67,044 research outputs found
Letter from C. M. Shepard to L. De Bona regarding payment for goods..
No full textLeonard de Bona was a businessman, possibly of Italian descent, in Eagle Pass, Texas, who ran a hardware and supply store in that area for nearly 20 years. He served as a point of contact for customers throughout South Texas and nearby Mexico, providing not only hardware but food, clothing, and sundries. He had business contacts in San Antonio, Chicago, and abroad (Central Mexico, Italy, and other locations.)Archive of Correspondence relating to L. de Bona's Eagle Pass Hardware and Supply Store from 1887-1903 and undated. Approximately 500 letters, varying states of condition, some browning. An important archive for a businessman on the border in Eagle Pass, Texas with nearly 500 letters, most from neighboring Texas communities, order supplies.Organized by the following series: Correspondence and ChronologicalBona, L. de, Papers, 1887-1903 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TexasOffice of C. M. Shepard - Shepard's Baking Powder
Letter from Charles E. Shepard to "Brother Alvah," 8 October [1862]
No full textCharles Eugene Shepard writes from Brattleboro, Vermont, to his brother Alvah (probably in either Peacham or Marshfield, Vermont) on 8 October [1862] while awaiting orders to move south.Charles E. Shepard served in Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteer Infantry. Following his discharge from the 13th regiment in 1863, he may have reenlisted in a non-Vermont regiment
An investigation of types of controls used for guided missiles
No full textThesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, 1947by Shepard M. Arkin.M.S.M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautical Engineerin
Neoelmis guarani Shepard & Barr 2016, sp. n.
No full text<i>Neoelmis guarani</i> sp. n. <p>Figs. 1–12</p> <p> <b>Holotype, adult male.</b> Body slender, 2.1 mm long (pronotum + elytra), 0.7 mm wide at widest point; body color testaceous, appendages (antennae, palpi, legs) paler (Figs. 1–5).</p> <p>Head with frons moderately setose, setae long and pale; genae covered with fine, adpressed, plastron setae; eyes large, protuberant; antennal ridges produced, especially anteriorly. Antennae filiform, each with 11 segments; antennomeres 1–2 twice as long as wide, antennomeres 3–10 more than twice as long as wide; antennomere 11 clavate, slightly curved, longer than antennomeres 9+10 (Figs. 1, 2). Clypeus setose, transverse, apex feebly emarginate. Labrum transverse, apex arcuate; surface shiny with few setae; apicolateral margins with fringe of pale, dense setae. Maxillary and labial palpi each with three palpomeres.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 1) elongate, 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at widest point about 1/3 distance from base; surface shiny, smooth, and sparsely clothed with pale, recumbent setae except for central disc where finely granulate and more densely setose; lateral margins bisinuate and irregularly crenulate; apicolateral angles acute, produced; posterior border bisinuate, notched medially to receive scutellum; prominent, wide transverse sulcus at 1/3 distance from apex, deeper fovea at midline with longitudinal groove which tapers posteriorly; two prominent, sinuate, sublateral carinae; broad, shallow depression between each sublateral carina and lateral margin, with a large fovea ventrally adjacent to transverse sulcus. Hypomeron with shallow depression on each side at basal 1/3 and a large fovea ventrally adjacent to fovea between lateral margin and sublateral carina; without plastron setae.</p> <p>Scutellum subovoid, longer than wide, feebly convex.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 1) elongate, 1.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide at widest point 1/3–1/2 distance from elytral apices; shallow linear punctures and setae present. Each elytron with a short, prominent, basal carina on third interval separating shallow lateral and medial depressions; two long sublateral carinae extending posteriorly from humeral angle, inner one extending to apical 1/3, outer one extending nearly to apex. Epipleuron with plastron setae, notched just before apex to receive tooth from abdominal ventrite 5.</p> <p>Prosternum (Fig. 2) longer than wide, with flat, evenly and lightly setose, shiny disc bordered by two longitudinal carinae 3/4 length of prosternum, fading out anteriorly; episternum clothed with plastron setae; prosternal process wide, apex extending posterior to procoxae, margins raised and rimmed with narrow sulcus between. Mesoventrite (Fig. 2) shorter than wide; with a pair of large, posterolateral, ventrally projecting processes (Fig. 2, arrow) adjacent to and extending below mesocoxae; processes with ventromedially oriented, flattened surfaces; area between processes excavated; mesanepisternum with plastron setae. Metaventrite (Fig. 2) shorter than prosternum, longer than mesosternum; disc flat, shiny, sparsely setose, with distinct discrimen; with two sublateral carinae extending from mesocoxae to metacoxae and small, carinate tubercle near each posterolateral margin; plastron setae present laterad to carinae and on metanepisternum. Pro- and mesocoxae globular; metacoxae transverse. Pro- and mesotrochanters of similar size, metatrochanters larger.