16 research outputs found
Vaccine hesitancy in the French population in 2016 and its association with vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine risk-benefit balance
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundVaccine hesitancy (VH) is prominent in France. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of VH in sub-groups of the French population and to investigate the association of VH with both vaccine uptake and perceived risk-benefit balance (RBB) for four vaccines. Methods: During the 2016 Health Barometer - a national cross-sectional telephone survey in a representative sample of the French population - parents of 1-15 year-old children, parents of 11-15 year-old girls and elderly people aged 65-75 years were asked about VH (using three questions adapted from the World Health Organization definition), vaccine uptake and perceived RBB for measles and hepatitis B (children's parents), human papillomavirus (girls' parents) and seasonal influenza (elderly people) vaccines. Results: A total of 3,938 parents including 959 girls' parents - and 2,418 elderly people were interviewed. VH prevalence estimates were 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 44-48) among parents, 48% (95%CI: 45-51) among girls' parents and 35% (95% CI: 33-36) among elderly people, with higher estimates associated with high education level, children's age (10-15 years), and, for the elderly, poor perception of health status. VH was associated with uncertainty about and/or an unfavourable perception of vaccines' RBB for the four vaccines and with lower self-reported vaccine uptake, except for human papillomavirus vaccine in girls. Results were confirmed by multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Further research is needed to study the association between VH and vaccine uptake for other vaccines, and to design and validate measurement tools to monitor VH over time
Attitudes to malaria vaccination in children: what can be learned from their consistency with the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination intention? A prospective cohort study in rural Senegal (July 2020–November 2023)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Several sub-Saharan African countries are launching malaria vaccination programmes for children. We assessed how attitudes to malaria vaccination for children could be better understood by considering the individual dynamics of COVID-19 vaccine intention/ uptake over the 2021-2023 campaigns, with a view to highlighting barriers likely to affect malaria vaccine uptake. Methods We conducted a six-wave telephone-based survey of 600 randomly selected Senegalese households. A latent class mixed model was used to assess temporal changes in COVID-19 vaccine intention/uptake and to identify clusters of individuals sharing similar intention/ uptake patterns across the waves. Time-invariant and time-varying correlates were assessed using logistic and probit models. Attitudes to malaria vaccination (wave 6) were compared with the various COVID-19 patterns. Results Of the 600 households contacted, 558 (93.00%) agreed to participate in the study (558 heads of household and 457 spouses). Very strong positive attitudes to malaria vaccination (65.28% of participants) were associated with higher personal COVID-19 vaccine uptake (p<0.001). With regard to the individual dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination, three temporal patterns were identified: continuously strong intention (34.88% of participants), increasingly strong intention (33.40%) and increasingly less strong intention (31.72%). Along with socioeconomic factors, these patterns were explained by early levels of risk perception and trust in health authorities, and temporal fluctuations of these factors. Households where both surveyed members had continuously strong COVID-19 vaccination intention were also more likely to have strong positive attitudes to malaria vaccination for children (p=0.001). Conclusion Further investigation would be necessary to assess the generalisability of using individual dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination as a reference for studying attitudes to newly offered vaccines. As regards the real-world dynamics of uptake of the four scheduled malaria vaccine doses, targeting of parents who need incentives to address barriers to compliance could be improved by accounting for their dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination.</div
