21,587 research outputs found
Application of Electrospray Deposition for Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaic Devices”
No full textOrganic solar cells can be processed from solution at room temperature and have been considered as an alternative photovoltaic technology, thus having been receiving considerable interest in the field of optoelectronics. Most importantly, their light weight, low cost, easy fabrication over large area and flexible devices are appealing to future\ud
organic electronics market for both economic and environmental reasons, as printing and coating technologies can be incorporated during the material process. In this\ud
work, we have investigated the application of electrospray deposition technique towards achieving high efficiency and stable organic solar cells. The main advantages of\ud
electrospray deposition (ESD) over other common deposition processes are: suitability for less soluble materials, lack of solvent evaporation effects, possibility for realizing\ud
multilayered devices and efficient usage of the materials. Among them, multilayered thin film growth is most important advantage of ESD which is difficult to achieve while\ud
using conventional solution process techniques like spin coating, dip-coating, screen printing, ink jet printing or spray coating etc, as dissolution of the bottom organic\ud
layer during the growth of top layer can not be avoided. In this systematic study, a number of issues concerning ESD have been tackled, from the optimization of the deposition parameters to eventually realizing efficient and stable organic photovoltaic devices. The first part of thesis comprised the electrical characterization of the ESD\ud
deposited sandwich structure Schottky diode using poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) in order to optimize various electrospray parameters. The results provide a description\ud
of various charge carrier transport parameters along with the determination of field dependent hole mobility and electric field activation parameter from the fitting of the\ud
experimental I-V curves. The hole mobility was determined as 2.7x10−7cm2/Vs and the value of electric field parameter is 3.45x10−4/m0:5/V0:5 which are comparable to the literature values. A clear evidence of the deep localized states within the band gap was observed via forward and backward I-V measurements. Following this promising\ud
outcome, we first fabricated and characterized hybrid photovoltaic devices from dispersed nanoparticles (TiO2) and polymer blend solution, results of which will be\ud
presented in the next chapter. From the Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements, it was found that increasing thermal annealing improves the self organization\ud
of P3HT chain in the film. However, after optimization processes such as tuning the ratio, solvent soaking and temperature annealing, efficiency of around 0.0002% was achieved. The main reason for the lower performance of the hybrid devices is due to the aggregation of the nanoparticles in the blend films, which was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. In the following chapter, I will demonstrate the Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic approach by replacing the electron accepting nanoparticles with [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). A number of parameters in term of thickness, donor acceptor ratio of the materials and annealing temperatures were optimized. The results show that ESD devices performed rather well at lower temperature\ud
(below 130 0C) even better than the conventional spin coated sample with the same thickness and donor-acceptor ratio. At the optimum temperature of 1250C, the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 1.4 % for the spin coated samples, while ESD samples have higher PCE of 1.6 %. Further enhancement the PCE to 2.17% was observed in case of multilayered devices in which the active layer (P3HT:PCBM\ud
blend) is sandwiched between the very thin stacking layers of P3HT and PCBM.\ud
In the last part of the thesis, I focused on realizing the inverted OPV device architectures using ESD technique, where we replaced unstable hole transport layer poly(3,4-\ud
ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) and Al metal contacts with TiOx/ZnO as electron extracting layers and MoO3/Ag as hole collecting contacts respectively. Long term stability and performance were compared to the direct architecture of OPV devices. The TiOx based inverted solar cell shows the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.30% from trilayer devices comparing to the PCE of 0.82% from single layer of the same materials at annealing temperature of 1100C for 10 minutes. Further improvement in device efficiency of inverted\ud
OPVs was demonstrated by employing ZnO electron collecting layers instead of TiOx which has better transparency and higher mobility. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.48% from the trilayer based OPV comparing to PCE of 0.83%\ud
from the single layer device at thermal annealing of 1200C was achieved. The stability of the inverted structure devices were tested under ambient condition with continuous\ud
illumination which shows much better device performance in longer time duration as compare to direct structure devices.\ud
In summary, application of ESD deposition for organic solar cells with different device configurations was systematically studied in this thesis and promising high efficiency and stability were obtained, even comparing to the common deposition method. This places the technique in a front position as an alternative method for organic thin film growth and device fabrication
Writing from the shadowlands: how cross-cultural literature negotiates the legacy of Edward Said
Full text linkThis thesis examines the impact of Edward Said's influential work Orientalism and its legacy in respect of contemporary reading and writing across cultures. It also questions the legitimacy of Said's retrospective stereotyping of early examples of cross-cultural representation in literature as uncompromisingly 'orientalist'.