</p> <p>Prothoracic leg (Figs. 1–4) with profemur abruptly and deeply excavated on both anterior and posterior surfaces 1/3 distance from apex (Fig. 3), excavations lined with short, stiff setae (Fig. 4); anterior surface bearing a large, blunt, distally directed tooth at inner edge of excavation; plastron setae present except in excavations. Protibia (Fig. 4) slender, wider apically; posterior face with long setae present basally and apically and a deep excavation near apex; cleaning fringe of long, dense, pale setae on anterior surface. Protarsus (Fig. 4) shiny, tarsomeres 1–4 with long setae ventrally, tarsomere 5 with a pair of long, projecting setae at apex; tarsomere 5 longer than tarsomeres 1–4 combined; claws simple. Mesothoracic leg (Figs. 1, 2, 5) with mesofemur (Fig. 5) widened medially; a deep, longitudinal groove present on ventral surface to receive tibia when folded, posterior margin of groove with numerous, long, curved setae; plastron setae present except inside of groove. Mesotibia (Fig. 5) in lateral view with ventrally directed expansion at middle and shallow excavation on anterior face about 1/ 3 distance from apex; with anterior and posterior cleaning fringes (Fig. 1) having long, tuft-like setae that extend beyond tibial apex. Mesotarsus similar to protarsus; right mesotarsus missing tarsomeres 3–5 due to breakage. Metathoracic leg (Figs. 1, 2) with metafemur unmodified. Metatibia with cleaning fringe on posterior surface at central 1/3; inner surface flat at apical 1/4, glabrous and shiny with a small peg near ventral margin. Metatarsus similar to pro- and mesotarsus.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 2) with five ventrites; ventrites 1–4 decreasing in length posteriorly, ventrite 5 longer than all but ventrite 1. Ventrite 1 longest, with basomedial depression bordered by two short carinae which extend from posterior margin of metacoxae nearly to posterior margin of ventrite; surface shiny and sparsely setose between carinae, plastron setae present laterad to carinae. Ventrite 2 with a pair of processes (Fig. 2, arrow) projecting ventrally from anteromedial border, size of each process less than half that of each mesoventral process; surface between processes shiny, plastron setae present elsewhere. Ventrites 3–5 covered with plastron setae; ventrite 5 with a dorsally projecting tooth on each lateral margin which serves to link with a notch in the epipleuron. Ventrite 5 removed from abdomen and mounted on a card point.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 6) in dorsal view with phallobase twice as long as parameres, widely open in basal half; parameres widely open at apical 2/3 exposing penis; penis stout, sides faintly arcuate at basal 1/2, then moderately constricted and nearly parallel-sided to apical 1/8, thereafter evenly converging to narrowly rounded apex which extends slightly past paramere apices. Penis in ventral view with fibula at middle. Aedeagus in lateral view with apices of parameres and penis acutely pointed. Aedeagus removed from abdomen and placed in genitalia vial.</p> <p> <b>Allotype, adult female.</b> Body slender, 2.3 mm long (pronotum + elytra), 0.8 mm wide at widest point about 1/ 3 distance from elytral apices (Fig. 7). Slightly larger but generally similar to male except as follows: Each elytron (Figs. 7, 8) with a dorsally projecting protuberance in the third interval at about 1/3 distance from apex (Fig. 7, arrow), pointed and subtriangular in lateral view (Fig. 8). Mesoventrite and abdominal ventrite 2 lacking modifications. All legs (Figs. 7, 8) without special modifications, similar to each other; tibiae with cleaning fringes. Ovipositor very elongate; valvifers more than 10 times longer than wide, thin basally then widest apically by coxites; coxites twice as long as wide, rectangular; styli 2-segmented, second segment very short.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Although seven specimens (three males and four females) is a small sample with which to examine variation, some differences were noted. Most striking of these are the different external modifications of males and females, detailed in the descriptions and Diagnosis. In addition, the females (2.2–2.3 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm wide) are slightly larger than the males (2.1–2.2 mm long, 0.7 mm wide). In some specimens mineral deposits on the dorsum obscure details of the surface, causing semi-glabrous, shiny areas to appear granulate. Specimens also exhibit varying degrees of surface abrasion which can lessen the number of setae present in the abraded area compared to that of an unabraded specimen.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. The distinctive secondary sexual characters of <i>N. guarani</i>, present in both males and females, serve to distinguish this species from all other known species of <i>Neoelmis</i>. Males (Figs. 1–5) have strong modifications of the profemora, protibiae, mesofemora, mesotibiae, and metatibiae, and bear a pair of ventral processes on both the mesoventrite and second abdominal ventrite. Females (Figs. 7, 8) have a dorsal pair of elytral protuberances and unmodified legs.</p> <p> The aedeagus of <i>N. guarani</i> most closely resembles that of <i>N. simoni</i> (Grouvelle) which is known only from Venezuela (Hinton 1939). However, in <i>N. guarani</i> the phallobase is open only in the basal half and the penis barely projects beyond the tips of the parameres, whereas in <i>N. simoni</i> the phallobase is open entirely and the penis projects well beyond the tips of the parameres. The aedeagus of <i>N. guarani</i> bears no resemblance to those of <i>N. maculata</i>, <i>N. nelo</i>, nor <i>N. opis</i>, other species occurring in Paraguay (Hinton 1940a, 1972).