12,110 research outputs found
Osteoarthritis guidelines: a progressive role for topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
No full textSteven P Stanos Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Center for Pain Management, Chicago, IL, USA Abstract: Current treatment guidelines for the treatment of chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis reflect the collective clinical knowledge of international experts in weighing the benefits of pharmacologic therapy options while striving to minimize the negative effects associated with them. Consideration of disease progression, pattern of flares, level of functional impairment or disability, response to treatment, coexisting conditions such as cardiovascular disease or gastrointestinal disorders, and concomitant prescription medication use should be considered when creating a therapeutic plan for a patient with osteoarthritis. Although topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs historically have not been prevalent in many of the guidelines for osteoarthritis treatment, recent evidence-based medicine and new guidelines now support their use as a viable option for the clinician seeking alternatives to typical oral formulations. This article provides a qualitative review of these treatment guidelines and the emerging role of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a therapy option for patients with localized symptoms of osteoarthritis who may be at risk for oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related serious adverse events. Keywords: osteoarthritis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, guidelines, topical analgesics, diclofena
Validity testing of patient objections to acceptance of tamper-resistant opioid formulations
No full textCharles E Argoff,1 Steven P Stanos,2 Matthew S Wieman31Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College Neurology Group, Albany, NY, USA; 2Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Center for Pain Management, Northwestern University Medical School, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; 3Department of Medical Sciences, Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chadds Ford, PA, USABackground: Tamper-resistant formulations (TRFs) of oral opioid drugs are intended to prevent certain types of abuse (eg, intranasal, intravenous). Patients raising objections to receiving a TRF may have valid concerns or may be seeking a formulation that can be more easily misused.Methods: US clinicians experienced in pain management met in October 2011 to discuss common patient objections to being switched from a non-TRF opioid to a TRF of the same opioid. Retail pharmacy, health insurance, and scientific data were used to assess the potential validity of these patient objections.Results: Clinical experience switching patients from a non-TRF to a TRF opioid was limited to oxycodone controlled release (CR), as it was the only TRF available at that time; knowledge of other TRFs was limited to the scientific literature. Common objections from patients included “costs more,” “not covered by insurance,” “can't feel it working,” and “causes adverse events.” Objective retail pharmacy and insurance coverage information for oxycodone CR was accessible and indicated that patient objections were based on cost and coverage varied by insurer. Unpublished trial results (ClinicalTrials.gov) revealed that TRF oxycodone CR has a slower initial release than the non-TRF formulation, which may reduce positive subjective effects. The complaint “I can't feel it working” may reflect lessened positive subjective effects rather than reduced analgesic efficacy. Most tolerability complaints lacked objective support.Conclusion: The general process used to assess the validity of patient objections to TRF oxycodone CR may be applied to other TRFs once they become available. Publication of clinical data on TRFs would help clinicians to appropriately weigh patient concerns.Keywords: opioid analgesics, chronic pain, substance abuse, tamper-resistant formulation
A new species of Aleurolobus Quaintance et Baker (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) from Southern Europe.
No full textAleurolobus teucrii n. sp. is described from southern Italy and the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). The species seems to be monophagous on Teucrium fruticans L. A key to the European species of this genus (A. niloticus Priesner et Hosny, A. olivinus (Silvestri), A. wunni (Ryberg) and A. teucrii n. sp.) is provided.peer-reviewe
Mosquito Larvicidal Constituents from Lantana Viburnoides SP Viburnoides Var Kisi (A. rich) Verdc (Verbenaceae).
