76,685 research outputs found
How much control is enough? Monitoring and enforcement under Stalin
No full textGiven wide scope for asymmetric information in huge hierarchies agents have a large capacity for opportunistic behaviour. Hidden actions increase transactions costs and cause the demand for monitoring and enforcement. Once the latter are costly, this raises questions about their scope, logistics and type. Using historical records, this paper examines the Stalin’s answers to them. We find that Stalin maximised efficiency of the Soviet system of control but had to mitigate with the problems of the loyalty of inspectors themselves and the necessity to lessen the risk of a “chaos of orders” arising from parallel centres of power
Speech delivered by J. V. Stalin at a meeting of voters of the Stalin electoral area of Moscow February 9, 1946
No full textText of a Speech Delivered by J V Stalin at an Election Rally in Stalin Electoral Area Moscow February 9 1946March 1946.The International Labour and Radical History Pamphlet Collection consists of over 2200 pamphlets representing a broad spectrum of leftist opinion, including communists, socialists, liberal reformers, trade unionists, civil libertarians and antiwar activists. The majority of the pamphlets are in English and were published between 1920-1970 in the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, Canada and China. There are also a number of earlier Fabian Society publications. Further information: http://www.library.mun.ca/asc/specialcollections/collections/radica
Totalitarianism and geography: L.S. Berg and the defence of an academic discipline in the age of Stalin
No full textIn considering the complex relationship between science and politics, the article focuses upon the career of the eminent Russian scholar, Lev Semenovich Berg (1876–1950), one of the leading geographers of the Stalin period. Already before the Russian Revolution, Berg had developed a naturalistic notion of landscape geography which later appeared to contradict some aspects of Marxist–Leninist ideology. Based partly upon Berg's personal archive, the article discusses the effects of the 1917 revolution, the radical changes which Stalin's cultural revolution (from the late 1920s) brought upon Soviet science, and the attacks made upon Berg and his concept of landscape geography thereafter. The ways in which Berg managed to defend his notion of geography (sometimes in surprisingly bold ways) are considered. It is argued that geography's position under Stalin was different from that of certain other disciplines in that its ideological disputes may have been regarded as of little significance by the party leaders, certainly by comparison with its practical importance, thus providing a degree of ‘freedom’ for some geographers at least analogous to that which has been described by Weiner (1999. <i>A little corner of freedom: Russian nature protection from Stalin to Gorbachev</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press) for conservationists. It is concluded that Berg and others successfully upheld a concept of scientific integrity and limited autonomy even under Stalinism, and that, in an era of ‘Big Science’, no modernizing state could or can afford to emasculate these things entirely
How Much Control is Enough? Monitoring and Enforcement under Stalin.
No full textIn hierarchies, agents’ hidden actions increase principals' transactions costs and give rise to a demand for monitoring and enforcement. The fact that the latter are costly raises questions about their scope, organisation, and type. How much control is enough? The paper uses historical records to examine Stalin’s answers to this question. We find that Stalin's behaviour was consistent with his aiming to maximise the efficiency of the Soviet system of control subject to the loyalty of his inspectors and the risk of a “chaos of orders” arising from parallel centres of power.Casymmetric information, principal-agent problem, transaction costs, hierarchy, USSR
Allocation under dictatorship : research in Stalin’s archives
No full textWe survey recent research on the Soviet economy in the state, party, and military
archives of the Stalin era. The archives have provided rich new evidence on the economic
arrangements of a command system under a powerful dictator including
Stalin’s role in the making of the economic system and economic policy, Stalin’s accumulation
objectives and the constraints that limited his power to achieve them, the
limits to administrative allocation, the information flows and incentives that governed
the behavior of economic managers, the scope and significance of corruption and
market-oriented behavior, and the prospects for economic reform
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
X-ray spectral and timing analysis of the Compton Thick Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068
No full textWe present the timing and spectral analysis of the Compton Thick Seyfert 2
active galactic nuclei NGC 1068 observed using {\it NuSTAR} and {\it
XMM-Newton}. In this work for the first time we calculated the coronal
temperature () of the source and checked for its variation between
the epochs if any. The data analysed in this work comprised of (a) eight epochs
of observations with {\it NuSTAR} carried out during the period December 2012
to November 2017, and, (b) six epochs of observations with {\it XMM-Newton}
carried out during July 2000 to February 2015. From timing analysis of the {\it
NuSTAR} observations, we found the source not to show any variations in the