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <i>Holotype</i> (male): <b>PARAGUAY:</b> Paraguarí [Dpto.], Arroyo Naranjo at Balneario Salto Cristal 7.5 km S Piribebuy, 17 Feb. 2011, C. B. Barr // 25º32.026’ S 57º01.717’ W; elevation 214 m // HOLOTYPE <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> Shepard & Barr [red label, handwritten]. Deposited in EMEC. A <i>llotype</i> (female): <b>PARAGUAY:</b> Cordillera [Dpto.], Piribebuy-Barrio Santa Ana, unnamed stream, 820 ft [250 m], 25º27.95’S 57º01.99’W, 18 VI 2006, [WDS-A-1687, on underside of label] // W. D. Shepard, leg. // ALLOTYPE <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> Shepard & Barr</p> <p> [red label, handwritten]. Deposited in EMEC. <i>Paratypes</i> (2MM, 3 FF): <b>PARAGUAY:</b> Cordillera [Dpto.], Piribebuy-Barrio Santa Ana, unnamed stream, 820 ft [250 m], 25º27.95’S 57º01.99’W, 18 VI 2006 [WDS-A-1687, on underside of label] // W. D. Shepard, leg. // PARATYPE <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> Shepard & Barr [yellow label] (1M, EMEC); Cordillera [Dpto.], Piribebuy–B. Sta. Ana, 17 II 2011, 230 m, Arroyo Mborebi, S25º28.075’ W57º02.330’ // W. D. Shepard, leg. [WDS-A- 1830, on underside of label] // PARATYPE <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> Shepard & Barr [yellow label] (1M, INBP); Paraguarí [Dpto.], Arroyo Naranjo at Balneario Salto Cristal 7.5 km S Piribebuy, 17 Feb. 2011, C.B. Barr // 25º32.026’ S 57º01.717’ W, elevation 214 m // PARATYPE <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> Shepard & Barr [yellow label] (2 FF; EMEC, INBP); Paraguari [Dpto.], 15.3 km NE Paraguari, 18 II 2011, 282 m, Capilla Cue, S25º33.210’ W57º02.829’ // W. D. Shepard, leg. [WDS-A-1834, on underside of label] // PARATYPE <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> Shepard & Barr [yellow label] (1F, EMEC).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. <i>Guarani,</i> a noun in apposition, was chosen to honor the indigenous Guaraní people who are native to the region and whose language is widely spoken in Paraguay.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Neoelmis guarani</i> is known from four localities in the highlands area of the Cordillera de los Altos southeast of Asunción in the departments of Cordillera and Paraguarí. Although 42 streams have been sampled during our survey of the aquatic Byrrhoidea of Paraguay, the species has been found only in this small area. The elevations at the collection sites range from 214–282 masl and they are all less than 10 km apart (straight line distance) near the towns of Piribebuy and Chololó.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> The type locality, Arroyo Naranjo (Figs. 9, 10), is a small to medium-sized stream with slightly turbid water and a substrate of orange sand with sparse gravel/cobbles, numerous bedrock outcrops and ledges, and small waterfalls. The three other streams are similar in size and substrate, except that Arroyo Mborebí (Fig. 11) lacks extensive bedrock outcrops, at least at the collection site (Figs. 11, 12). Other elmids collected in association with <i>N. guarani</i> include <i>Heterelmis</i> sp., <i>Hexacylloepus</i> sp., <i>Hexanchorus</i> sp., <i>Macrelmis</i> sp., <i>Microcylloepus longipes</i> (Grouvelle), <i>M. inaequalis</i> (Sharp), <i>Neoelmis nelo</i> Hinton, <i>Phanocerus</i> sp., <i>Stenhelmoides</i> sp., and <i>Xenelmis micros</i> (Grouvelle).</p>Published as part of <i>Shepard, William D. & Barr, Cheryl B., 2016, Neoelmis guarani Shepard & Barr, a sexually dimorphic new species from Paraguay (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), pp. 418-430 in Zootaxa 4083 (3)</i> on pages 419-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.3.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1053864">http://zenodo.org/record/1053864</a>
Eubria mesoamericana Barr and Shepard 2017, new species
No full textEubria mesoamericana Barr and Shepard, new species (Figs. 1–4) Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂ in USNM, labeled “ PANAMA, Cocle, / El Valle, 829m / 27 May 1983 // Collected by / P. J. Spangler ” // [genitalia vial] // “♂ tail to YTS [Young T. Sohn] / to draw #253 / in spot plate // HOLOTYPE / Eubria / mesoamericana / Barr & Shepard” [red label, handwritten]. Eight paratypes [yellow labels, printed] were examined from the following localities: PANAMA: Cocle, / El Valle, 829m / 27 May 1983 // Collected by / P. J. Spangler (1♂, USNM); Colón Prov. / Rio Guanche / 5 km S Portobelo / 09°30.202’N 79°39.903’W / 18-vii-1999, el. 100 ft. / J. B. Woolley, 99/031 (1♂, TAMU); Veraguas / Prov., Que. de Venado / ~ 4 km S Las Palmas / 27- VIII-2006, C. B. Barr // 08°05.987’ N / 81°26.076’ W / elevation 729 ft. // [genitalia vial] (1♂, EMEC); Barro Colo [rado] Is [land] / C[anal] Z[one] Mar Apr 49 / Zetek 5393 //? Eubrianax / n. sp. / HSB 49 (1♂, USNM); Paraiso C[anal]Z[one] / Pan [ama] I.20.11 / August Busck // Ectopria / n. sp. (1♀, USNM); PortoBello / Pan [ama] Mar 1911 / August Busck (1♂, USNM). COSTA RICA. Prov. Limón, R.B. / Hitoy Cerere, Sendero Toma de Agua, / 100 - 200m, 19 MAR - 2 ABR 2002, / W. Arana, Manual, / L N 184300 643450 #67803 // [barcode label] INB0003457667 / INB!OCR! COSTA RICA (1♀, MNCR); San José / Prov., sm. stream at Rta. / 243, 2 km NE Tinamaste / SW San Isidro