133 research outputs found
Glacier : guided locally constrained counterfactual explanations for time series classification
No full textIn machine learning applications, there is a need to obtain predictive models of high performance and, most importantly, to allow end-users and practitioners to understand and act on their predictions. One way to obtain such understanding is via counterfactuals, that provide sample-based explanations in the form of recommendations on which features need to be modified from a test example so that the classification outcome of a given classifier changes from an undesired outcome to a desired one. This paper focuses on the domain of time series classification, more specifically, on defining counterfactual explanations for univariate time series. We propose Glacier, a model-agnostic method for generating locally-constrained counterfactual explanations for time series classification using gradient search either on the original space or on a latent space that is learned through an auto-encoder. An additional flexibility of our method is the inclusion of constraints on the counterfactual generation process that favour applying changes to particular time series points or segments while discouraging changing others. The main purpose of these constraints is to ensure more reliable counterfactuals, while increasing the efficiency of the counterfactual generation process. Two particular types of constraints are considered, i.e., example-specific constraints and global constraints. We conduct extensive experiments on 40 datasets from the UCR archive, comparing different instantiations of Glacier against three competitors. Our findings suggest that Glacier outperforms the three competitors in terms of two common metrics for counterfactuals, i.e., proximity and compactness. Moreover, Glacier obtains comparable counterfactual validity compared to the best of the three competitors. Finally, when comparing the unconstrained variant of Glacier to the constraint-based variants, we conclude that the inclusion of example-specific and global constraints yields a good performance while demonstrating the trade-off between the different metrics. © The Author(s) 2024.This work was funded in part by the Digital Futures cross-disciplinary research centre in Sweden, and the EXTREMUM collaborative project ( https://datascience.dsv.su.se/projects/extremum.html ).</p
isaksamsten/wildboar: wildboar
No full textwildboar is a fast package for time series classification with Python
The package can be installed from PyPi
pip install wildboa
Who Brings Which Peace?
No full textThis study examines the effect of biased versus neutral mediation on the content of peace agreements. The author argues that neutral mediators, who are engaged primarily because of their interest to end the war, will have incentives to hasten the reaching of an agreement to the expense of its quality. By contrast, biased mediators, seeking to protect their protégés, will take care to ensure that there are stipulations in an agreement guaranteeing the interest of their side or use their particular access and leverage to make their side agree to costly concessions. Biased mediation processes are therefore more likely than neutral mediation processes to lead to elaborated institutional arrangements that are generally considered conducive to democracy and durable peace, such as power sharing, third-party security guarantees, and justice provisions. Empirical analysis, covering the 1989-2004 period and building on data from 124 peace agreements, supports these claims.</p
Messages of the prophets
No full text"Jedan čovek iz naroda napisao je brošuru u stihovima, u kojoj je izneo svoju ljubav prema Svetom Pismu i prorocima, kao i svoje veliko oduševljenje za cionizam i budućnost jevrejskog naroda u Palestini. Kako ova brošura može da doprinese jačanju svesti za verske i nacionalne ideale našeg življa, to se njena lektira najlepše preporučuje našim građanima". Ovo su reči o knjizi i njenom autoru, izrečene od strane Vrhovnog rabina Kraljevine Jugoslavije dr Isaka Alkalaja."A man from the people wrote a brochure in verse, in which he expressed his love for the Holy Scripture and the prophets, as well as his great enthusiasm for Zionism and the future of the Jewish people in Palestine. Considering how this brochure can contribute to strengthening awareness of the religious and national ideals of our community, its reading is most warmly recommended to our citizens." These are words about the book and its author, spoken by the Chief Rabbi of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Dr Isak Alkalaj
Assessment of double materiality
No full textSustainability reporting standards, e.g. the Global Reporting Initiative, require a broader definition of materiality than is traditionally used in financial reporting. Double materiality expands the material information concept to include information about companies' environmental and social impact relevant to society at large. A problem for reporting companies as well as auditors (even though accounting firms invest resources in establishing themselves as reliable service providers) is that the assessment of double materiality is uncertain. The chapter utilises machine learning methods to suggest a method to determine double materiality in sustainability reporting by examining what type of information can predict environmental issues resulting from companies' operations. It represents a proposal to use a structured and quantitative approach for sustainability auditors to determine double materiality, thereby potentially facilitating sustainability reporting and assurance in accordance with future regulation.</p
Portraits, sketches, and the décor: poems
No full textZbirka pesama "Portreti, skice i dekori" predstavlja kolaž od jedanaest pesama. Isak Nahmijas kroz ove pesme spaja lirski izraz i vizuelnu imaginaciju u intiman, meditativan prostor. Kroz kratke zapise i skice karaktera autor u malim trenucima pronalazi duboka značenja, otkrivajući slojeve identiteta i sećanja. Knjižica je sažet, ali sugestivan doprinos savremenoj jevrejskoj i regionalnoj književnoj tradiciji.The poetry collection "Portraits, Sketches, and the Décor: poems" consists of eleven poems. Isak Nahmijas' works combine lyrical expression and visual imagination, creating an intimate, reflective space. In brief notes and character sketches, the author reveals deep meanings within small moments, revealing layers of identity and memory. The booklet makes a brief but evocative contribution to the contemporary Jewish and regional literature traditions.Na poleđini naslovne strane. "Ova je knjiga štampana u 540 primeraka od kojih 500 na običnoj hartiji a 40 numerisanih i od autora potpisanih na „Federleicht" hartiji, i to od 1 do 25 u prodaji a od 25 do 40 izvan prodaje"
Code quality assessment using transformers
No full textAutomatically evaluate the correctness of programming assignments is rather
straightforward using unit and integration tests. However, programming tasks
can be solved in multiple ways, many of which, although correct, are inelegant.
