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Chinese international relations theory of statecraft and party
No full textThis chapter explains how Chinese international relations theory is formed and put into practice. It utilizes political economy to identify and sketch the main components of Chinese international relations theory and assesses the viability of the Chinese Communist Party’s contemporary great power statecraft. Leader’s thought as a method of power to determine the correct path—validation of ideology by the leader—is reviewed and the thoughts of Mao, Deng and Xi are outlined. How a declared correct path is then propagated by the vanguard party is reasoned to be an essential component of converting Chinese international relations theory into policy. However, theory built from the ideology of Chinese Marxism-Leninism as socialism with Chinese characteristics is found to incorrectly attribute the People’s Republic of China’s development success to socialism rather than the liberal and mercantilist derived policies followed since Deng Xiaoping’s reforms from the late 1970s. The utility of present Chinese international relations theory is thus found to be limited as it is undermined by the ideological requirement to constantly struggle for socialism which results in the dysfunctional policy of hegemonism. As a result, the chapter disrupts the illusion that Chinese international relations theory has the same broad goals of enhanced collaboration between states and the prevention of conflict that other international relations theory professes
Comparing the perceptions of ethnic minority construction workers and management staff on the factors affecting safety communications
No full textIntroduction: Communications is of great importance to the workplace health and safety. This study explores safety communication perceptions of ethnic minority construction workers (EMCWs) and managers to address the vulnerability of EMCWs and overcome communication barriers in ensuring their safety. Method: A questionnaire survey of 134 EMCWs and 95 management staff in the Hong Kong and Australian construction industries is analyzed by the mean score ranking technique, Kendall's concordance test, Spearman's rank correlation test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The main finding is that “Adequacy of language ability of workers” is the most important factor for effective safety communication. EMCWs also prioritize “Personality characteristics of workers” and “Adequacy of workers’ construction experience” for understanding safety information. Management staff emphasize the importance of “Adequacy of time when communicating with workers” and the “Appropriateness of communication style of management” for effective communication. Significant differences exist between EMCWs and management staff, with EMCWs considering 23 out of 36 factors as more important, particularly regarding cultural sensitivity and workers’ understanding of the host country's culture. Conclusions: A fresh perspective is provided on safety communication factors, revealing significant differences in perceptions between EMCWs and management staff, highlighting communication gaps requiring attention. The prevailing organizational-centric approach is challenged by emphasizing EMCWs’ prioritization of worker-related factors like language ability and personality traits, emphasizing the need to address worker-specific issues. Cultural sensitivity emerges as a significant factor, rated higher by EMCWs, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and addressing cultural differences in communication. A research gap is filled by examining safety communication issues specific to EMCWs, providing insights for interventions and strategies to enhance safety practices and protect their well-being. Practical Applications: The research findings highlight the importance of addressing language barriers, considering personality traits and construction experience, allocating adequate communication time, and promoting cultural sensitivity in safety communication between EMCWs and management staff
Harmonizing Green and Health: A Stakeholder Engagement Framework for Integrated Building Evaluation
No full text“Green + healthy” buildings aim to achieve the dual objectives of energy conservation and well-being promotion, significantly contributing to global sustainable development goals (SDGs). As intelligent technologies and construction projects grow increasingly complex, evaluation systems struggle to address stakeholders' diverse needs adequately. This paper utilizes the Quantitative Method of Determining Stakeholder Influence Priorities (QM-DSIP), Dotmocracy, and other techniques to quantify stakeholder impact on these projects and balance the hierarchical relationships between green and healthy buildings elements, establishing a comprehensive stakeholder-centric evaluation system for “green + healthy” buildings. Based on questionnaire survey data from nine construction-related-stakeholder groups in China, the findings indicate that developers and the government are the most influential stakeholders, while property management companies are the least. The system encompasses 12 primary and 38 secondary indicators, with “health and comfort” and “liveability” receiving the highest weights. In contrast, “mental” ranks lowest among the primary indicators. Among secondaries, “indoor thermal and humidity environment” and “safety” are prioritized, while “space privacy” ranks lowest. Our research, rooted in China but with global aspirations, aims to provide replicable scientific methods and frameworks for participatory evaluations of “green + healthy” buildings tailored to each country's characteristics. It also provides theoretical and practical guidance for the entire life cycle of buildings, including assisting stakeholders like developers in considering key elements and making the right decisions during the design stage, using VR and other means to evaluate and compare unbuilt building schemes, and conducting post-evaluations of built environments or retrofitted existing buildings, proposing improvement measures.</p
Do carbon emissions trading pilot policies contribute to urban green transportation development?