de General / 22-VI-2001, coll. C. B. Barr // 09°18.55’ N / 83°46.05’ W / elevation ~ 2750 ft. // [genitalia vial] (1♂, EMEC). Description. Holotype male. Length (pronotum + elytra) 1.8 mm, width 1.2 mm. Body convex, broadly ovate in dorsal view (Fig. 1A); cuticle brown to redbrown except for yellow-brown left elytron; covered with short, fine, recumbent, golden setae; elytra with a series of irregular, linear, granulate impressions (Figs. 1A, 3B). Antenna: With 11 antennomeres, together as long as body or nearly so; brown, covered with evenly distributed, short, stiff, golden setae and cup-shaped sensillae; antennomere 1 cylindrical, as long as wide; antennomere 2 wider than long, 1/2 the size of antennomere 1; antennomeres 3–8 flattened, broadly serrate, each with width at apex more than 1/2 the length; antennomeres 9–11 flattened, progressively less broadly serrate (right antenna missing antennomere 11; left antenna with antennomeres 10 and 11 glued to card point). Head: Opisthognathous (Fig. 1B), dark brown, with prominent antennal ridges between eyes. Eye black, prominent, hemispherical, slightly emarginate to accommodate antennal base. Clypeus tipped at 90° angle to frons; anterior border slightly arcuate; lateral surfaces at 90° angle to disc, excavated to accommodate antennae in repose. Labrum subpentagonal, lateral borders rimmed; brown basally, yellow and setose apically. Maxillary palpus pale yellow, very long, with 4 palpomeres; apical palpomere elongate with 3 processes at tip. Labial palpus pale yellow, length less than half that of maxillary palpus, with 3 palpomeres; apical palpomere globular with 3 processes at tip. Pronotum: Transverse, more than twice as wide as long, much wider at base than apex (Fig. 1A); length 0.4 mm, width 1.0 mm; brown, covered with numerous fine, recumbent setae; margins with low, dark carina. Anterior margin curved basad; lateral margins slightly arcuate; posterior margin slightly bisinuate, nearly straight anterior to scutellum; apicolateral angles broadly rounded; posterolateral angles more narrowly rounded. Scutellum broadly, equilaterally triangular, disc flat and slightly depressed relative to elytra, setose. Elytron: Twice as long as wide (Fig. 1A), length 1.4 mm, width 0.6 mm, widest at apical 1/3; broadly rounded laterally; right elytron red-brown, left elytron yellow-brown. Disc depressed adjacent to scutellum; moderately convex, with 6, mostly longitudinal, irregular, impressed lines of various lengths, some interconnected (Figs. 1A, 3B), containing fine granules; humerus prominent and raised, smoothly rounded; basal and lateral margins with dark carinae; epipleuron flat, bordered laterally and mesally with dark carinae extending to apex. Metathoracic wings entire. Legs: Prothoracic leg shortest, metathoracic leg longest (left metathoracic leg detached from body and glued on card point); legs of similar proportions, each with femur and tibia about the same length. Profemur yellow, protibia yellow-brown; meso- and metafemora yellow-brown, meso- and metatibiae darker; all tarsi yellow. All coxae transverse, metacoxa shortest and very narrow laterally; each coxa incised for reception of femur, posterior margins with dark carinae. All legs with each femur having posterior surface grooved for reception of tibia. Tarsi very setose; each tarsus with 5 long, cylindrical tarsomeres; tarsomeres 1–4 progressively shorter distally, tarsomere 5 longest, as long as previous 3 combined; pretarsus with 1 claw simple, 1 claw apically bifid, with long, white empodium between claws. Venter: Cuticle redbrown (Fig. 1B). Prosternum short, transverse; setose; hypomeron slightly convex; prosternal process narrow between procoxae, apex rounded. Mesosternum short, disc flat, posterior border truncate between metacoxae; heavily setose; episternum and epimeron triangular. Metasternum about 3 times wider than long; strongly convex; heavily setose except where abraded at center of disc; episternum quadrate. Abdomen with 5 visible, setose ventrites; ventrites 1–4 transverse, much wider than long, posterior borders smooth; ventrite 5 broadly triangular with rounded apex. Genitalia: Weakly sclerotized. Phallobase short with parameres attached at base; parameres very narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 2A), curved laterally outward toward apex, tip acute; flat, blade-like accessory sclerite with rounded tip between each paramere and penis; penis broad basally, becoming very narrow at middle, tip dorsally recurved and distinctly hooked (Fig. 2B). Accessory sclerites longer than parameres and penis; penis shorter than parameres. Female. Eubria mesoamericana, like other eubriines, is sexually dimorphic. The antennae of the female are only slightly serrate, and the length is about half as long as that of the male. The tarsi, including the claws, are narrower, smaller, and more delicate in appearance than those of the male. Both claws of the female are simple, whereas one claw of each pair is bifid in the male. Acknowledging the small sample size, there was no difference in overall body size between males (n = 7) and females (n = 2). Variation. The range in body size of the nine specimens examined was 1.7–1.9 mm in length and 1.2–1.5 mm in width. Body shape in dorsal view varied from round to broadly ovate, and the overall color varied from yellow-brown to red-brown. Leg color differed among specimens, with the femora ranging from yellow to yellow-brown and often darker