For instance, excessive branching, poor naming or repetitiveness make the code
hard to understand and maintain. These subjective qualities of code are hard to
automatically assess using current techniques. In this work we investigate the
use of CodeBERT to automatically assign quality score to Java code. We
experiment with different models and training paradigms. We explore the
accuracy of the models on a novel dataset for code quality assessment. Finally,
we assess the quality of the predictions using saliency maps. We find that code
quality to some extent is predictable and that transformer based models using
task adapted pre-training can solve the task more efficiently than other
techniques
Surveillance of communicable diseases using social media: A systematic review
No full textBackground Communicable diseases pose a severe threat to public health and economic growth. The traditional methods that are used for public health surveillance, however, involve many drawbacks, such as being labor intensive to operate and resulting in a lag between data collection and reporting. To effectively address the limitations of these traditional methods and to mitigate the adverse effects of these diseases, a proactive and real-time public health surveillance system is needed. Previous studies have indicated the usefulness of performing text mining on social media. Objective To conduct a systematic review of the literature that used textual content published to social media for the purpose of the surveillance and prediction of communicable diseases.MethodologyBroad search queries were formulated and performed in four databases. Both journal articles and conference materials were included. The quality of the studies, operationalized as reliability and validity, was assessed. This qualitative systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Twenty-three publications were included in this systematic review. All studies reported positive results for using textual social media content to surveille communicable diseases. Most studies used Twitter as a source for these data. Influenza was studied most frequently, while other communicable diseases received far less attention. Journal articles had a higher quality (reliability and validity) than conference papers. However, studies often failed to provide important information about procedures and implementation. Conclusion Text mining of health-related content published on social media can serve as a novel and powerful tool for the automated, real-time, and remote monitoring of public health and for the surveillance and prediction of communicable diseases in particular. This tool can address limitations related to traditional surveillance methods, and it has the potential to supplement traditional methods for public health surveillance.Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-03-07 (joosat);Licens fulltext: CC BY License</p
"You Cannot Keep Me": The Shakespearean Artist in Three of Isak Dinesen's Tales
No full textIsak Dinesen’s tale “Tempests” and her collection Winter’s Tales pluralize the titles of The
Tempest and The Winter’s Tale, respectively, but few critics have discussed the author’s
engagement with Shakespeare at length. Both of Dinesen’s source texts thematize the
relationship between art and life, and, in this paper, I consider how “Tempests,” “The Young Man
with the Carnation,” and “A Consolatory Tale” adapt Shakespeare’s dramatic presentation of this
topic into narrative form. “Tempests,” I argue, reintroduces the tension between artistic
production and personal relationships which artists perceive in The Tempest, yet Dinesen adds
her own insight that reflection on this tension can generate new art. I then track hints of both this
tension and Dinesen’s insight in her earlier tales “The Young Man with the Carnation” and “A
Consolatory Tale.” These tales add nuance to her presentation of art and life in “Tempests,” I
note, by depicting the unification of artistic production and personal relationships in a more
compelling way. Along the same lines, and drawing upon Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale, these
works indicate that art has value because it can reflect its audience’s sense of their current
situation, transform familiar stories, and surprise us in a quasi-supernatural way. I conclude by
suggesting that “A Consolatory Tale” takes these points even further by presenting a related
source of art’s value that Shakespeare’s play does not make explicit: art’s ability to create
sympathy between author and reader
ANALISA PENERAPAN PSAK 106 DAN ISAK 120 DALAM PENILAIAN CADANGAN MINERAL DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP LAPORAN KEUANGAN
No full textPenelitian ini membahas tentang analisa penerapan PSAK No 106 dan ISAK No 120 dalam
penilaian cadangan mineral dan pengaruhnya terhadap laporan keuangan PT Indo
Tambangraya Megah Tbk yang merupakan tambang batubara di Indonesia sejak tahun 1987.
memiliki izin pengelolaan atas beberapa area tambang yang terbagi dalam berbagai tahapan
tambang, baik tahap pengembangan, produksi, dan penutupan. Analisa dilakukan pada
laporan keuangan, catatan atas laporan keuangan, laporan tahunan dan wawancara dari
manajemen Perusahaan. Hasil peneilitian ini adalah Perusahaan telah sesuai melakukan
pencatatan atas biaya terkait eksplorasi dan pengembangan serta biaya eksplorasi dan
pengembangan yang ditangguhkan sesuai dengan PSAK No 106 dan ISAK No 120. Akan
tetapi, penulis menemukan masih banyak terdapat area yang ditentukan oleh kebijakan
akuntansi Perusahaan yang dapat menyebabkan inkonsistensi dalam penerapan standar ini.
This research discusses the analysis of the implementation of PSAK No. 106 and ISAK No.
120 in the valuation of mineral reserves and its impact on the financial statements of PT Indo
Tambangraya Megah Tbk, a coal mining company in Indonesia since 1987. The company has
management permits for several mining areas that are divided into various stages:
development, production, and closure. The analysis was conducted on the financial
statements, notes to the financial statements, annual reports, and interviews with the
company's management. The results of this research indicate that the company has
appropriately recorded costs related to exploration and development, as well as deferred
exploration and development costs, in accordance with PSAK No. 106 and ISAK No. 120.
However, the author found that there are still many areas determined by the company's
accounting policies that could lead to inconsistencies in the application of these standards
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