15,914 research outputs found
Plastid Genotyping Reveals the Uniformity of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile-T Maize Cytoplasms
No full textCytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) lines in maize (Zea mays) have been classified by their response to specific restorer genes into three categories: cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T. A mitochondrial genome representing each of the CMS cytotypes has been sequenced, and male sterility in the cms-S and cms-T cytotypes is linked to chimeric mitochondrial genes. To identify markers for plastid genotyping, we sequenced the plastid genomes of three fertile maize lines (B37, B73, and A188) and the B37 cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T cytoplasmic substitution lines. We found that the plastid genomes of B37 and B73 lines are identical. Furthermore, the fertile and CMS plastid genomes are conserved, differing only by zero to three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions and by eight to 22 SNPs and 10 to 21 short insertions/deletions in noncoding regions. To gain insight into the origin and transmission of the cms-T trait, we identified three SNPs unique to the cms-T plastids and tested the three diagnostic SNPs in 27 cms-T lines, representing the HA, I, Q, RS, and T male-sterile cytoplasms. We report that each of the tested 27 cms-T group accessions have the same three diagnostic plastid SNPs, indicating a single origin and maternal cotransmission of the cms-T mitochondria and plastids to the seed progeny. Our data exclude exceptional pollen transmission of organelles or multiple horizontal gene transfer events as the source of the mitochondrial urf13-T (unidentified reading frame encoding 13-kD cms-T protein) gene in the cms-T cytoplasms. Plastid genotyping enables a reassessment of the evolutionary relationships of cytoplasms in cultivated maize.Peer reviewe
sj-docx-1-pal-10.1177_08258597231170836 - Supplemental material for Cancer Decedents’ Hospital End-of-Life Care Documentation: A Retrospective Review of Patient Records
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-pal-10.1177_08258597231170836 for Cancer Decedents’ Hospital End-of-Life Care Documentation: A Retrospective Review of Patient Records by L. Russell, R. Howard, M. Street, C. E. Johnson, D. Berry, E. Flemming-Judge, S. Brean, L. William and J. Considine in Journal of Palliative Care</p
Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis on Chrom Agar and Pal's Agar
No full textDifference in expression of putative virulence factors and in
antifungal susceptibility among different Candida species has raised
the need for species-level identification. The close relationship of
Candida dubliniensis with C. albicans has led to misidentification
of C. dubliniensis isolates as C. albicans . Phenotypic tests include
ability to produce chlamydospore on casein agar, colony colour
development on differential media CHROM agar Candida medium and
ability to form hyphal fringe on Pal′s agar, have been used to
differentiate these two Candida species. Fifty isolates of Candida
species were recovered from various specimens (blood, urine, tissue and
respiratory secretions) from diabetic and cancer patients between April
and July 2007. The isolates were tested for chlamydospore production on
casein agar. These were also streaked simultaneously on CHROM agar,
Pal′s agar and a combination of CHROM agar supplemented with
Pal′s agar for identification and differentiation of C.
dubliniensis from C. albicans . On CHROM agar, 19 isolates were
identified as C. dubliniensis , nine as C. albicans , 10 as C.
krusei , nine as C. tropicalis and two as C. glabrata . One was
indeterminate and later identified as C. dubliniensis . Out of the 20
C. dubliniensis isolates, 19 isolates exhibited hyphal fringe on
Pal′s agar. On CHROM agar supplemented with Pal′s agar, 16
out of the 19 fringe-positive isolates exhibited fringe surrounding the
bluish green-coloured colonies of C. dubliniensis . Additional
identification tests like growth at 45oC and ability to reduce
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride were time efficient, inexpensive
and easy-to-use methods for differentiation of C. dubliniensis and C.
albicans isolates. CHROM agar when supplemented with Pal′s agar
gave definitive identification between C. dubliniensis and C.
albicans
Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis on Chrom Agar and Pal's Agar
No full textDifference in expression of putative virulence factors and in
antifungal susceptibility among different Candida species has raised
the need for species-level identification. The close relationship of
Candida dubliniensis with C. albicans has led to misidentification
of C. dubliniensis isolates as C. albicans . Phenotypic tests include
ability to produce chlamydospore on casein agar, colony colour
development on differential media CHROM agar Candida medium and
ability to form hyphal fringe on Pal′s agar, have been used to
differentiate these two Candida species. Fifty isolates of Candida
species were recovered from various specimens (blood, urine, tissue and
respiratory secretions) from diabetic and cancer patients between April
and July 2007. The isolates were tested for chlamydospore production on
casein agar. These were also streaked simultaneously on CHROM agar,
Pal′s agar and a combination of CHROM agar supplemented with
Pal′s agar for identification and differentiation of C.
dubliniensis from C. albicans . On CHROM agar, 19 isolates were
identified as C. dubliniensis , nine as C. albicans , 10 as C.