basally, along the posterior surface, and at the apex; tibiae were yellow-brown to brown and darker than the rest of the leg. The impressed lines on the elytra are variable in number, configuration, and interconnectivity among the specimens examined (Fig. 3). Most have six lines on each elytron, however, one has as few as three. The difference in color between the left and right elytron of the holotype specimen is not a normal condition, and the cause is unknown. Diagnosis. Because of its shape and very small size, E. mesoamericana cannot be confused with any other described species of Psephenidae in the Neotropics. The species is most closely related to the Old World species E. palustris and very similar in appearance. Aside from their greatly disjunct geographic distributions, the species can be separated morphologically by the configuration of impressed lines on the elytra and by the number of apical processes on the labial palpi. In E. mesoamericana, the impressed line closest to the suture is unbroken from near the scutellum almost to the apex (Fig. 3), whereas in E. palustris there are two lines near the suture, separated at about the basal third. The labial palpus of E. mesoamericana has three projections at the tip of the apical palpomere; E. palustris has four projections (Lee and Jäch 1996). In addition, the male genitalia are very different, with that of E. palustris having much broader parameres and penis than that of E. mesoamericana (Fig. 2), as well as having three pairs of accessory sclerites (one pair in E. mesoamericana). Illustrations of the elytron and genitalia of E. palustris appear in Lee and Jäch (1996). Eubria mesoamericana differs in the following respects from the description and diagnosis of Eubria offered by Lee and Jäch (1996), therefore, these characters should henceforth be considered species characters: posterior margins of abdominal ventrites 3 and 4 are smooth rather than serrate; and the labial palpi of both sexes bear three projections on each tip rather than four (Fig. 1B). Etymology. The Latin name “ mesoamericana ” refers to the geographic region of origin, Mesoamerica (i.e., Central America). The gender is female. Eubria palustris Examined for Comparison. Slov. or. lgt. Boukal / Bukovské vrchy / NOVÁ SEDLICA / 5.7.1990 // Eubria / palustris Er. / Det. D. Boukal 1990 (1♂, EMEC); ‘60 // n. Wienerwald // Eubria / palustris ER. / det. M. Jäch 1995 (1♀ [?], EMEC). Larval Material Examined. COSTA RICA: Alajuela / N of Bijagua 650 m / 6 VI 2000 / R´ıo Bijagua / WDS-A-1298 [on reverse] // William D. / Shepard, leg. (2, EMEC); Alajuela / SE of Bijagua / 7 VI 2000 / R´ıo Flores / WDS-A-1300 [on reverse] // William D. / Shepard leg. (1, EMEC); Cartago / 4 km N Pavones / 23 XI 2002 / R´ıo Chitaria / WDS- A-1494 [on reverse] // William D. / Shepard, leg. (1partial exuvium, EMEC); Guanacaste / Rincón de la Vieja / Lodge 19 ̛ I ̛ 2000 / R´ıo Colorado / WDS- A-1287 [on reverse] // William D. / Shepard, leg. (1, EMEC); Puntarenas / NE of Dominical / 19 VI 2000 200 m / unnamed stream / WDS-A-1315 [on reverse] // William D. / Shepard, leg. (1 exuvium, EMEC). Larval Description. General description based on four individuals. Length 2.3–3.5 mm. Body (Fig. 4) depressed, round to broadly ovate depending on amount of contraction, lateral margins explanate. Dorsum yellow-brown with darker brown mottling on tergites, paratergites (pleural processes) yellow. Dorsum (Fig. 4A) with brown tubercles arranged in irregular longitudinal lines; thorax with moderately dense, scattered tubercles laterad of longitudinal lines. Paratergites with dense fringe of long, white, transparent setae on all margins. Prothorax without mid-dorsal longitudinal sclerite; median ecdysial suture complete; 1 row of brown tubercles on each side of ecdysial suture. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdominal segments I–VIII with 3 rows of brown tubercles on each side of midline, forming 2 lateral pairs of irregular lines and paler central pair with mid-dorsal suture between; abdominal segment IX with only 4 rows total.Abdominal segments I–VII with paratergites becoming successively longer, more curved, and with apices more acutely angled towards apex; 7 th paratergites longest, extending posteriorly to tip of 8 th paratergites and enclosing them laterally. Eighth paratergites short, extending only to mid-length of abdominal segment IX, rounded apically, with reduced setal fringe. Abdominal segment IX wider than long; anterior border straight, lateral borders slightly concave to receive 8 th paratergites; posterior border broadly rounded and densely setose. Venter (Fig. 4B) white, membranous except for paratergites, legs, and well-sclerotized tips of tarsunguli. Ventral operculum present on segment IX, concealing gills beneath. Larval Diagnosis. The larva of E. mesoamericana closely resembles that of E. palustris, which is illustrated in Bertrand (1954) and Lee et al. (2016) as Eubria. Although larvae generally can be distinguished only to the generic level, apparent slight differences between the two species include the wider first abdominal paratergite and shorter, less semicircular apex of the ninth abdominal segment of E. mesoamericana (Fig. 4). The only other Neotropical larvae without external gills, with which E. mesoamericana may be confused, are those of Dicranopselaphus Guérin-Méneville and Neoeubria Shepard and Barr. Unlike Eubria, Dicranopselaphus larvae have long, narrow, strongly hooked