No full textThe Carbon Emissions Trading (CET) pilot policy represents a significant effort to promote green development. Existing research has focused on the policy's effects on the environment, economy, or the innovation capacity of enterprises, while relatively few studies have explored its impact on the green transportation development level (GTDL). To fill the gap, this study examines the impact of the CET pilot policy on GTDL using panel data from 30 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2020. First, a framework for evaluating GTDL was established, and the propensity score matching (PSM) method was then used to empirically assess the policy's effects. The results indicate that GTDL remained low throughout the decade, underscoring significant potential for improvement. Overall, the CET pilot policy significantly enhances GTDL in China. It has a substantial impact on both the eastern and central-western regions of China, while regional differences are observed in high and low latitude regions.</p
Does the future community initiative enhance community age-friendliness? Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China
No full textWith the increasing degree of aging in China, the age-friendliness of urban communities is critical for sustainable societal development. Initiated by Zhejiang Province, the Future Community Initiative offers a novel approach that integrates modern urban renewal with diverse aging needs. Using propensity score matching (PSM) and a large-scale survey of 56 communities, this study empirically validates the policy's impacts on age-friendliness, particularly its significant enhancements in social participation, community support and health services. However, respect and social inclusion showed limited progress, indicating areas requiring further attention. It was also observed that female seniors, older seniors, and seniors with low retirement incomes fully acknowledge the improvements in the age-friendliness of future communities. These findings contribute to the global age-friendly agenda by providing evidence-based recommendations for optimizing community inclusivity and resource allocation, particularly in rapidly aging urban environments.</p
Synergy or conflict? Identification of coordination effects in the framework of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies
No full textEfficiently curbing the intensity and pace of climate change involves synergetic adaptation and mitigation strategies. Despite their significance, the coordination effects of these strategies, as well as interactive response patterns, need to be further identified. In response, using data spanning 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022, the tailored evaluation systems are separately developed to quantify the adaptation and mitigation. Leveraging these quantitative results, the coupling coordination of climate adaptation and mitigation in each province is calculated to identify whether they are in synergy or conflict. Then, a comprehensive cross-judgment framework is developed to subdivide the synergistic effect into “low level” (SA) vs. “high level” (SB), and the conflict effect into “adaptation lag” (CA) vs. “mitigation lag” (CB). Ultimately, the interactive response patterns of urban internal adaptation and mitigation under each effect are further analyzed, as well as the evolutionary trends under the influence of spillovers from external neighboring provinces. The results show that the number of synergistic provinces is increasing, mainly located in economically active regions, while the number of conflict provinces is decreasing, mainly located in resource-consuming regions. Notably, SB provinces exhibit positive interactions with short-term lags in climate adaptation and mitigation, compared to SA provinces, which also exhibit positive interactions, but with a longer lag in effects. As for conflict provinces, no effective pattern of positive interactions has yet emerged. These findings can provide empirical support and decision-making references for provinces to accurately position themselves and adopt more synergistic action strategies.</p
From digital to innovative: How does digital transformation affect corporate innovation?
No full textWe document that digital transformation significantly enhances corporate innovation, including both exploitative and exploratory types. This finding is supported by instrumental variable regression analysis. Digital transformation improves innovation efficiency by accelerating the conversion of research and development activities into patents and by reducing the time between patent application and approval. Improvements in labor quality and access to financing serve as mediating channels through which digital transformation fosters innovation, with a stronger mediating effect on exploitative innovation. In contrast, digital transformation exerts a more pronounced direct effect on exploratory innovation
Modeling and application of the competition and cooperation relationship between online ride-hailing and subways
No full textThe rapid growth of online ride-hailing (ORH) has sparked an ongoing academic debate about whether it replaces or complements public transit. This study contributes to this debate by examining the relationship between ORH and subway systems through the analysis of 880,000 ORH trajectory data provided by China's Didi Chuxing platform. By investigating the spatial relationship between ORH origin-destination (OD) points and subway stations, ORH trips are categorized into three modes: Subway-Competitive Trips (SCT), Subway-Extending Trips (SET), and Subway-Unserved Trips (SUT). The impact mechanisms of the built environment on these three modes and their spatial effects are then explored using a multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis. The findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between the SUT, SCT, and SET modes and the built environment. Factors such as shopping services, scenic attractions, and bus stop density positively influence ORH trip volumes. Additionally, the SUT mode is more strongly impacted by residential and healthcare services, whereas the SCT mode is also influenced by accommodation services, leisure, entertainment, and corporate establishments. Accommodation services and corporate establishments have a strong influence on the SET mode as well. Moreover, the study suggests that ORH services tend to complement subways rather than directly compete with them.</p
Comprehensive evaluation in urban green transportation development: Evidence from 30 cities in China
No full textThis study develops a Comprehensive Index of Urban Green Transportation Development Levels in Chinese cities to address the absence of a comprehensive framework for evaluating China's urban transportation system. Using expert interviews and the eDPSIR framework, it creates a causal network diagram and employs DEMATEL to assess relationships among 13 key factors and 26 indicators. The system evaluates urban green transportation development comprehensively, covering effectiveness in systems, social, environmental, economic, and transportation aspects. The framework employs the difference coefficient method, subjective and objective entropy weighting, and fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Empirical research on 30 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2020, using improved set-pair analysis and a variable fuzzy set model, identifies challenges in achieving green development levels, with megacities surpassing large cities. Fishbone analysis reveals policy deficiencies, prompting proposed design ideas and enhancement paths. This study enriches green transportation assessment indicators, offering valuable insights for sustainable urban transportation development in China.</p
Driving mechanism of green travel behaviour: application of the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour
No full textAdvocating green travel and reducing private car travel are effectively alleviating the environmental problems of transportation in cities. The purpose of this paper is to use the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour to explore the factors and driving mechanisms affecting citizens’ green travel in the context of dual-carbon. Appropriate policy recommendations are proposed after empirically analysing the questionnaires of 449 Chinese residents. The findings indicate that subjective norms, roles, negative emotions, and habits positively influence motivation to green travel behaviour, while facilitating conditions have a negative effect. On the other hand, neither the positive effects of attitudes, descriptive norms, and self-concepts, nor the moderating effect of facilitating conditions, on behaviour intention and green travel were verified. The full results indicate subjective norms and habits to be the key issues for policy making.</p