krusei , nine as C. tropicalis and two as C. glabrata . One was
indeterminate and later identified as C. dubliniensis . Out of the 20
C. dubliniensis isolates, 19 isolates exhibited hyphal fringe on
Pal′s agar. On CHROM agar supplemented with Pal′s agar, 16
out of the 19 fringe-positive isolates exhibited fringe surrounding the
bluish green-coloured colonies of C. dubliniensis . Additional
identification tests like growth at 45oC and ability to reduce
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride were time efficient, inexpensive
and easy-to-use methods for differentiation of C. dubliniensis and C.
albicans isolates. CHROM agar when supplemented with Pal′s agar
gave definitive identification between C. dubliniensis and C.
albicans
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Using IT Support to improve the quality of Peer Assisted Learning
No full textPeer assisted learning (PAL) is one way to increase the empowerment of students through their learning practices and, hence, enhance their learning journey. PAL involves students mentoring groups of academically less experienced students; develops the quality and diversity of student learning, and enables students to become active partners in their learning experience. PAL supports student transition into higher education and there is evidence that it can aid retention in the early weeks of degree study. Retention is becoming a key issue for universities and one of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of quality education under the strategy for higher education set out by the current government.
The PAL³ project is funded by Learn Higher and is an on going project investigating the use of IT support to improve the quality of Peer Assisted Learning. The project has set up a learning environment for students, and a knowledge base for PAL student mentors and PAL and other academic staff.
This paper reports on initial findings from the project which can be divided into two strands. Firstly, the compilation of a staff knowledge base has highlighted the fact that PAL is known by different names and has different meanings in different places. We provide an initial classification. Secondly, the PAL student environment, which has been implemented and used by the student cohort and their PAL student mentors, has highlighted issues that were not envisaged at the beginning of the study and this has implications for future work
Prompt charm production in pp collisions at √<span style="text-decoration:overline">s</span>=7 TeV
No full textCharm production at the LHC in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector. The decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, D⁎+→D0(K−π+)π+, D+s→ϕ(K−K+)π+, Λ+c→pK−π+, and their charge conjugates are analysed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 nb−1. Differential cross-sections dσ/dpT are measured for prompt production of the five charmed hadron species in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity in the region 0<pT<8 GeV/c and 2.0<y<4.5. Theoretical predictions are compared to the measured differential cross-sections. The integrated cross-sections of the charm hadrons are computed in the above pT-y range, and their ratios are reported. A combination of the five integrated cross-section measurements gives
σ(cc¯)pT<8 GeV/c,2.0<y<4.5=1419±12(stat)±116(syst)±65(frag) μb,
where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the fragmentation functions
Masterguide to Maity & Ghosh's integral calculus including differential equations
No full textPenned with utmost care for the undergraduate students of Mathematics of all major universities, this book can be treated as a remarkable combination of erudite scholarship and educational utility. Now Dr K C Pal, the author, known for his unique and student-friendly teaching methods, has come up with this invaluable text as a long-awaited extension of the original book
PAL activities in asparagus spears during storage after ammonium sulfate treatments
No full textLignification reduces the edible part of asparagus spears resulting in quality loss. Postharvest conditions such as low temperatures induce lignin accumulation. The aim of this study was to inhibit the lignification in asparagus spears by affecting activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoids pathway. Spears were pulse treated with 0.5, 2 or 4 mmol L−1 ammonium sulfate, 2 mmol L−1 aminooxy acetic acid (AOA), and distilled water (control). PAL enzyme activity, total phenolic content, lignin content, antioxidant capacity, spear firmness, weight loss, and elongation were measured. PAL activity was reduced by ammonium sulfate, with 2 mmol L−1 being the most effective concentration. Total phenolic content was lower in spears treated with the higher concentrations of ammonium sulfate. Elongation was higher in AOA treated spears. Spear tip firmness was not affected by ammonium sulfate treatment, while it increased in the AOA treatment. Total antioxidant capacity was higher in all treatments until nine days of storage, but thereafter only 0.5 mmol L−1 ammonium sulfate was higher than the control. Ammonium sulfate showed promising results as a postharvest treatment for controlling PAL activities during storage
Measurement of the inclusive φ cross-section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV
No full textThe cross-section for inclusive φ meson production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV has been measured with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The differential cross-section is measured as a function of the φ transverse momentum pT and rapidity y in the region 0.6< pT <5.0 GeV/c and 2.44< y <4.06. The cross-section for inclusive φ production in this kinematic range is σ(pp→φX)=1758±19(stat) +43−14(syst)±182(scale) μb, where the first systematic uncertainty depends on the pT and y region and the second is related to the overall scale. Predictions based on the Pythia 6.4 generator underestimate the cross-section
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