475 research outputs found
Law student attitudes towards pro bono and voluntary work: The experience at Northumbria University
No full textThis study considers whether participation in pro bono legal work during a programme of academic study at Northumbria University increases the likelihood of future participation in pro bono activity amongst law students.This was a quantitative study in which an online survey, measuring altruistic attitudes, was sent to students enrolled on the M Law Exempting degree programme at Northumbria University. The author analysed the data by comparing the attitudes of those students who had engaged in pro bono activity during the fourth year of the programme against those students who had yet to engage in pro bono activity, being those students in Years 1, 2 and 3 of the programme.The data suggests that whilst the students value engagement in pro bono activity, this is principally due to the personal benefits which they gain. In particular, respondents reported improvement in legal skills and enhanced employability as a consequence of participation in pro bono work. The data indicates that there is an increased awareness of social and economic issues whilst engaged in pro bono work but this does not translate into a desire to continue pro bono work after graduation.It was therefore concluded that participation in pro bono work during the course of academic study does not increase the likelihood of future participation in pro bono activity following graduation
Correction to: The largest European forest carbon stocks are in the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests: comparison of direct measurements and standardised approaches (Carbon Balance and Management, (2024), 19, 1, (15), 10.1186/s13021-024-00262-4)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified errors in the article title and in the author group. These errors have been updated with this correction. The article title “The largest European forest carbon stocks are in the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests: comparison of direct measurements and standardised approaches” was incorrectly written as “The largest European forest carbon sinks are in the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests: comparison of direct measurements and standardised approaches”. The given and family names of the authors “Alessia Bono, Giorgio Alberti, Roberta Berretti1, Milic Curovic, Vojislav Dukic and Renzo Motta” were incorrectly structured as “Bono Alessia, Alberti Giorgio, Berretti Roberta, Curovic Milic, Dukic Vojislav and Motta Renzo”. The original article has been corrected
Pro bono practice as a legal aid institute. Lawyers Motivation to provide pro bono for individuals
No full textDarba mērķis autorei ir analizēt esošo situāciju Latvijas Republikā, aprakstīt pro bono kā juridiskas palīdzības sniegšanas veidu, t.sk. aprakstot tā rašanos un vēsturisko attīstību ārvalstīs un attīstību mūsdienu Latvijā; kā arī apzināt un sniegt savu viedokli par elektroniskā aptaujā iegūto informāciju par zvērinātu advokātu attieksmi un motivāciju, kādu iemeslu dēļ advokāti sniedz pro bono. Noteiktā mērķa realizēšanai izvirzītie uzdevumi ir:
1.Definēt pro bono jēdzienu;
2.Apskatīt pro bono institūta vēsturiskās attīstības tendences, t.sk. labdarības modeļa vēsturisko attīstību;
3.Apkopot un analizēt pro bono prakses attīstību Latvijā;
4.Apzināt ētikas teorijā minētos ētikas un deontoloģijas jēdzienus un izvērtēt zvērinātiem advokātiem adresētā elektroniskā aptaujā iegūtos un apkopotos advokātu viedokļus par aspektiem, kas advokātus motivē sniegt pro bono fiziskām personām.
Mērķa sasniegšanai un izvirzīto uzdevumu izpildīšanai tiks izmantota analītiskā pētniecības metode, pētot nacionālos, tā arī starptautiskos normatīvos aktus un dokumentus, attiecīgo literatūru, nacionālo tiesu praksi. Tāpat tiks izmantota vēsturiskā, kā arī salīdzinošā pētniecības metode, aprakstot pro bono attīstību un labdarības modeļa vēsturisko attīstību; analītiskā un socioloģiskā pētniecības metode, pētot ētiskos u.c. aspektus, kas zvērinātus advokātus Latvijā motivē sniegt pro bono pakalpojumus fiziskām personām. Darbā tiks ietverts arī ekspertu viedoklis, izmantojot intervijās un elektroniskā sarakstē ar zvērinātu advokātu pārstāvjiem, Latvijas Zvērinātu advokātu padomes pārstāvjiem, Latvijā esošu pro bono organizāciju vadītāju un Latvijas Universitātes mācībspēku viedokļiem.