It is well known that the release of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978 was responsible for the rise of a range of cultural and critical theories from multiculturalism to postcolonialism. It was a study that not only polarized critics and forced scholars to re-examine orientalist archives, but persuaded creative writers to re-think their ethnographic positions when it came to the literary representations of cultures other than their own. Without detracting from the enormous impact of Said, this thesis isolates gaps and silences in Said that need correcting. Furthermore, there is an element of intransigence, an uncompromising refusal to fine-tune what is essentially a binary discourse of the West and its other in Said's work, that encourages the continued interrogation of power relations but which, because of its very boldness, paradoxically disallows the extent to which the conflict of cultures indeed produced new, hybrid social and cultural formations.
In an attempt to challenge the severity of Said's claim that 'every European, in what he could say about the Orient, was consequently a racist, an imperialist, and almost totally ethnocentric', the thesis examines a number of different discursive contexts in which such a presumption is challenged. Thus while the second chapter discusses the 'traditional' profession-based orientalism of nineteenth-century E. G. Browne, the third considers the anti-imperialism of colonial administrator Leonard Woolf. The fourth chapter provides a reflection on the difficulties of diasporic 'orientalism' through the works of Michael Ondaatje while chapter five demonstrates the effects of the dialogism used by Amitav Ghosh as a defence against 'orientalism'. The thesis concludes with an examination of contemporary writing by Andrea Levy that appositely illustrates the legacy of Said's influence.
While the restrictive parameters of Said's work make it difficult to mount a thorough-going critique of Said, this thesis shows that, indeed, it is within the restraints of these parameters and in the very discourse that Said employs that he traps himself. This study claims that even Said is susceptible to 'orientalist' criticism in that he is as much an 'orientalist' as those at whom he directs his polemic
Bulleh Shah: Thought and Praxis
No full textBulleh Shah is one of the most well-known and loved poets of the Punjabi language. This article describes with quotations from his Punjabi poetry that Bulleh Shah did not believe in the beliefs and practices of common people who had been influenced by the Brahmanic concept of class system. In those days Punjab was passing through a tumultuous period of its history and the common Muslims abhorred those who belonged to lower social layers. Bulleh Shah expressly said in his poetry that he did not believe in such ideas and humanity was a preferred idea to him
Indoor air quality in enclosed cafeteria at UiTM, Shah Alam / Maizatul Akma Said
No full textIndoor air pollution is consistently reported to be two to five times and occasionally up to 1,000 times higher than outdoor levels. This is alarming considering than the majority of people tent to spend an average of 70% to 96% of their indoor environments. In enclosed cafeteria it has the same situation but not almost users use it and spend an average time in that area. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), however, is still a relatively unexplored topic in Malaysia. In this study was therefore conducted to examine IAQ from a local perspective. IAQ monitoring was conducted in a selected sample of IAQ in enclosed cafeteria area an impact on human comfort. The three of enclosed cafeteria area were monitored. IAQ parameters measured in this study include temperature; relative humidity and air velocity also have carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. IAQ measurements were taken in one of the case study were divide into three type of area in that area that is dining area, cooking area and toilet (if have). The overall results shows the IAQ in enclosed cafeteria at UiTM, Shah Alam were not less than the limit of parameters existing IAQ guidelines and standards. However, it still need a good ventilation and air conditioning systems
Top 10 challenges for India in 2013