soft band. However, on examination of the flux at energies beyond 20 keV,
during August 2014 and August 2017 the source was brighter by about 20\% and
30\% respectively compared to the mean flux of the three 2012 {\it NuSTAR}
observations as in agreement with earlier results in literature. From an
analysis of {\it XMM-Newton} data we found no variation in the hard band (2
4 keV) between epochs as well as within epochs. In the soft band (0.2 2
keV), while the source was found to be not variable within epochs, it was found
to be brighter in epoch B relative to epoch A. By fitting physical models we
determined to range between 8.46 keV and
9.13 keV. From our analysis, we conclude that we found no
variation of in the source.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
On the Properties of X-Ray Corona in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
No full textWe carried out a uniform and systematic analysis of a sample of 112 nearby bright Seyfert 1 type active galactic nuclei, the observations of which were carried out by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array between 2013 August and 2022 May. The main goal of this analysis is to investigate the nature of the X-ray corona in Seyfert 1 galaxies. By fitting a physical model to the NuSTAR spectra, we could constrain the high-energy cutoff (Ecut) for 73 sources in our sample. To estimate the temperature of the corona (kTe) in our sample of 112 sources, we used the Comptonization model to fit their spectra. We could constrain kTe in 42 sources. We found a strong positive correlation between Ecut and kTe, with most of the sources lying above the empirical approximation of Ecut = 2−3 kTe. We investigated for possible correlations between various properties of the corona obtained from physical model fits to the observed spectra and between various coronal parameters and physical properties of the sources such as Eddington ratio and black hole mass. We found (a) a strong correlation between Ecut and the photon index and (b) a significant negative correlation between kTe and the optical depth. From detailed statistical analysis of the correlation of coronal parameters with the Eddington ratio and black hole mass, we found no significant correlation. The correlations observed in this study indicate that an optically thin corona is needed to sustain a hotter corona with a steeper spectrum
Prompt charm production in pp collisions at √<span style="text-decoration:overline">s</span>=7 TeV
No full textCharm production at the LHC in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector. The decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, D⁎+→D0(K−π+)π+, D+s→ϕ(K−K+)π+, Λ+c→pK−π+, and their charge conjugates are analysed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 nb−1. Differential cross-sections dσ/dpT are measured for prompt production of the five charmed hadron species in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity in the region 0<pT<8 GeV/c and 2.0<y<4.5. Theoretical predictions are compared to the measured differential cross-sections. The integrated cross-sections of the charm hadrons are computed in the above pT-y range, and their ratios are reported. A combination of the five integrated cross-section measurements gives
σ(cc¯)pT<8 GeV/c,2.0<y<4.5=1419±12(stat)±116(syst)±65(frag) μb,
where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the fragmentation functions
Phoenix Stalin: Political-social Analysis
No full textkatedra: KFL; přílohy: CD; rozsah: 64 s.This Bachelor Thesis looks at Vissarionovič Joseph Stalin as a phenomenonin world history. The aim of the work is to bring socio-political analysis based oncomparison of already existing written sources. To be more specific, on the basis ofCVs from the author Edvard Radzinsky, Alan Bullock, Walter Kerr, Václav Veber,Marcou Lilly and Robert C. Tucker. Due to different interpretation of the life stages acomparison of the individual authors is carried out and the differentiations oragreements between the authors is pointed.The Bachelor Thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part mentionsthe reason for the choice of diploma's subject and introduces the reader into itscontent. Furthermore, the main part - chronologically arranged chapters about the lifedevelopment of Vissarionovič Joseph Stalin from the perspective of authors. Theresult of this part leads to a comprehensive biography of J.V. Stalin. Last but not leasta confrontation of my own results and the authors? opinions is made in the last part.Bakalářská práce rozebírá Josefa Vissarionoviče Stalina jako fenoménsvětových dějin. Cílem práce je snaha podat sociálně-politický rozbor Stalina nazákladě komparace již napsaných zdrojů. A to konkrétně na základě životopisů odautorů Edvarda Radzinského, Alana Bullocka, Waltera Kerra, Václava Vebera, LillyMarcouové a Roberta C. Tuckera. Vzhledem k různé interpretaci jednotlivýchživotních etap provádím v bakalářské práci komparaci jednotlivých autorů aupozorňuji v závěru na rozdílnosti, či shody mezi jednotlivými autory.Bakalářská práce je rozdělena na tři hlavní části a to na úvod, kterýpojednává o důvodu volby tématu mé bakalářské práce a uvádí čtenáře do jejíhoobsahu. Dále pak na hlavní část - chronologicky řazené kapitoly o vývoji životaJosefa Vissarionoviče Stalina z pohledu autorů píšících o něm. Vzniká tak zevrubnýživotopis J. V. Stalina. Poslední částí je závěr, kde konfrontuji názory a závěryjednotlivých autorů s mým osobním pohledem na J. V. Stalina
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