions, the effects of a full range of isotopic dilution on the spectra (including polarized Raman spectra) and computational modeling of the observed influence of each dilution step on the properties of vibrationally excited states and on the infrared and Raman spectra. In our calculations we included effects of frequency lowering due to hydrogen bonding, and of intra- and intermolecular coupling between bonds. In the crystalline isotopomers the properties of the vibrationally excited states and of the spectra are determined by a complex interplay between the size distributions of the embedded clusters and the inter- and intramolecular couplings
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