No full textHemal Shah asked LSE academics and Indian journalists, parliamentarians, policy analysts, and economists what challenges India should prepare to tackle in the new year. Here’s what they said
What said the economic theory about Portugal. Another approach
Full text linkWith this work we try to analyse the agglomeration process in the Portuguese regions, using the New Economic Geography models. This work aims to test, also, the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (1)Kaldor (1966), for the 28 NUTS III Portuguese in the period 1995 to 1999. It is intended to test the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975). With this study we want, also, to test the Verdoorn´s Law at a regional and a sectoral levels (NUTs II) for the period 1995-1999. The importance of some additional variables in the original specification of Verdoorn´s Law is yet tested, such as, trade flows, capital accumulation and labour concentration. This study analyses, also, through cross-section estimation methods, the influence of spatial effects in productivity in the NUTs III economic sectors of mainland Portugal from 1995 to 1999, considering the Verdoorn relationship. The aim of this paper is, yet, to present a contribution, with panel data, to the analysis of absolute convergence and conditional of the sectoral productivity at regional level (from 1995 to 1999). The structural variables used in the analysis of conditional convergence is the ratio of capital/output, the flow of goods/output and location ratio.new economic geography; Verdoorn law; convergence; cross-section and panel data; Portuguese regions
IIT Hyderabad team wins TCS CodeVita contest
Full text linkAdarsh Pugalia and Shalin Shah, from IIT Hyderabad bagged CodeVita’s 1st prize of 10,000, at the contest held in
Hyderabad last week.
A two-member team from IIT Hyderabad emerged on top at the TCS CodeVita contest for engineering and
science students.
The team, comprising Adarsh Pugalia and Shalin Shah, from IIT Hyderabad bagged CodeVita’s 1st prize
of $10,000, at the contest held in
Hyderabad last week, a Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) release on Monday said
Kunjungan pengurusan tertinggi ACIS ke UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang / Shahirah Said
Full text linkPihak UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang telah menerima kunjungan rasmi Pengurusan Tertinggi ACIS, Shah Alam. Kunjungan yang berlaku pada 13 Oktober 2023 telah berlangsung di Bilik Mesyuarat Pejabat Rektor, UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang sekitar jam 9 pagi. Kunjungan ACIS telah disambut oleh YBhg Prof. Ir. Dr Hj Ahmad Rashidy bin Razali (Rektor UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang) dan barisan Jawatankuasa Eksekutif Negeri (JKEN) UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang. Turut menghadiri perjumpaan ini ialah Ketua Pusat Pengajian dan semua pensyarah ACIS UiTMCPP
Espiritualidade política no governo de Khomeini: o sistema político do Irã após a revolução de 1979
Full text linkDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2014.O propósito desta dissertação é a compreensão da dinâmica do sistema político do Irã nos dias de hoje, pensado e construído no decorrer das décadas de 1970 e 1980. A partir de uma série de confrontos com a monarquia que ocasionaram diversos momentos de tensão no país e enfraqueceram o papel do Xá, o sistema político iraniano e todo o modelo de organização social passa a ser questionado e repensado. Muitas foram as personalidades de destaque nesse processo, entre elas Khomeini, que, com seu discurso carismático, conseguiu reunir em torno de si diferentes grupos e classes sociais do Irã, fortalecendo seu projeto de Governo Islâmico ao resgatar a essência do Islã. Por essa razão, Khomeini e suas principais obras serviram de fonte de pesquisa para a construção deste estudo. Muitos também foram os intelectuais, pesquisadores e cientistas que acompanharam os acontecimentos iranianos à época, entre eles Michel Foucault, que viajou ao país e escreveu sobre o testemunho da ideia de espiritualidade política no Irã. Foucault é um dos autores utilizados neste trabalho, com o intuito, principalmente, de sugerir um novo caminho de interpretação do acontecimento iraniano. Foi importante, da mesma forma, o contato com obras de autores islâmicos, como Ali Gheissari, Vali