1,720,964 research outputs found
Hétérogénéité spatiale sur le marché du travail et agglomération des activités économiques
No full textCette thèse propose d'identifier des mécanismes à l'origine des disparités spatiales rencontrées sur le marché du travail. Le chapitre introductif souligne la contribution apportée par les modèles d'économie géographique dans la compréhension des mécanismes spatiaux en particulier les disparités de chômage. Dans une deuxième étape, nous présentons les principales difficultés empiriques soulevées par notre démarche empirique, ainsi que nos méthodes pour les résoudre. Dans les chapitres 2 et 3, nous observons une grande disparité spatiale des niveaux de chômage en France. Nous observons une hétérogénéité spatiale à la fois des taux de chômage, mais aussi de ses fluctuations. Nous nous intéressons non seulement à des différentiels de taux de chômage, mais aussi à d'autres formes de disparités spatiales rencontrées sur le marché du travail. À ce titre, le chapitre 4 identifie des effets hétérogènes d'une politique active sur le marché du travail. Plus particulièrement, il identifie une hétérogénéité spatiale de l'amplitude des effets d'évictions de la politique
Are larger labor market more resilient? Evidence of the French army restructuring on exit from unemployment
Get PDFThis article explore how the relation between economic shocks and local unemployment can be mitigated by labor market size. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment by studying the economic impact of 357 local shocks both negative and positive generated by the reform and the restructuring of the French army. Exploiting a geo-referenced dataset of unemployment spell over an extensive period of time (2005-2014), we are able to measure the impact of these local shock on the rate at which unemployed workers find a job. To construct a credible counterfactual for each zone which experienced a closure, we use an interactive fixed effects model. We show that contractions in military personnel reduce the local likelihood of finding a job. Moreover, our results reveal some heterogeneity in the local economy's resilience. In line with our theoretical model, we show that city size is a relevant explanation for the observed heterogeneity in resilience: the likelihood of finding a job is less affected in denser area by a relative equal-sized shift in labor demand
Conflict displacement and technology adoption: evidence from agricultural households in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textNational audienceWe use the Bosnian Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) survey to show that conflict-induced displacement of agricultural households affects dramatically the adoption of new technologies in agriculture. We exploit the heterogeneity in the level of violence in the pre-war location to account for the selection bias. This instrumental variable seems to be a source of exogenous variation in our case because violence aims to ethnic cleansing, without economic consideration. We find that displaced are less likely than stayers to adopt fertilizer. However, we find out that under-adoption may be mitigated by the access to the property of the displaced
Do agglomeration economies are lower for polluting sectors?
No full textThis article explore how the relation between productivity and local city-size can be mitigated by pollution. More specifically, we estimate agglomeration economies considering a new source of heterogeneity among industries: the degree of pollution. Due to pollution perception acting as a dispersion force, we expect net agglomeration economies to be lower for polluting firms. In fact, polluting firms may anticipate that households and other firms are reluctant to locate near sources of pollution. In this paper, we exploit spatial data on sectoral emissions for a large number of air pollutants. We define a continuous variable of pollution that varies across sectors and employment zones. Our finding are twofold. First we find that agglomeration economies are lower for polluting sectors. Second we find that negative agglomeration are observed for some key pollutant such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead or sulfur dioxide
Forced Displacement and Technology Adoption: an Empirical Analysis based on Agricultural Households in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textWe use the Bosnian Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) survey to show that conflict-induced displacement of agricultural households affects dramatically the adoption of new technologies in agriculture. We exploit the heterogeneity in the level of violence in the pre-war location to account for the selection bias. This natural experiment seems to be a source of exogenous variation in our case because violence aims to ethnic cleansing, without economic consideration. We find that displaced are less likely than stayers to adopt fertilizer and pesticide
Conflict displacement and technology adoption: evidence on agricultural households in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textNational audienceThis study deals with the literature about the impact of conflict-induced displacement. The aim of this paper is to study the link between conflict-induced displacement and under adoption of agricultural technologies. We exploit data from Bosnian household survey for year 2001. To account for endogeneity in the displacement status, we exploit the heterogeneity of the level of violence in the pre-war location. This level likely affected the displacement decision is disconnected from economic performance. We find evidence that displaced household are less likely to adopt fertilizer relative to stayers. Land tenure issue for displaced people in Bosnia are the most plausible candidates to explain under adoption. Finally, we draw some implications to guide design of political economy
City size and the risk of being unemployed. Job pooling vs. job competition
No full textWe study the relationship between city size and the risk of being unemployed. We introduce a new mechanism, job pooling, as a source of agglomeration economies in a model of risk sharing with an imperfect labor market and risk-neutral agents. Despite competition across workers for jobs in the largest cities (job competition), workers tend to be located in large cities because tight labor markets yield income gains from the sharing of firms among workers that do not know ex ante the negotiated wage rates (job pooling). The covariance between the probability of being unemployed and firm-specific wage shocks decreases with the number of workers. This explains why larger cities exhibit a higher unemployment rate on average and weaker fluctuations. From French data, we find that the positive covariance between the unemployment rate and local wages decreases with city size. We also show that moving from an area in the first quartile of density to the last quartile translates into an increase in unemployment of 14%. In contrast, the elasticity of unemployment fluctuations with respect to employment density is negative: moving from an area in the first quartile of density to the last quartile translates to a decrease in our unemployment fluctuation index of 25%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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