1,720,963 research outputs found
GOOGLE TRANSLATE VS. HUMAN TRANSLATOR IN TRANSLATING INDONESIAN LITERARY TEXT OF MUNA MASYARI’S SHORT STORY KETUK LUMPANG INTO ENGLISH
Full text linkTranslators should know both the advantages and disadvantages of using machine translation. This research aims (1) to investigate whether or not the result of the translation works carried out by Google Translate and that of human translator in translating Indonesian short story into English will be different, and (2) to investigate whether or not the shift of sentences between both of them will cause the shift of the main idea of the paragraph. In comparing the results, the researcher focuses on the shift of sentences and their influence on the main idea of the paragraphs. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative method proposed by Enio Cipani and comparative study by Robert L Stake. Meanwhile, for the shift of sentences, the researcher uses Jim Miller's theory of finite and non-finite clauses. Related to translation theory, J.C Catford’s statement, i.e. translation may occur between sentences, clauses, groups, words and (though rarely) morphemes, and Mona Baker’s view, i.e. to find the national category which is regularly and uniformly expressed in all languages is difficult, are considered. Related to the data, the researcher chooses one of the short stories on the page of Dalang Publishing, an American publisher located in San Mateo, California, USA, i.e. Muna Masyari’ short story Ketuk Lumpang which was translated by the researcher himself and then being edited by an English native editor becoming Requiem for a Wedding. The findings of this research are that the Indonesian short story which originally had 1,501 words after being translated into English by Google Translate became 1,937 words. Meanwhile, a human translator translated it into 2,089 words. Regarding the number of sentences, the sentences in the Indonesian short story, whose total number is 169 sentences, and after being translated by Google Translate the number is just the same. However, the human translator translated it becoming 155 sentences. The shifts of sentences (original short story >> Google Translate >> Human translator) can be (1) of a sentence becoming a sentence, (2) of a sentence becoming two sentences, and (3) of two sentences becoming a sentence. Even though the number of sentences change after being translated by human translator into English, the main ideas of the paragraph do not change. Such a matter can be checked by back-translation. The shifts of sentence happen due to the nativelikeness both linguistically and culturally of the target text. Thus, it can be concluded that concerning the main idea of paragraphs, the work of Google Translate was linguistically and culturally different from the human translator’s in translating a literary work from Indonesian into English. However, concerning human translator’s work, the main ideas of the original or Indonesian version do not change
The Comparison between the Works of Machine Translation and Human Translator in Translating Indonesian Short Story into English
Full text linkIn this digital era, translators cannot ignore the advantages of using machine translation. This research aims to compare the translation works carried out by machine translation with human translator in translating Indonesian short story into English. In comparing, the researcher focuses on the finite changes between machine translation and human translator. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative method proposed by Enio Cipani and comparative study by Robert L Stake. Meanwhile, for the finite changes, the researcher uses Jim Miller's theory of finite and non-finite clauses. Related to the data, he chooses one of the short stories on the page of Dalang Publishing, a publisher based in San Mateo, California, United States, namely Han Gagas’ short story Pekik Burung Kedasi di Tepi Kahayan which was translated by Umar Thamrin becoming Crying Cuckoos over the Kahayan. The findings of this research are that the Indonesian short story which originally had 2844 words after being translated into English by a translation machine, i.e. Google Translate, became 3487 words. Meanwhile, a human translator translated it into 3210 words. Regarding sentences, the sentences in the Indonesian short story, whose total number is 241 sentences, after being translated by the machine translation became 242 sentences. Meanwhile, the human translator translated it 254 sentences. Focusing on the finite, 297 fundamental changes were found in the works of machine translation compared with human translator (including the changes of nouns, adjectives, etc.). Moreover, among those changes, there were 213 finite changes. It means that 71.72% of finites in the text translated by machine translation underwent the finite changes. Thus, it can be concluded that concerning the sense of sentences, the work of machine translation was quite different from the human translator in translating a short story from Indonesian into English
NATIVE ENGLISH TEACHER EXAMINING BILINGUAL ESSAYS WRITTEN BY STUDENTS OF INDONESIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION CLASS: THE CASE OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF PURWOREJO MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
Full text linkNowadays the number of non-native English speakers exceeds the number of native English ones, so English is used to communicate among the non-native English speakers. As a consequence, English teachers should consider the phenomena of world Englishes. In this research the main problems is what corrections the native English speaker examining the bilingual essays written by students are. The native speaker is the English lecturer of ESL composition at the Ohio State University, and the subjects are the students of English Education Department at Purworejo Muhammadiyah University in the academic year of 2012/2013. The data is in the form of a number of bilingual essays written by students in accomplishing the task of Indonesian-English translation class. The analysis and interpretation employed is mainly the mixed method emphasizing on descriptiv equalitative research method. After examining, the native English teacher states that he is able to comprehend most of the essays. However, he finds that there are quite many sentences which are considered idiomatically unnatural for native speaker’s point of view. Such weaknesses occur especially due to the use of inappropriate words and idiomatic expressions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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