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Lantana viburnoides sp viburnoides var kisi is used in Tanzania ethnobotanically to repel mosquitoes as well as in traditional medicine for stomach ache relief. Bioassay-guided fractionation and subtraction bioassays of the dichloromethane extract of the root barks were carried out in order to identify the bioactive components for controlling Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquito larvae. Twenty late III or early IV instar larvae of An. gambiae s.s. were exposed to various concentrations of the plant extracts, fractions, blends and pure compounds, and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 1996. Mean mortalities were compared using Dunnett's test (p < 0.05) and lethal concentration calculated by Lackfit Inversel of the SAS programme. The crude extract (LC50 = 7.70 ppm in 72 h) and fractions exhibited different level of mosquito larvicidal activity with subtraction of some fractions resulting in activity enhancement. The active fractions contained furanonaphthaquinones regio-isomers (LC50 = 5.48-5.70 ppm in 72 h) and the lantadene triterpenoid camaric acid (LC50 = 6.19 ppm in 72 h) as active principles while the lupane triterpenoid betulinic acid (LC50 < 10 ppm in 72 h) was obtained from the least active fraction. Crude extracts and some fractions had higher or comparable larvicidal activity to the pure compounds. These results demonstrate that L. viburnoides sp viburnoides var kisi extracts may serve as larvicides for managing various mosquito habitats even in their semi-purified form. The isolated compounds can be used as distinct markers in the active extracts or plant materials belonging to the genus Lantana
Thermotoga lettingae sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, methanol-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic anaerobic reactor
No full textA novel, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, mobile, Gram-negative, thermophilic bacterium, strain TMO(T), was isolated from a thermophilic sulfate-reducing bioreactor operated at 65 degrees C with methanol as the sole substrate. The G C content of the DNA of strain TMO(T) was 39.2 molÐThe optimum pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature for growth were 7.0, 1.0°and 65 degrees C, respectively. Strain TMO(T) was able to degrade methanol to CO(2) and H(2) in syntrophic culture with Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DeltaH or Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii. Thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, Fe(III) and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate were able to serve as electron acceptors during methanol degradation. In the presence of thiosulfate or elemental sulfur, methanol was converted to CO(2) and partly to alanine. In pure culture, strain TMO(T) was also able to ferment methanol to acetate, CO(2) and H(2). However, this degradation occurred slower than in syntrophic cultures or in the presence of electron acceptors. Yeast extract was required for growth. Besides growing on methanol, strain TMO(T) grew by fermentation on a variety of carbohydrates including monomeric and oligomeric sugars, starch and xylan. Acetate, alanine, CO(2), H(2), and traces of ethanol, lactate and alpha-aminobutyrate were produced during glucose fermentation. Comparison of 16S rDNA genes revealed that strain TMO(T) is related to Thermotoga subterranea (98€and Thermotoga elfii (98Ž The type strain is TMO(T) (=DSM 14385(T)=ATCC BAA-301(T)). On the basis of the fact that these organisms differ physiologically from strain TMO(T), it is proposed that strain TMO(T) be classified as a new species, within the genus Thermotoga, as Thermotoga lettingae
Data Science Education: The Signal Processing Perspective [SP Education]
No full textIn the last decade, the signal processing (SP) community has witnessed a paradigm shift from model-based to data-driven methods. Machine learning (ML) - more specifically, deep learning - methodologies are nowadays widely used in all SP fields, e.g., audio, speech, image, video, multimedia, and multimodal/multisensor processing, to name a few. Many data-driven methods also incorporate domain knowledge to improve problem modeling, especially when computational burden, training data scarceness, and memory size are important constraints.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Signal Processing System
Screening of biodiesel production from waste tuna oil (Thunnus sp.), seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria sp.
No full textBiodiesel has several advantages over solar. Compared to solar, biodiesel has more eco-friendly characteristic
and produces lower greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel that is made from animal fats can be produced from fish oil,
while other alternative sources from vegetable oils are seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria sp. Waste tuna oil
(Thunnus sp.) in Indonesia is commonly a side product of tuna canning industries known as tuna precook oil; on the other
hand, seaweed Gracilaria sp. and Kappaphycus alvarezii are commonly found in Indonesia’s seas. Seaweed waste that
was used in the present study was 100 kg and in wet condition, and the waste oil was 10 liter. The seaweed was extracted
with soxhletation method that used n-hexane as the solvent. To produce biodiesel, trans esterification was performed on
the seaweed oil that was obtained from the soxhletation process and waste tuna oil. Biodiesel manufactured from
seaweed K. alvarezii obtained the best score in flash point, freezing point, and viscosity test. However, according to level
of manufacturing efficiency, biodiesel from waste tuna oil is more efficient and relatively easier compared to biodiesel
from waste K. alvarezii and Gracilaria sp
Fig. 6. (a) Streptomyces sp. strain AF1 (left, Author collection) and (b) Streptomyces rochei strain AB1 (right, compared to [24])
No full textStreptomyces sp. strain AF1 (left, Author collection) and (b) Streptomyces rochei strain AB1 (right, compared to [24]
Battle of powers: Brazil: from democratic transition to constitutional resilience
No full textIn the context of strong political polarization, intensification of distributive conflicts and clashes among powers - which have permeated Brazilian political life in the last decade - , the country has experienced profound constitutional malaise. Oscar Vilhena Vieira provides us in this book with an analysis of the Brazilian institutional crises with sobriety and erudition. An acute observer of the process of constitutionalization of the Brazilian political life, the author points to the fundamental role of consensual political model adopted by the 1988 Constitution to enable and defend the rules of the democratic order
Nesticus baeticus sp. n., a new troglobitic spider species from south-west Europe (Araneae, Nesticidae)
No full textA new troglobitic species, Nesticus baeticus sp. n. (♂♀), inhabiting the karst landscapes of the high part of the Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas Natural Park (NE Jaén, Spain) where it has been found in 8 caves is diagnosed and described, its distribution and habitat are also analyzed.The new species belongs to the Iberian species group that includes Nesticus luquei, Nesticus lusitanicus and Nesticus murgis. Evolutionary relationships of the Iberian Nesticus species are discussed on the basis of morphological and molecular data (cox1 and rrnL). Arachnida, Araneae, taxonomy, description, new species, caves, Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean basi
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