323,525 research outputs found
Italian Colonisation & Libyan Resistance the Al-Sanusi of Cyrenaica (1911 – 1922)
No full textThis paper seeks to analyse Italian Colonialism in Libya from 1911-1922 against the backdrop of the anti-colonial Sanusi Order. Part A seeks to set the colonial context and ambitions of the European powers in North Africa (and the Maghrib). Part B will outline the emergence of the Sanusi resistance as well as the origins and evolution of the Order from mid-1800’s to a religious-politico organisation by 1911. Part C will investigate the Turco-Italian War (1911-12) whereby Italy officially occupied Libya, it will examine the role of the Sanusi resistance during the first colonial war, subsequent conflicts and the years of the Accords (when a semblance of peace appeared to be on the horizon) and conclude briefly on the impact of the Sanusi Order
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR MALJA' AL-TALIBIN FI TAFSIR KALAM RABB AL-‘ALAMIN KARYA K. H. AHMAD SANUSI
No full textEpistemologi merupakan salah satu disiplin keilmuan filsafat yang berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan mendasar mengenai teori ilmu pengetahuan yang dalam penelitian ini berupa kajian tafsir, yakni bagaimana sebuah tafsir dipahami dan diuji kebenarannya berdasarkan aturan-aturan epistemologi. Kitab tafsir Malja' al-Talibin fi Tafsir Kalam Rabb al-‘Alamin diduga keras oleh sebagian peneliti merupakan kitab tafsir pertama yang ditulis oleh K. H. Ahmad Sanusi. Selain itu, kitab tafsir ini belum banyak yang mengkaji dan tidak begitu populer. Penulisan tafsir ini beliau karang pada masa penjajahan Belanda dan ketika beliau diasingkan di Batavia. Berdasarkan latar belakang inilah peneliti merumuskan problem akademik penelitian ini ke dalam tiga klasifikasi permasalahan, yakni: 1) Apa sumber-sumber penafsiran yang dijadikan rujukan oleh K. H. Ahmad Sanusi dalam kitab Malja' al-Talibin fi Tafsir Kalam Rabb al-‘lamin? 2) Bagaimana metode penafsiran K. H. Ahmad Sanusi dalam menulis Kitab Malja' al-Talibin fi Tafsir Kalam Rabb al-‘Alamin?, dan 3) Bagaimana validitas penafsiran K. H. Ahmad Sanusi dalam tafsirnya secara epistemologis?.
Penulisan dalam skripsi ini ialah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan metode deskriptif-analitik untuk mengungkap gambaran serta sisi epistemologi dari tafsir Malja' al-Talibin fi>Tafsir Kalam Rabb al-‘Alamin karya K. H. Ahmad Sanusi.
Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini: Pertama, sumber-sumber yang K. H. Ahmad Sanusi rujuk dalam penafsirannya meliputi al-Qur’an, berbagai riwayat hadis, pendapat sahabat, ta>bi’i>n, ulama terdahulu, dan kitab-kitab tafsir klasik, salah satunya seperti Tafsi>r al-Kabi>r Mafa>tih} al-Gayb karya Fakhruddi>n al-Ra>zi. Kedua, metode penafsiran yang digunakan oleh K. H. Ahmad Sanusi dalam menulis kitab tafsir ini yaitu menggunakan metode tahlili (analisis), yaitu menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara terperinci menurut tartib mushafi dimulai dari Q.S. al-Fatih}ah dan berakhir di Q. S. Al-Nas, mencantumkan muna>sabah/ hubungan antar ayat, kisah, asbab al-nuzul dalam penafsirannya, serta mencantumkan qira’ah sab’ah setelah penafsirannya. Ketiga, validitas penafsiran kitab ini penulis buktikan dengan tiga teori kebenaran. 1) Teori koherensi. K. H. Ahmad Sanusi telah mengaplikasikan teori ini dalam penafsirannya karena tergolong konsisten dengan metode yang digunakan dan adanya kesesuaian penafsiran dengan sumber pengetahuannya. 2) Teori korespondensi. Dilihat menggunakan teori ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa K. H. Ahmad Sanusi kurang mengaplikasikannya, dikarenakan penafsirannya tidak memberikan uraian yang sesuai dengan realitas empiris. 3) Teori pragmatisme. Tafsir Malja' al-T}alibin karya K. H. Ahmad Sanusi menganut teori ini yang diaplikasikan dalam pembahasa-lokalan (vernakulisasi) ke dalam bahasa Sunda dengan tulisan Arab-pegon, serta penafsirannya merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menjawab berbagai permasalahan dalam hal keagamaan yang ada di masyarakat Sunda pada saat itu
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sifat-sifat Tuhan dalam perspektif Muhammad Al-Sanusi (832-895 H.)