Darbs sastāv no trim galvenām nodaļām un apakšnodaļām, kā arī no pielikuma – izvirzītā mērķa sasniegšanai pielikumā pievienots zvērinātu advokātu elektroniskās aptaujas t.s. „izejas datu” materiāls, kurā redzami darba autores interneta vietnē www.visidati.lv izveidotā elektroniskā aptauja (sk. Pielikumā: Aptauja „Pro bono kā viens no juridiskās palīdzības institūta veidiem. Advokātu līdzdalība „Advokatūras dienas” ietvaros un motivācija sniegt pro bono praksi fiziskām personām) un tās jautājumi. Šeit aplūkojami aptaujas jautājumi, kuri tika nosūtīti e-pastā un atgādinājuma e-pastā; kā arī saņemtās zvērinātu advokātu atbildes vēl neapstrādātā, neapkopotā veidā, lai varētu gūt pilnīgu pārskatu par elektroniskā aptaujā ietvertajiem jautājumiem un saņemtajām advokātu atbildēm.
Labdarība; sociālā atbildība; pro bono; zvērinātu advokātu atbildīgums; advokātu motivācija sniegt pro bono fiziskām personāmThe main goal of the project is to pay attention to the current situation in Latvian Republic and to describe pro bono as the significant kind of legal service; also taking into account the short review of origin and historical development of pro bono in the world and in today’s situation in Latvia. In the context of the project, this work also provides the compilation of information from the lawyers online survey with a representative feed-back information about possible reasons and motivation of lawyers to provide pro bono.
For realizing the main goal of the project, author put forward the following objectives: to define the concept of pro bono; look at the pro bono institute through historical trends, including historical development of charity model and describes summary and analysis in the development of pro bono as legal aid in Latvia, especially for individuals; identify in ethical theory the concept of deontology and ethics and evaluate the findings and reviews from the lawyers online survey these aspects that motivate lawyers to provide pro bono for individuals. For realizing the project, author use analytical method; also historical and comparative and sociologial research method. To familiarize with the various lawyers motivation issues, author quotes to the fragments of yet unpublished study of ethics „Communication Ethics” by Skaidrite Lasmane, professor of communication ethics in the Department of Communication studies, University of Latvia; and also quotes to the summary of the online survey from the site www.visidati.lv as the tool of students online surveys for the Bachelor job and this survey results and summary of findings; and also quotes to opinions of various experts, using materials of interviews and the summary of electronic correspondence with the representatives of Latvian Council of Sworn Advocates and leaders of existing Latvian pro bono organizations.
The project consists of three main sections as well as annex; for achieving the one of the goal of project also is added so called „raw material” from the lawyers online survey for displaying the content of online survey and for better understanding the author’s questions provided to the lawyers. Here you can see the questionnaires that were sent by e-mail and afterall by reminder e-mail for all practicing lawyers in Latvia.
Charity, social responsibility, pro bono, lawyers’ accountability, motivation to provide pro bono for individual
Law School\u27s Pro Bono Role: A Duty to Require Student Public Service
No full textThe immense legal needs of the indigent are not being met. Pro bono work is the responsibility of every lawyer, but most lawyers do not do any pro bono work. The author argues that law schools have a responsibility not only to nurture student interest in pro bono work but also to develop students’ abilities to provide legal services to the indigent. The author proposes that law schools require students to participate in programs that provide legal services to the poor, either through a private organization or through a clinical program. The author contends that the latter method would be better
Novation\u27s De bono Pudicitae
No full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to make a new translation of the treatise De bono pudicitiae and to provide notes and a commentary which will serve to clarify the meaning of the text as well as to relate the work to its author and to his times
Pro Bono in Law Schools: Tracking the Effect of Pro Bono Service in an Australian University Law Clinic
No full textIt has been widely acknowledged that pro bono service in law clinics and university access to justice initiatives have a positive impact on students, especially in relation to increasing their graduate employability skills. However, little empirical evidence exists in respect of the extended benefits of pro bono service during students’ studies in relation to the students themselves once they enter the workforce, as well as data on the perceived benefits by recipients of the pro bono services. This article explores the impact of pro bono service by university students in a university law clinic from two perspectives, namely that of the graduates themselves after they enter legal practice; and that of the community members who are clients of the pro bono clinics. In the context of a pilot project dealing with these two issues, the author investigates: first, the incidence of continuing pro bono service once law graduates enter legal practice, and the motivating factors for their ongoing involvement in pro bono (or lack thereof), by surveying a group of clinic alumni of a Commercial Law Clinic held at Bond University; and second, the perceived benefits reported by clients of the same law clinic over a period of approximately five years
