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The role of Jewish women in the preservation of Judaism
No full textU jevejskim zajednicama na Balkanu, žene su bile glavne nositeljke svakodnevne religiozne prakse, naročito u sekularizovanim porodicama. Istorijski, često su bile „poslednja linija očuvanja“ npr. za vreme progona u srednjem veku, Holokausta u 20. veku i života u socijalističkim i sekularnim državama (uključujući Jugoslaviju). Ta uloga se bazirala na činjenicama da se jevrejski identitet prenosi po majci (halahički princip), dom je mala sinagoga (mikdaš me’at), a žena je njegov centralni akter, kao i da žene ispunjavaju tri ženske micve (zapovesti), paljenje šabatnih sveća kao unošenje svetlosti i mira, brige za prehrambenu svetost i brige za porodičnu čistoću (nida) kroz ciklus vremena, tela i svetosti.In Jewish communities in the Balkans, women have historically played a crucial role in daily religious practices, especially in secularised families. They were often viewed as the "last line of preserving" during difficult periods, including the persecutions of the Middle Ages; the Holocaust in the 20th century; and under socialist and secular regimes, such as in Yugoslavia. This important role stems from a few key factors: Jewish identity is passed down through the mother (as per halachic principles), the home acts as a small synagogue (mikdash me'at), and women are central figures within it. Additionally, women fulfil three essential mitzvahs (commandments): lighting Shabbat candles to bring light and peace, ensuring the sanctity of food, and maintaining family purity (nida) through cycles of time, body, and sanctity.Prezentacija i predavanje održani 07.03.2026. na seminaru „Šorašim“ na Zlatiboru (the presentation and lecture were held on March 7, 2026, at the "Šorašim" seminar in Zlatibor)
Texts about the Poljokan family from Banja Luka
No full textPod naslovom "Tekstovi o banjalučkoj porodici Poljokan" donosimo šest priloga-članaka objavljenih između 2019 i 2024 godine, koji govore o poznatoj jevrejskoj porodici Poljokan iz Banja Luke. Prilozi o njima dati su kroz šest (6) tekstova objavljenih na sajtovima: Impuls, Gradski magazin Banja Luka, Banjaluka.com, SrpskaInfo, Društvena istorija Banjaluke i BL Portal. U njima se govori o dolasku ove porodice u grad, njihovim zanimanjima, njihovoj imovini, nažalost i kriminalnom ubistvu porodice - Salamona, Micike i njihovog sina Rafaela, stradanju ostatka porodice u Drugom svetskom ratu i konačno parku koji i danas nosi ime po njima, jer se nalazi na placu koji je pripadao ovoj poznatoj jevrejskoj porodici.Under the title "Texts about the Poljokan family from Banja Luka", we present six contributions: articles about the well-known Jewish Poljokan family of Banja Luka. From 2019 to 2024, six texts were published on Impuls, Gradski magazin Banja Luka, Banjaluka.com, SrpskaInfo, Društvena istorija Banjaluke, and BL Portal. They talk about the family's arrival in the city, their occupations, their property, and, tragically, the criminal murders of family members Salamon, Micika, and their son Rafael, as well as the fate of the remaining family during WWII. Finally, they mention the park that still bears their name, which is located on land once owned by this prominent Jewish family.Uz naslov svakog pojedinačnog članka naveden je originalni link (each article's title includes a link to the relevant page)
The story of Jared Kushner, America's most famous son-in-law