paratergites on all segments from the prothorax posteriorly to abdominal segment VII, and abdominal segment IX is elongate and deeply notched at the apex. Neoeubria larvae have broadly rounded paratergites, and abdominal segment IX is large and semicircular. In addition, there are four pronounced, longitudinal ridges on the dorsum of Neoeubria. Illustrations of several Old and New World eubriine larvae are found in Lee et al. (2007). Habitat and Associated Aquatic Byrrhoids. We swept two E. mesoamericana adults from riparian vegetation at a small and a medium-sized stream, both with shallow, clear water and substrates of sand, gravel and cobble (Fig. 5). Label data from five adult specimens, including our two, show an elevational range of 31– 829 m. Larvae, collected by us from five localities with elevations ranging 200–844 m, were from medium-sized streams with sandy/gravelly substrates that contained woody debris and leaves. Other aquatic byrrhoid Coleoptera collected in conjunction with E. mesoamericana larvae included the following: Dryopidae - Dryops mexicanus (Sharp), Elmoparnus pandus Spangler and Perkins; Elmidae - Austrolimnius sp., Cylloepus sp., Disersus longipennis Sharp, Disersus uncus Spangler and Santiago, Heterelmis sp., Hexacylloepus sp., Hexanchorus gracilipes Sharp, Hexanchorus usitatus Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso, Microcylloepus sp., Neoelmis sp., Notelmis nodipes (Sharp), Phanocerus clavicornis Sharp, Phanocerus congener Grouvelle, Pseudodisersus goudotii (Guérin-Méneville), Xenelmis bufo (Sharp); Lutrochidae - Lutrochus sp.; Psephenidae - Psephenops maculicollis Darlington, Psephenus sp.; Ptilodactylidae - Anchytarsus palpalis (Champion). In general, most of the streams with E. mesoamericana larvae were typified by a high diversity of aquatic byrrhoids. Distribution. At present, E. mesoamericana is known from 13 locations in Costa Rica (seven) and Panama (six). Within these countries, the known distribution is very patchy, and the species is possibly rare, or at least uncommonly collected.Published as part of Barr, Cheryl B. & Shepard, William D., 2017, Eubria mesoamericana Barr and Shepard (Coleoptera: Psephenidae: Eubriinae), a New Psephenid Species from Central America with an Enigmatic Generic Distribution, pp. 437-444 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3) on pages 438-443, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.437, http://zenodo.org/record/478852
Rhithrops capensis Bilton & Shepard 2022, sp. nov.
No full textRhithrops capensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–9) Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Cederberg, Matjies Rivier, Matjiesrivier, 32°31’07.42”S 19°21’00.4”E, 725 m. (Fig. 9). Type material. Holotype (male): “ 22/ix/2011 South Africa WC// Cederberg, Matjies Rivier // Matjiesrivier 32°31’07.42”S // 19°21’00.4”E, 725 m. D T Bilton leg.” (AMG). Paratypes (23): 5♂, 10♀ same data as holotype; 1♀ “ 21/ix/2010 South Africa WC// Cederberg, Matjies Rivier // Matjiesrivier 32°31’07.42”S // 19°21’00.4”E, 725 m. D T Bilton leg.”; 2♂, 3♀ “ 22/ix/2011 South Africa WC// Cederberg, Matjies Rivier // Matjiesrivier 32°31’07.42”S // 19°21’00.4”E, 725 m. D T Bilton leg.”; 1♂, 1♀ “ South Africa: W. Cape // Cederberg, Maalgat // Matjiesrivier // 28-29 XII 2004 820 m asl // 32°29’40”S 19°16’49”E // P. S. Cranston, leg.” (AMG, CBP, DMSA, EMEC, NMW). Description: With all the above characters of the genus. Size: Holotype: BL 4.10 mm; EL 2.65 mm; EW 1.35 mm; PL 0.85 mm; PW 1.20 mm. Paratypes: Males BL 4.40–4.75 mm; EL 2.60–3.00 mm; EW 1.45–1.60 mm; PL 0.85–1.05 mm; PW 1.20–1.35 mm. Females BL 4.65– 4.80 mm; EL 2.75–2.90 mm; EW 1.40–1.60 mm; PL 0.90–1.05 mm; PW 1.25–1.35 mm. Head: Epicranium densely and shallowly punctate, with short decumbent setae, epicranial suture absent; frontal area twice as wide as one compound eye, antennal ridges absent, frontoclypeal suture straight between antennal bases. Elytra: Conjointly twice as long as wide, parallel-sided, apices moderately protruding (Figs 1 & 6D–E). Legs: Relatively long, elongate, with large, strongly-developed tarsi and claws (Fig. 8A–C). Male: Last abdominal ventrite with broad, shallow apicomedial emargination (Fig. 7E). Labium with modified, spathulate setae on anteroventral margin (Fig. 4F). Anterior edge of sternite 8 with short median strut (Fig. 9F); sternite 9 as in Fig. 9C. Tergite 8 with numerous long setae close to posterior margin (Fig. 9E). Aedeagus: Long and tubular (Figs 8D–F & 9A, B & D); basal piece:paramere ratio 0.6:0.4. Basal piece hookshaped basally, open on left side. Median lobe long, narrow, acute apically. Parameres parallel-sided, apically a little longer than median lobe, apices rounded on outer side, clasping apex of median lobe (Fig. 8F). Female: Few external differences to males. The sublateral furrows of the pronotum are deeper and more evident (Fig. 2B). The last abdominal ventrite has a conical apex, somewhat raised centrally and lacks an apicomedian emargination (Fig. 7F). The labium has fewer, shorter modified setae on the anteroventral margin (Fig. 4E). Sternite 8 as in Fig. 10C. Ovipositor: Elongate (Fig. 10A–B) and strongly sclerotized; type 1 (sensu Kodada et al. 2016); apically sharp-tipped. Valvifers ventral, asymmetrical, long, thin, forming a V-shaped sclerite. Coxites asymmetrical, laterally compressed, blade-shaped, apex very acute, dorsal side serrate, with basally directed long narrow dorsal extension. Distribution and habitat. Known only from type locality, the Matjies River (Fig. 11), a tributary of the Olifants River in the Cederberg, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Etymology. The trivial name, capensis, refers to location of this species in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.Published as part of Bilton, David T. & Shepard, William D., 2022, Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae), pp. 539-553 in Zootaxa 5195 (6) on pages 541-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/722388