The role of ex aequo et bono in ICSID arbitration
No full textOvaj rad ispituje ulogu principa ex aequo et bono u arbitraži pred Međunarodnim centrom za rešavanje investicionih sporova (ICSID Centrom). Autor najpre uočava da je broj predmeta u kojima su stranke ugovorile primenu principa ex aequo et bono izuzetno mali. Ipak, uprkos njihovoj malobrojnosti, ovi predmeti omogućavaju izvođenje određenih zaključaka u pogledu načina na koji su stranke ugovarale odlučivanje po pravičnosti i postupanja arbitražnih veća u takvim okolnostima. Posebno se razmatraju dva scenarija: primena ex aequo et bono kao merodavnog pravnog okvira za rešavanje spora i pozivanje na ex aequo et bono u pokušaju da se isposluje poništaj arbitražne odluke. Autor zaključuje da se oprez stranaka u pogledu ugovaranja odlučivanja po pravičnosti može objasniti strahom od nedovoljne predvidljivosti ishoda spora, što je nužna posledica mehanizma primene pravičnosti kao izvora prava. S druge strane, može se očekivati da će stranke nastaviti da pokazuju kreativnost u pokušaju da dokažu da pogrešna primena merodavnog prava u meritornom postupku pred arbitražnim većem zapravo predstavlja neovalšćeno odlučivanje ex aequo et bono, čime bi se otvorio put za poništaj takve arbitražne odluke zbog prekoračenja ovlašćenja arbitražnog veća.This article examines the role of the principle of ex aequo et bono in arbitration before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). At the outset, the author remarks that the cases in which the application of ex aequo et bono was agreed upon by the parties are very scarce. Nevertheless, despite that scarcity, it is possible to draw some conclusions on the way in which equity was invoked by the parties and applied by the ICSID tribunals. Two scenarios are analyzed in particular: the use of ex aequo et bono as the applicable framework for dispute settlement and the reliance on ex aequo et bono in an attempt to nullify the award before an ad hoc Committee. The author concludes that the reluctance of the parties to agree on ex aequo et bono may be explained by the lack of predictability of outcomes that is inherent to this source of law. On the contrary, it might be expected that the parties will continue trying to come up with creative arguments aimed at proving the unauthorized application of ex aequo et bono by the tribunals in their attempts to annul the awards on the basis of excess of powers
A Mandatory Pro Bono Service Standard-Its Time Has Come
No full textDespite the efforts of ardent advocates such as Chesterfield Smith, former president of the American Bar Association, the legal profession has continually failed to adopt a rule requiring mandatory pro bono services. In this article, Mr. Smith proposes a definitive, yet flexible, pro bono rule to govern lawyers\u27 conduct. The author explains that the flexible nature of such a rule will accommodate the individual circumstances of members of the bar while serving the needs of society
MEMBANGUN MODEL KAMPANYE POLITIK BERBASIS SILATURAHIM BAGI CALON LEGISLATIF INCUMBENT KABUPATEN KLATEN DALAM PEMILU 2014
No full textA political campaign is an event political maneuvers to draw as much as possible voters so could achieve
power. Therefore every way may worn from start granting promises grandiloquence until intimidation in hope to
rule. Changes to the election Ordinances will also change the ways and approach to political campaigns that are
run by each of the members of the legislature. The campaign by means of political lobbying to community
leaders (key person) is more preferred because it can be magnetic voice, besides the introduction of the candidate
to the community through political campaigns involving society as the main way to attract attention and votes of
the constituents that local community.
Based on the research that has been done then it can be taken as conclusions to answer the problem
formulation in this study as follows: the Model of political Campaign prospective members of the legislature
include: phase identification, legitimacy, Participation Phase Phase, phase penetration and Distribution Stage.
The parliamentary candidates will make use of existing media for political campaigns through print, electronic
media and out-door. Political Campaign prospective Model Legislative-based friendship among others through
communication channels: Group, Public communication channels, the Channels of social communication, Interpersonal,
communication channels and Traditional Communications Salaturahm
Free Work Yields Priceless Results: Young Lawyers’ Involvement in Pro Bono Activities
No full textPro bono work can provide young lawyers with valuable practical experience early in their careers and also provides an important service to low income members of the community that wouldn’t have access to legal services otherwise. The author explores the benefits of pro bono work and gives examples of opportunities young lawyers may participate in to provide this valuable benefit to the public
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