Nasr, Benazir Bhutto, Sayyd Abdul A'la Al-Maudidi, dentre outros. Esses autores foram fundamentais para manter esse trabalho dentro do seu principal propósito, quer seja, apresentar uma versão em nada etnocêntrica do movimento revolucionário iraniano e dos seus desdobramentos. Após a Revolução Iraniana de 1979, serão esses fatores - o papel de Khomeini, o resgate do Islã em sua essência tradicional e política e o conceito de espiritualidade política - que nos farão compreender o surgimento da República Islâmica e do novo sistema político iraniano. Perceber as especificidades da sociedade muçulmana que se desdobram num novo modo de ser, de vivenciar, é fundamental para compreender as dinâmicas e tensões de muitos países muçulmanos e suas relações com o Ocidente.Abstract : The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the dynamics of today's Iranian political system, designed and built during the 1970s and 1980s. From a series of confrontations with the monarchy, which caused several moments of tension in the country and weakened the role of the Shah, the Iranian political system and the entire model of social organization began to be questioned and rethought. Many were the prominent personalities in this process, including Khomeini, who, with his charismatic speech, managed to gather around him different groups and social classes in Iran, strengthening his project of Islamic government by rescuing the essence of Islam. Therefore, Khomeini and his major works were used as source of research for the construction of this study. In addition, many were the intellectuals, researchers and scientists who followed the events in Iran at the time, among them Michel Foucault, who traveled the country and wrote, in excited manner, about the testimony of the idea of political spirituality in Iran. Foucault is one of the authors used in this work, aiming mainly to suggest a new way of interpreting the Iranian event. Equally important was the contact with Islamic authors such as Ali Gheissari, Vali Nasr, Benazir Bhutto, Sayyid Abdul A'la Al - Maudidi , among others. These authors were critical to keep this work within its main purpose: to present a non-ethnocentric version of Iranian revolutionary movement and its outcomes. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, these factors - the role of Khomeini, the rescue of traditional and political Islam and concept of political spirituality -were and are fundamental to make us understand the emergence of the Islamic Republic and the Iranian new political system. Understand the specifics of Muslim society that unfold in a new way of being, of experiencing, is essential for understanding the dynamics and tensions of many Muslim countries and their relations with the West
Synthesis of Novel Rhodium Complex of Biphenylic-Imidazole-Phenanthroline and Photophysical Analysis of Metal Ions Selectively for Pb2+
No full text0000-0001-5025-9326WOS: 000377764300012A novel rhodium biphenylic-imidazole-phenanthroline metal-organic complex has been synthesized and the photophysical properties were studied against different metal ions. The rapid and sensitive detection of metal ions have an important impact on making the various environmental, biological and chemosensor devices. The new chemosensing properties have shown the affinity for Pb2+ toward Rhodium biphenyl-imidazole phenanthroline 6. These studies significantly conceded out that the UV/Vis and flourescent characteristic of the receptor has selectively responded at 344 nm with absorbance of 0.341 to the Pb2+, it is also obviously evident from the partial H-1-NMR results that the disappearance of NH at 7.129 and 10.081 ppm respectively. The remaining metal ions appeared small difference in their hypso- and hyperchromic shifts of UV/Vis results. Furthermore characterization and analytical studies of metal-organic complexes as chemosensors for different metal ions such as Ca2+, Cs+, Cu2+, Fe3+, K+, Mn2+, Na+, Pb2+, Sb+, Sn2+, Sn4+, and Zn2+ were carried using NMR, MS-ESI, Fluorescence and UV/Vis spectroscopic technique.Higher Education Commission of PakistanHigher Education Commission of PakistanWe are indebted to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for financial support and HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi for the availability of instruments and chemicals
- …