No full textSifat-sifat Tuhan merupakan salah satu topik pembahasan yang sangat penting dalam teologi Islam. Syekh Muhammad al-Sanusi sebagai seorang teolog tidaklah ketinggalan menyinggung permasalahan ini. Ia hidup pada abad ke-15 Masehi adalah pakar hadits, fiqh, logika, khususnya tasauf dan teologi. Ia memiliki pemikiran tentang konsep sifat Tuhan yang mudah dipahami, sehingga pemikirannya tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang sangat luas, dariAfrika Utara hingga selatan, bahkan sampai kekawasan Asia Tenggara, khususnya Indonesia dan Malaysia. Syekh Muhammad al-Sanusi mengklasifikasikan hukum menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu hukum ?adi (kebiasaan), hukum syar?i (agama), dan hukum ?aqli. Menurutnya, hukum ??d? adalah suatu hukum yang ditetapkan melalui metode pengulangan dan uji coba. Hukum Syar?? adalah khit?b Allah yang berhubungan dengan perbuatan makallaf dalam bentuk tuntutan (Tolab) maupun (wad?i). Sementara hukum ?Aql? menurutnya adalah menetapkan sesuatu tanpa bergantung pada pengulangan. Hukum ini tidak keluar dari tiga bagian, yaitu wajib, mustahil, dan j??iz.Berdasarkan pandangannya mengenai hukum ?aql? tersebut, Syekh Muhammad al-San?s? membagi sifat-sifat Allah menjadi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu sifat yang wajib (terbagi menjadi sifat nafsiyyah, sifat salbiyyah, sifat ma?an? dan sifat ma?nawiyyah) , sifat yang mustahil, dan sifat yang j??iz bagi Allah. Dari uraian di atas skripsi ini membatasi masalah pada permasalahan sifat Tuhan yang wajib, sifat yang mustahil, dan sifat yang jaiz, dengan rumusan masalah, bagaimanakah Syekh Muhammad al-Sanusi menjelaskan teori ketuhanan, khususnya mengenai teori sifat wajib, sifat mustahil, dan sifat yang jaiz bagiTuhan? Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis yang berusaha memberikan pemecahan masalah dan segala teori ketuhanan, serta untuk mengangkat pemikiran syekh Muhammad al-Sanusi dalam menggambarkan sifatsifat Tuhan
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Poem of Gondo Arum by Kyai Muhammad Anwar Sanusi Bin Karim: Tracing The Values of Characte
No full textThis research explains the values of character building in the poem (sy’ir) of Gondo Arum by Kyai Muhammad Anwar Sanusi bin Karim. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The aim is to explain and analyze a person’s thought, individually or group. The technique of collecting data is done directly by using written document and monumental creature by a person who is a mufti of archipelago, kyai Muhammad Anwar Sanusi bin Karim. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis method. The finding of this research is 1. Respect and well-mannered character. This value is relevant with 9 pillars of national character. In the poem of already explained related with an attitude of talking to parents and others that relate to religious doctrine; 2. The character of honesty is behaviour that is based on the effort of making him/herself as people who always can be trusted in words, action, and work. According to kyai Muhammad Anwar Sanusi bin Karim, honesty is a very admirable character, it is honesty in words and action; 3. The character of hard-working, it means try hard to achieve success and do not know to give up. According to kyai Muhammad Anwar Sanusi bin Karim hard working is described in the poem of by the term of “frequently of study day and nightâ€; 4. Values of love Allah and truthfulness, it means the realization the feeling of relative among human which is Allah creatures is a favor from one and only God, and from the relationship will grow the feeling of loving to each other which is based on piety; 5. The character of a kind and humble, to make a good character person should always try to do good things. The good habit should be done consistently or istiqamah. The good habit will build someone’s character to become good. Any small of goodness always be done then it will be big goodness; 6. The character of coalescence and unity, it means the unity of messed style that is various become one which is intact and harmonious. The implementation of coalescence and unity values is such as defend the compactness, to parents, relative, fellow, and social environment. Keywords: character building, the poem of Gondo Arum, Islamic literatur
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No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
Equivalent Circuit Microwave Modeling of Graphene-loaded Thick Films Using S-parameters
No full textGraphene, a one-atom thick layer of carbon atoms arranged to form a honeycomb lattice, exhibits intriguing mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, which makes it attractive for bio- and chemical sensors as well as flexible electronics applications. In this paper, graphene films with different amounts of graphene loading (weight fraction 12.5% and 25%) deposited by screen printing technique are characterized in the microwave frequency range. By fitting the measured scattering parameters of graphene-loaded microstrip lines with Advanced Design System (ADS) circuit simulations, a simple equivalent lumped circuit model of the film is obtained. The proposed equivalent lumped circuit model presented in this paper proves suitable as an initial step towards the full-wave electromagnetic modeling and analysis of graphene loaded microwave structures intended for sensing and tuning applications
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