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
Enhancing the approximation order of local Shepard operators by Hermite polynomials
No full textAbstractWe show how to combine local Shepard operators with Hermite polynomials on the simplex [C. K. Chui, M.-J. Lai, Multivariate vertex splines and finite elements, J. Approx. Theory 60 (1990) 245–343] so as to raise the algebraic precision of the Shepard–Taylor operators [R. Farwig, Rate of convergence of Shepard’s global interpolation formula, Math. Comp. 46 (1986) 577–590] that use the same data and contemporaneously maintain the interpolation properties at each sample point (derivative data included) and a good accuracy of approximation. Numerical results are provided
Parygrus zamuco Barr and Shepard 2020, new species
No full textParygrus zamuco Barr and Shepard, new species (Figs 3, 20, 21) http://zoobank.org/ DE1B3D0C-5A2F-4175-8750-CE47331D2EEA Type material. Holotype male. BOLIVIA. “ BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / El Cairo, 5 km W Buena / Vista, 16-18-X- 2004 / J. E. Eger, UV light // HOLOTYPE / Parygrus zamuco / Barr & Shepard [red label, handwritten]” (FSCA). Paratypes (24; 7 M, 17 F). BOLIVIA. BOL. Cochabamba / Carrasco, El Sacta / 220 m., 26/X/02 / Morris / Wappes (1 F, FSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / El Cairo, 5 km W Buena / Vista, 16-18-X-2004 / J. E. Eger, UV light (1 M, EMEC; 1M, 1 F, FSCA); BOLIVIA: Sta. Cruz, / San Osteben [Opispo Santistevan] Prov., / Muyurina, 49 km N // Santa Cruz. XI-3-1959 / 1120 ft. R.B.Cumming // Property of Florida / State Collection of / Arthropods (1 F, EMEC; 1M, 4 F, FSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / 3.7km.SSE. Buena Vista / Hotel Flora & Fauna 430m / 17°29.949′S - 63° 33.152′W / 5-15-XI-2001, M C Thomas / trop.transition forest, BLT (1 F, EMEC); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / 3.7 km SSE Buena Vista / Hotel flora y fauna // 17°29′S 63°33′W / 23-30-April-2004; / A.R. Cline, MV&blacklight (2 F, CSCA); BOLIVIA: Dept. Santa Cruz, / 3.7km SSE Buena Vista / Hotel flora y fauna ~ 400m / 17°29′S 63°39′W; A. Cline // and J. Wappes collrs. / Ex: 23-30 APR-2004 / MV& BL (1 F, CSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, 3.7 km SSW / Buena Vista, Hotel Flora y Fauna, / 1-12.V.2004, 17°29′S, 63°33′W, / Ex: MV/ Blacklight, Coll. A.R. Cline (1 F, CSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / Dpt. 4k SSE B. Vista / 22-25 November 2013 / Wappes & Skillman // Hotel Flora & Fauna / El 350-400meters / 17°29′ S 63°49′ W (1 F, FSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / Dpt. Huaico nr. Potrerillo / 21 November, 2013 / Wappes & Skillman // Elevation 430meters / MV/UV lights / 63°26′ W 17°40′ S (1F, FSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / Potrerillos del Guendá; / 40km.NW. Santa Cruz / 17°40.3′S - 063°27.4′W / 22-XI to 12-XII- 2005 / B.K.Dozier (1 F, FSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Dist. / Potrerillos del Guenda, Preserva / Natural, 17°40′S 63°27′W, 37m / 17-22-OCT-2007, A.R. Cline & J.E. / Wappes collr.; ex: bl/mv (1 F, CSCA); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz / Potrerillo de Guandá / 16-22-XII-2004 / coll. E. Nearns, UV trap // macro. (1M, FSCA). PARAGUAY. PARA- GUAY: Alto Paraguay / Puerto La Esperanza / 2 XII 2006 / Carlos Aguilar Julio (1M, EMEC); Concepción / San Alfredo / Tagatiyá / 24 X 2019 (1 F, EMEC). VENEZUELA. VENEZUELA: Guarico / Est. Exp. Nicolasito / UCV – Fagro / 8°8′20′′N- 66°24′32′′W // 15-VI-2000, BL Trap / P.Freytag, M.Gaiani / Q.Arias collectors (1 M, EMEC; 1 M, FSCA). // All paratypes also have the following final label: “ PARATYPE / Parygrus zamuco / Barr & Shepard” [yellow label, printed]. Diagnosis. The male genitalia (Fig. 21), with lateral expansions of the parameres at the apical 1/4, are unique among species for which the genitalia are known. In addition, both males and females of Parygrus zamuco n. sp. have distinguishing external characteristics: none of the other species have a row of extremely long setae on the dorsal mesotibia, nor maxillary palpi as long and robust (Fig. 20). Description. Holotype male. Cuticle brown, legs, antennae and mouthparts lighter; elongate, subcylindrical; length 5.75 mm (pronotum + elytra), width 2.20 mm; body covered with erect and semi-erect, moderately long, golden setae and much shorter, recumbent setae (Fig. 20). Head dark brown; punctures shallow, separated by 1–2x puncture diameter; setae moderately long; vertex with shallow median depression; frons protruding slightly forward between antennal bases, anterior margin truncate, distance between antennal bases more than length of antennomere 1. Antenna with antennomeres 1 and 2 light brown, setose, antennomeres 3–11 yellow, densely setose; antennomere 1 shorter than antennomere 2, antennomere 2 covering antennomeres 3–6. Clypeus moderately setose and punctate, weakly emarginate. Maxillary palpus