No full textNjegova [Kušnerova] supruga, Ivanka Tramp, pre braka je prešla na judaizam, nakon čega zajedno vode jevrejski porodični život. Džared Kušner (Jared Kushner), za koga je srpska javnost čula kada je njegova kompanija nameravala da podigne hotel na mestu zgrade „Generalštaba“, potiče iz ugledne i bogate američke aškenaske jevrejske porodice. Njegovi baka i deka po očevoj liniji emigrirali su u SAD početkom 20. veka, bežeći od antisemitizma i pogroma u Istočnoj Evropi, iz oblasti koje su krajem 19. i početkom 20. veka bile deo Ruskog carstva, a danas su deo Belorusije i istočne Poljske. Antisemitizam i migracija krajem 19. i početkom 20. veka obeleženi su porastom institucionalnog antisemitizma, periodičnim pogromima, pravnim restrikcijama, npr. kao Jevreji Kušnerovi preci nisu imali pravo da poseduju zemlje ni pristup državnoj službi. Ovi uslovi su direktno podstakli emigraciju u SAD, u okviru šireg talasa istočnoevropskih Jevreja (1880-1924). Kušnerovi preci napuštaju Evropu pre Holokausta, ali iz istog civilizacijskog straha koji će se kasnije potvrditi genocidom. Iako porodica nije bila nužno direktno pogođena Holokaustom, memorija progona je integralni deo porodičnog identiteta. Kušnerovo poreklo nije samo etničko ili versko, već ima i političko-kulturnu dimenziju, npr. iskustvo jevrejske dijaspore, sećanje na Holokaust, i snažna identifikacija sa Izraelom značajno su oblikovali njegov svetonazor i političke stavove, naročito tokom njegove uloge savetnika u administraciji Donalda Trampa, uključujući angažman oko tzv. Abrahamovih sporazuma.Jared Kushner's wife, Ivanka Trump, converted to Judaism before their marriage, and together they have led a Jewish family life. Kushner, who gained public attention in Serbia when his company proposed building a hotel on the site of the "General Staff" building, comes from a prominent and wealthy Ashkenazi Jewish family in America. His paternal grandparents immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, fleeing anti-Semitism and pogroms in Eastern Europe, specifically from regions that were part of the Russian Empire during that time and are now located in Belarus and Eastern Poland. The late 19th and early 20th centuries were marked by rising institutional anti-Semitism, periodic pogroms, and legal restrictions that prevented Jews from owning land or accessing civil service jobs. These harsh conditions encouraged many Eastern European Jews to emigrate to the United States during a significant wave of migration from 1880 to 1924. Although Kushner's ancestors left Europe before the Holocaust, they did so out of a deep-seated fear of persecution, a fear that was later validated by genocide. While his family may not have been directly affected by the Holocaust, the memory of persecution remains a crucial aspect of their identity. Kushner’s heritage encompasses not only ethnic and religious elements but also a political and cultural dimension. This includes the experiences of the Jewish diaspora, the memory of the Holocaust, and a strong identification with Israel. These factors significantly influenced his worldview and political views, particularly during his tenure as an advisor in the Donald Trump administration, where he was involved in discussions around the so-called Abrahamic agreements.Tekst objavljen u dnevnom listu “Danas”, u rubrici “Lični stavovi”, 1. februara 2026. (the text was published in the "Danas" daily newspaper in the "Personal views" column on February 1, 2026). Link: [https://www.danas.rs/dijalog/licni-stavovi/prica-o-dzaredu-kusneru-najpoznatiji-americki-zet/
Antisemitism is not an opinion
No full textKada se previđa aktuelna ekspanzija antisemitizma otvara se put ka njegovoj normalizaciji a ljudski rod rizikuje da ponovi istorijsku grešku tridesetih godina dvadesetog veka umanjivanja pretnje koju on nosi. Jer antisemitizam nije „mišljenje“, već ozbiljna povreda prava i uloga i međunarodnog i unutrašnjeg prava je da tu povredu kao takvu jasno definiše. Istoričar Robert Solomon Vistrih (Robert Solomon Wistrich) svojevremeno je zaključio da je antisemitizam „najduža istorijska mržnja“ kojom je bila zaražena gotovo svaka kultura, od antičkih vremena do danas. „On je doveo do Holokausta – jedinstvenog i najtežeg zločina u istoriji čovečanstva – kome nema oproštaja, utehe ili nadoknade“, a kojem su prethodili milenijumi pogroma, proterivanja, šikaniranja i diskriminacije Jevreja širom sveta. Daleko od toga da je