Trends in seasonal influenza vaccine coverage of target groups in France, 2006/07 to 2015/16: Impact of recommendations and 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aims: Seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) uptake (SIVU) rates in France are below target. We (i) describe trends in French SIVU over 10 consecutive seasons among different target groups and (ii) examine the effects of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic and the publication of new SIV recommendations in 2011 and 2013. Methods: Our study was based on records of vaccines delivered in community pharmacies for a permanent, representative sample of 805,000 beneficiaries of the French National Health Insurance Fund. For the first objective, we analysed SIVU rate trends among ≥ 65 year olds as well as among < 65 year olds with each of the following conditions: diabetes, respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, or chronic liver disease. For the second goal, we computed segmented log-binomial regression analyses.Results: After the 2009 pandemic, except for the target group with liver diseases, where the difference was not statistically significant, SIVU fell significantly in all groups during the 2010/11 season, remaining relatively stable until 2015/16 in groups not targeted by new recommendations. Crude SIVU rates in 2015/16 were 48% (43,950/91,794) for ≥ 65 year olds and between 16% (407/2,565) and 29% (873/3,056) for < 65 year olds depending on their condition. SIVU increased modestly after new recommendations were published, but only in patients newly eligible for a free vaccine voucher.Conclusions: Our results suggest: (i) a prolonged confidence crisis in SIV, initially impelled by the 2009 pandemic vaccination campaign; (ii) that new recommendations are ineffective without additional measures. Interventional research in this field is a priority
Explaining political differences in attitudes to vaccines in France: partisan cues, disenchantment with politics and political sophistication
No full textIn this article, we contribute to current debates on the role of partisan cues and political sophistication in explaining vaccine hesitancy by drawing on surveys conducted in France. We test whether partisan differences in attitudes to vaccines are best explained by partisan cues or by parties’ differences in propensity to attract people who distrust the actors involved in vaccination policies. We find a small effect of partisan cues and a much stronger effect of trust. But more importantly, we show that the more politically sophisticated are less vaccine hesitant and that the non-partisan are the biggest and most vaccine-hesitant group. To expose the implications of these results, we draw on the sociology of symbolic boundaries and the sociology of disenchantment with politics. We argue that the more politically sophisticated are more likely to be made aware of when politicians cross the lines of acceptable political debate
Author Correction: Prevalence and risk factors for lung involvement on low-dose chest CT (LDCT) in a paucisymptomatic population of 247 patients affected by COVID-19
No full textInternational audienc
Seasonal variation of asymptomatic viral and bacterial nasopharyngeal carriage in rural Senegal
No full textBackground: The surveillance of respiratory pathogens in rural areas of West Africa has, to date, largely been focussed on symptoms. In this prospective study conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to assess the asymptomatic prevalence of respiratory pathogen carriage in a group of individuals living in a rural area of Senegalese. Methods: Longitudinal follow up was performed through monthly nasopharyngeal swabbing during the dry season and weekly swabbing during the rainy season. We enrolled 15 individuals from the village of Ndiop. A total of 368 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected over a one-year period. We investigated the prevalence of 18 respiratory viruses and eight respiratory bacteria in different age groups using singleplex and multiplex PCR. Results: In total, 19.56% of the samples (72/368) were positive for respiratory viruses and 13.60% of the samples (50/368) were positive for respiratory bacteria. Coronaviruses (19/72, 26.39%), adenoviruses (17/72, 23.61%), rhinoviruses (14/72, 19.44%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (17/50, 34%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (15/50, 30%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Interestingly, the carriage of respiratory pathogens was shown to be more frequent during the rainy season, as pluviometry was shown to be positively associated with the occurrence of respiratory viruses such as influenza (P = .0078, r2 =.523) and RSV (P = .0055, r2 =.554). Conclusions: Our results show a non-negligible circulation of respiratory pathogens in a rural area in Senegal (West Africa) with an underestimated proportion of asymptomatic individuals. This study highlights the fact that the circulation of viruses and bacteria in the community has been overlooked
Left Ventricular Trabeculations at Cardiac MRI: Reference Ranges and Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in UK Biobank
No full textInternational audienceIn an analysis applying automated segmentation to UK Biobank MRI scans, hypertension, higher body mass index, and higher physical activity level were associated with increased left ventricular trabeculations in healthy middle-aged White adults
Chronic neuropathic pain negatively associated with employment retention of cancer survivors: evidence from a national French survey