with terminal palpomere clavate, curved, very long, as long as clypeus. Labrum emarginate, moderately setose, bordered with fringe of long setae. Labial palpus with terminal palpomere vaguely triangular with 1 side straight, 1 side curved, ventral face slightly flattened; length nearly as long as that of terminal maxillary palpomere. Pronotum dark brown; strongly convex, disc weakly flattened at center; dark brown; length 1.25 mm, width 1.65 mm, widest at basal 1/3; anterior margin straight except at strongly acute, depressed, anterolateral angles; lateral margins arcuate, sinuate at lateral angles, narrowly margined, fringed with erect setae; posterior border trisinuate; posterolateral angles barely acute, depressed. Disc punctuation similar to that of head, punctures separated by about 1x puncture diameter; setae moderately long. Scutellum: red-brown; subcircular; anterior margin strongly arcuate between two anterolateral notches; disc flat; punctation very fine. Elytron red-brown; length 4.50 mm, width 1.10 mm; broadly convex; narrowest at anterior 1/3, widest at posterior 1/3. Humeral angle rounded; lateral margin widened and sulcate at anterior 1/3, entire length narrowly margined; apex acute. Disc strongly punctate and striate with deep, closely spaced quadrate punctures distinct from near base to apex, intervals weakly convex; setae shorter than on pronotum, semi-erect and recumbent, uniformly distributed. Hind wing: macropterous. Legs. Profemur red-brown, covered with fine, evenly spaced punctures and long, recumbent golden setae; protibia yellow-brown, mostly bare and shiny, dorsal surface with numerous short and a few very long setae, ventral surface with dense row of short, erect setae, arcuate with narrow spines at ventral apex; protarsus yellow-brown, shiny, dorsal surface with a few sparse, very long setae, ventral surface with row of long setae. Mesofemur similar to profemur; mesotibia yellow-brown, mostly bare and shiny, dorsal surface with row of extremely long, golden setae, other surfaces with scattered, short setae, arcuate with spines at ventral apex; mesotarsus similar to protarsus except ventral setae much longer. Metafemur similar to pro- and mesofemora; metatibia straight (in lateral view) with spines at ventral apex, heavily and evenly setose, setae moderately long to very long; metatarsus similar to mesotarsus. Venter red-brown, heavily setose. Prosternum with anterior border narrowly margined; prosternal process wide between procoxae, widest at midlength, convex over procoxae, lateral margins weakly arcuate; prosternal process with median longitudinal carina, bordered laterally by sulci, terminating in an elongate protuberance near apex. Metaventrite with intercoxal process margined and barely depressed; posterior disc depressed at junction of sulcate metakatepisternal suture and metathoracic discrimen. Abdomen with some setae longer than on rest of body except legs; ventrite 1 with triangular intercoxal process thinly margined laterally; ventrites 2–4 of equal length, punctures smaller at center of disc, coarser laterally, aligned with faint, transverse strigae; ventrite 5 longest, disc coarsely punctate, covered with long setae prominent at margins. Genitalia. Aedeagus stout (Fig. 21). Phallobase about 1.5x longer than parameres and wider than paramere bases together. Parameres in dorsal view each laterally sinuate, widest at base, narrowest at midlength, widened at apical 1/4, then narrowed to rounded apex; in lateral view aedeagus strongly curved ventrally, each paramere wide, ventral surface nearly straight, dorsal surface weakly arcuate, paramere tip bluntly rounded. Penis more than 3/4 length of parameres, in dorsal view basal width subequal to paramere at midlength; evenly narrowed from base to broadly rounded apex. Intraspecific variation. Males, 5.40–6.00 mm long (n=8), are smaller than females, 6.15–7.15 mm long (n=14). In both males and females there is variation between individuals in respect to the degree of prosternal process sculpturing. Extremely long mesotibial setae are present in both sexes, although the setation is reduced in two female specimens. Among males, the degree to which the protibiae are curved varies. Some of the specimens are much paler in color and are likely teneral, probably having been collected at lights. Geographic distribution. Known from just a few localities in Bolivia, Paraguay and Venezuela (Fig. 3). Etymology. This new species is named in honor of the Zamuco, also called the Ayoreo, one of the indigenous peoples who live in the northern Gran Chaco region of Bolivia and Paraguay where this species occurs. Comments. The specimens from Venezuela are quite geographically disjunct from those collected in Bolivia and Paraguay (Fig. 3). Regardless, they are indistinguishable based on the male genitalia and external morphology. Females are readily identifiable as this species and the specimens examined have been designated as paratypes.Published as part of Barr, Cheryl B. & Shepard, William D., 2020, Hiding in plain sight: rediscovery and review of Parygrus Erichson, 1847, with description of five new species from the Neotropics (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea Dryopidae), pp. 99-128 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on pages 122-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/372426
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
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