iskorenjen, antisemitizam je danas u porastu u Evropi. Iskazuje se u različitim oblicima i, u manjoj ili većoj meri, prisutan je u svim evropskim državama, pa i u Srbiji.The current expansion of anti-Semitism cannot be overlooked, as doing so paves the way for its normalisation. This poses a grave risk of the human race repeating the historical mistake of the 1930s when the threat was downplayed. Anti-Semitism is not merely an "opinion"; it constitutes a serious violation of both international and domestic law. It is essential to clearly define such violations. Historian Robert Solomon Wistrich concluded that anti-Semitism is the "longest historical hatred", affecting nearly every culture from ancient times to the present. This prejudice led to the Holocaust - the most heinous crime in human history - an atrocity for which there is no forgiveness, consolation, or reparation. Centuries of pogroms, expulsions, harassment, and discrimination against Jews worldwide precede this history. Anti-Semitism is currently on the rise in Europe, far from its eradication. It manifests in various forms and, to varying degrees, is present in all European countries, including Serbia.Tekst objavljen u dnevnom listu “Danas”, u rubrici “Lični stavovi”, 1. februara 2026. (the text was published in the "Danas" daily newspaper in the "Personal views" column on February 1, 2026). Link: [https://www.danas.rs/dijalog/licni-stavovi/antisemitizam-nije-misljenje/
Mother as the keeper of identity. The role of Jewish women in raising children
No full textU judaizmu se jevrejski identitet prenosi po majci. To daje simboličku i praktičnu težinu njenoj ulozi: ona je prva „čuvarica kontinuiteta“. Kroz svakodnevne rituale, jezik, hranu i običaje dete uči ko je pre nego što nauči šta je. Dom glavni prostor učenja, a majka njegova organizatorka ona uvodi dete u obeležavanje Šabata i praznika prenosi porodične priče i sećanja (uključujući traume poput progona ili Holokausta) uči osnovne moralne vrednosti: pravdu (cedek), brigu za druge, učenje kao vrednost samu po sebi.In Judaism, the mother plays a crucial symbolic and practical role as the primary "keeper of continuity", passing down Jewish identity. A child learns their identity primarily at home, where everyday rituals, language, food, and customs play a key role in this process. The mother organises the home as the main place of learning, introducing the child to Shabbat and holidays. She conveys family stories and memories, including historical traumas like persecution or the Holocaust, and instills basic moral values such as justice (tzedek), care for others, and the importance of learning.Prezentacija i predavanje održani 07.03.2026. na seminaru „Šorašim“ na Zlatiboru (the presentation and lecture were held on March 7, 2026, at the "Šorašim" seminar in Zlatibor)
L’écriture féminine [žensko pisanje] o Holokaustu: Hilda Dajč i Dijana Budisavljević
No full text“Two women, Hilda Dajč from Belgrade and Diana Budisavljević from Zagreb, one a Jewess and the other a non-Jewess, one victim and the other a saviour, share similar traumatic, intimate, and emotional experiences of the camps, seen as “the profoundest tragedy” in the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH). Describing their lives in the Semlin Judenlager and the infamous death camp of Jasenovac necessitates placing their writings at the two extremes of the array of Holocaust female manuscripts, including Diary of Anne Frank (1947), Etty Hillesum: An Interrupted Life and Letters from Westerbork (1981), Denik Helgy (2012), and The Journal of Helen Berr (Hélène Berr: Journal 1942-1944, 2008). On the one hand, Hilda Dajč is often referred to as “Serbian Anne Frank”, as her letters are seen as a shorter, minimalist version of Anne’s Diary while still retaining the intimacy, extensive range of feelings, and moments remembered and quoted as the most personal and essential experience of the Holocaust. On the other hand, Diana’s Diary stylistically echoes the writings of male survivors (Levi, Antelme, Amery, Wiesel, and the prose of Imre Kertész), supported by the facts and figures but without their philosophical reflection, explorations of trauma, and the experience of humiliation and suffering from the inside of the barbed wire…”„Dve žene, Hilda Dajč iz Beograda i Dijana Budisavljević iz Zagreba, jedna Jevrejka, a druga nejevrejka, jedna žrtva, a druga spasiteljka, dele slična traumatična, intimna i emocionalna iskustva logora, koji se smatraju „najdubljom tragedijom“ u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj (NDH). Opis njihovih života u Judenlageru na Semlinu i ozloglašenom logoru smrti Jasenovac zahteva da se njihovi spisi smeste na dva kraja niza ženskih rukopisa Holokausta, uključujući Dnevnik Ane Frank (1947), Eti Hilesum: Prekinuti život i Pisma iz Vesterborka (1981), Denik Helgi (2012) i Dnevnik Helen Ber (Elen Ber: Dnevnik 1942-1944, 2008). S jedne strane, Hilda Dajč se često naziva „srpskom Anom Frank“ jer se njena pisma vide kao kraća, minimalistička verzija Aninog dnevnik, koja pritom zadržava intimnost, širok spektar osećanja i trenutke koji se pamte i citiraju kao najličnije i najvažnije iskustvo Holokausta. S druge strane, Dijanin dnevnik stilski odjekuje spisima muških preživelih (Levi, Antelme, Ameri, Vizel, proza Imrea Kertesa), potkrepljenim činjenicama i brojkama, ali bez njihovog filozofskog razmišljanja, istraživanja traume i iskustva poniženja i patnje unutar bodljikave žice…
Anti-Semitism and racial stereotypes in the warden’s propaganda of occupied Belgrade (1941-1944)
No full textČlanak za cilj ima da analizira i predstavi antisemitsko i rasno propagandno delovanje Dragomira Jovanovića, upravnika Beograda i predsednika beogradske
opštine tokom nacističke okupacije u Drugom svetskom ratu. U fokusu su pre svega
njegovi javni istupi koji su uglavnom prenošeni preko novina i time sačuvani do
danas. U skladu sa tim, osnovni metod analize jeste analiza propagande, prevashodno štampe, ali i govora na radiju, prenošenih preko štampe. Teorijsko utemeljenje pružila je obimna literatura koja se bavi definicijom i analizom propagande. Kao finalni rezultat, u članku se daje ocena kako je izgledalo propagandno delovanje jednog istaknutog kolaboracionističkog funkcionera, kao i gde je bila njegova uloga u sveopštvoj propagandi Trećeg rajha.After the Third Reich’s victory over Yugoslavia, an entity under military rule was created called Occupied Serbia. In this predominantly Serbian ethnic area, various mechanisms of government were established, a significant part of which was composed of people of indigenous origin, who before the war had certain ties with Germany or pro-Nazi political affiliations. One such example is Dragomir Jovanović, who already in April 1941 took up the positions of mayor of Belgrade and president of the Belgrade municipality. He held these positions, with a short interruption, until the end of the occupation. During his wartime activities, Jovanović, in addition to administrative, organisational, and police functions, also developed a very visible propaganda activity. His ideology had already experienced a clearly visible radicalization in the public during 1941. Over time, Jovanović mainly relied on a propaganda system based on a hypothetical struggle between “good and evil”, clearly drawing positive and negative characters. He focused mainly on political opponents - communists (Bolsheviks), often attacking all Asian peoples. Also, Jews were the subject of his aggressive political statements, clearly demonstrating the anti-Semitism inherent in Nazi propaganda. In addition, another political opponent that Jovanović often attacked was Great Britain, also marked with very negative epithets
Exhibition historical documents from the late 19th and early 20th century from the Collection of diplomas and charters of the Jewish historical museum [catalog]
No full textIzložba istorijskih dokumenata s kraja 19. i početka 20. veka iz Zbirke povelja i diploma Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja u Beogradu, bila je postavljena u foajeu muzeja i trajala je od maja do decembra 2025. godine. Autori izložbe su Barbara Panić i Bojan Zorić. Izložbu je činilo 12 odabranih povelja i diploma, iz inače obimnije zbirke Muzeja. Pored ostalih, na izložbi su bile predstavljene: Diploma Srpsko-jevrejskog pevačkog društva dodeljena članici Sarini Albahari, Beograd, 1933. / Diploma Kluba oficira invalida i ratnika, bolesnih i osakaćenih dodeljena Jevrejskoj vjeroispovednoj opštini Stari Bečej u znak zahvalnosti radi podizanja Doma kluba oficira invalida, Beograd, 1937. / Ukaz o dodeli ordena Svetog Save IV stepena beogradskom trgovcu Lazaru Kalmiću od strane kralja Aleksandra I Karađorđevića, Beograd, 1930. / Povelja o upisu dr Alberta Vajsa u Zlatnu knjigu Jevrejskog narodnog fonda od strane Saveza jevrejskih opština Jugoslavije, u znak priznanja za velike zasluge stečene na dužnosti dugogodišnjeg predsednika Saveza, Jerusalim, 1954. / Obveznica Srpsko-jevrejske crkvene opštine Eškenaskog obreda na 1000 dinara za podizanje Opštinskog doma Srpsko-jevrejske crkvene opštine eškenaskog obreda u Beogradu, 1926. / itd. Ali posebno vredan i interesantan dokument bio je - Panegirik (pohvalni govor) štampan u Beogradu 1867. zlatotiskom na svili, na srpskom i hebrejskom jeziku, koji je beogradska jevrejska zajednica posvetila knezu Mihailu Obrenoviću povodom njegovog odlaska u Carigrad radi primanja sultanovog fermana kojim se Srbiji potrđuje preuzimanje uprave od Turske nad Beogradom, Smederovom, Šapcem, Kladovom i Užicem.The exhibition of historical documents from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century from the Collection of Charters and Diplomas of the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade was set up in the foyer of the museum and lasted from May to December 2025. The authors of the exhibition are Barbara Panić and Bojan Zorić. The exhibition consisted of 12 selected charters and diplomas from the museum's otherwise extensive collection. Among others, the following were presented at the exhibition: Certificate of the Serbian-Jewish Choral Society to its member Sarina Albahari, Belgrade, 1933. / Certificate of the Association of Disabled Officers and Soldiers, Sick and Crippled to the Jewish Community of Stari Bečej, Belgrade, 1937. / Decree on awarding of Order of St. Sava 4th Class to Belgrade merchant Lazar Kalmić issued by King Alexander I Karađorđević, Belgrade, 1930. / Jewish National Fund Golden Book Certificate to Dr. Albert Weiss by the Federation of Jewish Communities of Yugoslavia in recognition of the great merits acquired during his long-standing position as president of the Federation, Jerusalem, 1954. / Bearer bond of the Belgrade Ashkenazi Community on a sum of 1000 dinars for the construction of its building, 1926. / etc. But a particularly valuable and interesting document was Panegyric (eulogy), printed in Belgrade in 1867 in a gold foil technique on silk, in Serbian and Hebrew, which the Belgrade Jewish Community dedicated to Prince Mihailo Obrenović on the occasion of his departure to Constantinople to receive the Sultan's decree confirming Serbia's administrative takeover from Turkey over Belgrade, Smederevo, Šabac, Kladovo, and Užice.Izložba u Jevrejskom istorijskom muzeju u Beogradu trajala je od maja do decembra 2025. godine (the exhibition was held at the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade between May and December 2025).Zoom prezentaciju koja je održana o izložbi pogledati preko linka (the Zoom presentation about the exhibition can be viewed via the following link): [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtUrnrCLZM8
Urban structure of the victims in the Jasenovac concentration camp
No full textNa osnovu rezultata delimično revidiranog popisa „Žrtve rata 1941-1945“ rad pokriva do sada potpuno neobrađenu temu urbane strukture gubitaka civilnog stanovništva sa teritorije NDH. Posebna pažnja u radu posvećena je urbanoj strukturi gubitaka u sistemu logora Jasenovac, koja je komparativno prikazana u odnosu na urbanu strukturu ukupnih gubitaka. U radu su prikazane sličnosti i razlike u pretrpljenim gubicima pripadnika različitih nacionalnosti prema veličini naselja iz kojih su poticali, a sve je upoređeno sa predratnom urbanom strukturom stanovništva teritorije na kojoj je formirana NDH.Based on the results of the partially revised List "Victims of the War 1941-
1945", the paper covers the hitherto completely unexplored topic of the urban
structure of civilian losses from the territory of the NDH. In an extremely rural environment such as the NDH, most of the civilians who died (86.11%) came from settlements with up to five thousand inhabitants. The largest part of the civilians who
died in Jasenovac concentration camp (80.43%) also came from settlements where
up to five thousand inhabitants lived, which was 1.07 times less representation in
the losses than their participation in the population of the NDH (85.94%). Residents
of Zagreb and Sarajevo represented the largest victims of the Jasenovac camp
with 10.75 of the losses in the camp, as their representation in the losses was 2.26
times higher than their participation in the NDH population (4.75%). With that,
Jasenovac stood out as a place of suffering for the inhabitants of big cities, since the
losses of civilians from the two largest cities were realistically 2.42 times higher than
the losses of civilians who came from settlements with less than five thousand inhabitants. The role of Jasenovac in the destruction of civilians from settlements of different sizes was not equal. From all civilian victims from the two largest cities,
36.88% lost their lives in Jesenovac, while, on the other hand, only 22.91% of all
victims from settlements with less than five thousand inhabitants died in that camp.
Nine tenths of the Serbs and Roma who died in Jasenovac came from settlements of up to five thousand inhabitants, two-thirds of Croats and three-fifths of Muslims,
while only one-seventh of the victims were Jews. On the other hand, three-fifths of
the Jews, one-fifth of the Croats, and one-eighth of the Muslims who died in Jasenovac came from the two largest cities. Jews represented four-fifths of the losses of the civilians from the two largest cities, while Serbs accounted for three-quarters of the civilian losses from settlements of less than five thousand inhabitants.Web stranica časopisa "Istorija 20. veka" (the journal "History of the 20th Century" website) [https://istorija20veka.rs/home-page/
View from Toronto - Jahiel Kamhi: How are Jews living in Sarajevo during pro-Palestinian rallies
No full textLična opservacija autora teksta, na događaje u Bosni i Hercegovini – Sarajevu, kao refleksiju na rat u Gazi. Česti pro-palestinski protesti, jaki antiizraelski i antijevrejski stavovi u BiH i sarajevskoj javnosti, kako se odražavaju na autora lično. Rođeni Sarajlija, sa iskrenim osećanjem za rodni grad Sarajevo, Bosnu i Hercegovinu, ali i sa svesnim i emotivnim osećanjem svoga nacionalnog porekla. Tekst koji poziva na razumevanje i toleranciju.The author's personal reflection on the events in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo, as a response to the war in Gaza. Noticing frequent pro-Palestinian protests and strong anti-Israeli and anti-Jewish sentiments in BiH and Sarajevo, which have personally affected the author. He was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and he is deeply fond of his hometown. He is also emotionally and consciously aware of his national identity. The text promotes tolerance and understanding.Link ka tekstu objavljenom u "Oslobođenju" 20.08.2025.: [https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/pogled-iz-toronta-jahiel-kamhi-kako-zive-jevreji-u-sarajevu-u-vrijeme-propalestinskih-skupova-1069284/