No full textInternational audiencePURPOSE : Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is more prevalent among cancer survivors than among the general population. This study aims to investigate the role of CNP on job retention among cancer survivors, 5 years after diagnosis.METHODS : In 2015, 2009 individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2010 were interviewed in the French national survey VIe après le CANcer. Logistic regression investigated the relationship between CNP-measured using the seven-item Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire-and employment. RESULTS : Nine hundred sixty-nine individuals were aged 18-54 and employed at diagnosis and therefore were included. Eighty-two percent were still employed in 2015, 26% had fewer working hours than before diagnosis, and 55% had the same working hours. Thirty percent reported CNP 5 years after diagnosis. These cancer survivors were less likely to be employed in 2015 than those without CNP and, if employed, were more likely to work fewer hours. After adjustment for gender, medical variables (adverse cancer event, prognosis, chemotherapy, and comorbidities) were found to still significantly affect employment retention in cancer survivors, as well as reporting CNP. CONCLUSION : Improving CNP screening and management is necessary to reduce its impact on cancer survivors' professional lives.IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS : Healthcare policy and medical cancer survivor's follow-up must take into account the importance of the substantial impact of CNP on cancer survivors' daily lives. Therefore, in order to ensure greater employment retention for cancer survivors, raising awareness of care providers about diagnosis and management of CNP is needed
Clinical evidence of the role of Methanobrevibacter smithii in severe acute malnutrition
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Gut microbial dysbiosis has been shown to be an instrumental factor in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and particularly, the absence of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a key player in energy harvest. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether this absence reflects an immaturity or a loss of the microbiota. In order to assess that, we performed a case–control study in Mali using a propensity score weighting approach. The presence of M. smithii was tested using quantitative PCR on faeces collected from SAM children at inclusion and at discharge when possible or at day 15 for controls. M. smithii was highly significantly associated with the absence of SAM, detected in 40.9% controls but only in 4.2% cases (p < 0.0001). The predictive positive value for detection of M. smithii gradually increased with age in controls while decreasing in cases. Among children providing two samples with a negative first sample, no SAM children became positive, while this proportion was 2/4 in controls (p = 0.0015). This data suggests that gut dysbiosis in SAM is not an immaturity but rather features a loss of M. smithii . The addition of M. smithii as a probiotic may thus represent an important addition to therapeutic approaches to restore gut symbiosis
COVID-19-related attitudes, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours and economic impact in sub-Saharan African countries: Implementing a longitudinal phone-based survey protocol in rural Senegalese households
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Rural areas are considered safe havens against the increased spread of COVID-19 and associated restrictive measures, especially in contexts where public authorities are not in a position to systematically and substantially ease COVID-19-induced economic shocks. In the current sub-Saharan Africa context, still marked by uncertainty surrounding the spread of COVID-19, we present the protocol of an ongoing longitudinal study aimed at investigating COVID-19-related attitudes, risks perceptions, preventive behaviours and economic impact in rural areas in Senegal.Methods and analysis A prospective randomised longitudinal study of 600 households located in three semiurban villages and nine randomly selected rural villages in the Niakhar area (located 135 km East of Dakar). Three ad hoc phone surveys are administered to 600 heads of households, their housewives in charge of managing the household and a relative living temporarily in the household, respectively. In addition to sharing identical sets of questions on several topics (risks perceptions, attitudes to curfew, attitudes to vaccines, beliefs about COVID-19 infection), the three separate survey questionnaires also include other topics (economic impact, local preventive strategies) whose related questions differ between questionnaires. As analysing evolutions is the study's primary focus, data on all the topics covered will be collected in three waves unless the spread of COVID-19 by mid-2021 justifies extending data collection. The present article presents the study protocol and details about the implementation of the first wave of data collection which started in July 2020. The decision to wait before presenting the protocol was based on the unprecedented context the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and dissemination The survey's protocol was approved by the Senegalese National Ethical Committee for Research in Health (131/MSAS/CNERS/Sec) and received authorisation from both the Senegalese Ministry of Health (619/MSAS/DPRS/DR) and the French Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL 2220771). © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ
