4,838 research outputs found
Purifying the nation : the Arya Samaj in Gujarat 1895-1930
No full textThis article examines the impact of the Arya Samaj in Gujarat from 1895 to 1930. Although the founder of this body, Dayanand Saraswati, was from Gujarat, it proved less popular there initially than in the Punjab. The first important Arya Samajists in Gujarat were Punjabis, brought there by Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda to carry out educational work amongst untouchables. The Arya Samaj only became a mass organisation in Gujarat after a wave of conversions to Christianity in central Gujarat by untouchables, with Arya Samajists starting orphanages to ‘save’ orphans from the clutches of the Christian missionaries. The movement then made considerable headway in Gujarat. The main followers were from the urban middle classes, higher farming castes, and gentry of the Koli caste. Each had their own reasons for embracing the organisation, ranging from a desire for higher social status, to religious reform, to building caste unity, and as a means, in the case of the Koli gentry, to ‘reconvert’ Kolis who had adopted Islam in medieval times. The movement lost its momentum after Gandhi arrived on the political scene, and many erstwhile Arya Samajists embraced the Gandhian movement. When the Gandhian movement itself flagged after 1922, there was an upsurge in communal antagonism in Gujarat in which Arya Samajists played a provocative role. A riot in Godhra in 1928 is examined.
Over the past decade, Gujarat has come to be seen as a hotbed of communalism, ruled by a state government that has connived at, and even encouraged, murderous attacks on Muslims and Christians. At the time of the notorious pogrom against Muslims of 2002, several observers commented on the irony that this should have occurred in the homeland of Gandhi, the great proponent of non-violence and Hindu-Muslim unity.1 They saw this as violating not only the memory of the Mahatma, but also the very history of this region – one known, it was said, for its spirit of tolerance and regard for the sacredness of all life. As Tridip Suhrud stated in anguish:
What has happened to the dialogic space that Gandhi nurtured? What has happened to the Jain ethos, which informed the structure of mercantile capitalism and from which Gandhi drew sustenance?2
Although these are questions that we should certainly ask, they project only one view of Gujarat and its history, for this is not an area that has escaped violence, bigotry and communal strife in the past. Communal tension between Hindus and Muslims, and even violence between the two, has a genealogy that stretches back well over a century; predating Gandhi’s arrival on the political scene in 1915.3
In this article, I shall examine an aspect of this history by focusing on the growth and development of the Arya Samaj in Gujarat between the years 1895 and 1930. It is not suggested that there was an inevitable progress from the doctrines and activities propagated by this body to the Hindu bigotry that dominates the political scene in modern Gujarat, for there were many countervailing forces at both a popular and elite level that might have produced a different trajectory.4 Also, many of the features of the modern manifestation of Hindutva were not present in the early decades of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, a way of thinking about the modern nation state and the place of Hindus and Hinduism within it became a part of the public culture of this region, and this could be deployed in new ways, and to new effect, in changing political circumstances.5
1 For example Panikkar, K. N. ‘The Agony of Gujarat,’ The Hindu, 19 March 2002; Suhrud, T. ‘Gujarat: No Room for Dialogue,’ Economic and Political Weekly, [Hereafter EPW], 37 (11), 16 March 2002, pp. 1011-12.
2 Ibid, p.1011.
3 To take one case, there was a long history of tension between Hindus and Muslims in Somnath in Kathiawad in the later nineteenth century that led to a fracas in 1892,
followed by a riot in which several died in 1893. See file on ‘Patan Riot: Hindus and Mussulmans Patan Commission, Part I,’ Oriental and India Office Collection, R/2/721/56; Krishnaswamy, S. ‘A Riot in Bombay, August 11, 1893: A Study in Hindu-Muslim Relations in Western India during the Late Nineteenth Century,’ unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago, 1966, pp. 76-90.
4 As pointed out for India as a whole by Fischer-Tiné, H., ‘Kindly Elders of the Hindu Biradri’: The Arya Samaj’s Struggle for Influence and its Effects on Hindu-Muslim Relations, 1800-1925,’ in Copley, A. (ed.), Gurus and their Followers: New Religious Reform Movements in India, New Delhi, 2000, pp.107-08.
5 In the ways alluded to for Bengal by Sarkar, S. ‘Intimations of Hindutva: Ideologies, Caste, and Class in Post-Swadeshi Bengal,’ in Sarkar, S. Beyond Nationalist Frames: Postmodernism, Hindu Fundamentalism, History, New Delhi, 2002, pp.81-95; and for the United Provinces by Gould, W. Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India, Cambridge 2004, p. 37
India -- 1962-73 -- OPV Production, International -- letter, 1967-04-08
No full textLetter from Arya, S. C. to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1967-04-08.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
Miliusa agasthyamalana V. S. A. Kumar & Sindhu Arya 2022, sp. nov.
No full textMiliusa agasthyamalana V.S.A. Kumar & Sindhu Arya, sp. nov. (Figs. 1,2) Type:— INDIA. Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram district, Athirumala, 8.970 N 77.30 E, 1200 m, 08 May 2020 (with flowers), Govind & VSA Kumar 590 (holotype UCBD; isotypes UCBD, KFRI). Diagnosis: — Miliusa agasthyamalana resembles M. wightiana Hooker & Thomson (1855: 285) with respect to solitary flowers, leaves with acuminate apex and ovate shape of the inner petal but is distinct with respect to the size of tree (small tree reaching a height of 9 m in M. agasthyamalana vs. medium sized tree reaching a height of 15 m in M. wightiana), shape of leaves (ovate to ovate lanceolate vs. elliptic-lanceolate), hairiness on secondary veins (glabrous vs. pubescent), length of pedicel (3.0– 5.5 mm vs. 1.5 –2.5 mm), sepals (Ovate or obovate with hair along margin vs. oblong and pubescent throughout.)inner petals (1.5–2.2cm fleshy, yellow with pink stripes or spots vs. 10–15 × 6–8 mm non-fleshy, greenish), staminal connectives (included vs. apiculate), number of carpels per flower (17–22 vs. 10–15) and shape of monocarps (dumbbell-shaped with round apex vs. pisiform with acute apex). The new species also shows resemblance to M. paithalmalayana Josekutty (2016: 287) reported from the Paithalamala range of Western Ghats with respect to the solitary flowers, included staminal connectives and linear carpels but is very distinct with respect to the inner petals (ovate, fleshy, yellow with pink stripes in M. agasthyamalana vs. elliptic to lanceolate, nonfleshy with purple color in M. paithalmalayana), sepals (ovate or obovate with hairs along margin vs. lanceolate, glabrous) number of carpels per flower (18–22 vs. 10–15), shape of monocarp (dumbbell shaped with round apex, green with purple spots vs. oblong, crimson red) Description: —Evergreen trees, 6–9 m high; bark brown, rough, branches terete, drooping, often spreading, young parts gloss, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous, 5.0–16.0 × 1.5–5.0 cm, ovate or ovate lanceolate, unequally rounded at base, wavy and slightly folded along margins, caudate-acuminate at apex, glabrous, subsessile or petiole to 1 mm long, terete, glabrous, black; lateral nerves 6–8 pairs, intramarginal nerves looping; tertiary nerves inconspicuous, nervules obscure, Flowers solitary, pseudo-terminal (slightly above and opposite the terminal leaf) yellowish-pink; pedicels 3.5–5.5 cm long, glabrous, glossy, yellowish to light green; bracts 2, ovate-triangular, acute, ca 0.5 mm long, hairy outside; sepals 3, ca 1.0 × 1.2 mm, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, adaxial side glabrous in the middle, pubescent along margin; outer petals 3, ovate or obovate, apex acute, hairy along margins, slightly curved inwards, ca 3.0 × 3.5 mm; inner petals 3, ovate or obovate, 1–1.4 × 0.8–1.0 cm, thick ca 1mm long, fleshy, glabrous, thickly hooded on the lower half, cohering when young along margins, yellow with pink streaks inside and pink spots outside; torus ovoid, long with white hairs; stamens 15–20, anthers ca 0.5 mm long, connective included; carpels 17–22, linear in outline, slightly curved, ca 1 mm long, glabrous; stigma obovate-acute, about half the height of the ovary, ovules 1 or 2. Fruiting stalk terete, glabrous, dark brown, 7–9 cm long; monocarps usually 8–15, each 1–1.2 × 1–1.5 cm across, more or less dumbbell-shaped, green with purple stripes. Seeds 1–2. Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting occur during April to July. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Agasthyamala Biosphere reserve in Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala, south India. Distribution and ecology:— Miliusa agasthyamalana is known only from the type locality, between 1000–1250 m elevations. It grows in the interior of the evergreen forest range of Athirumala, with a total of two individual only. Each individual is separated by a distance range of 1.5 km. The associated species include Garcinia imberti Bourdillion (1899: 349) (Clusiaceae) and Myristica beddomei King (1891: 327) (Myristicaceae).The type locality Athirumala forms the base station of Agasthyamala biosphere reserve that is rich with moist deciduous forest, semi evergreen forest, grassland, evergreen forest and at the end, large rock formations. It has a unique biodiversity and is noted for the presence of many endemic medicinal herbs. The high conservation value of the area relies on its rich biodiversity, geography and hydrology and hence protected as a biosphere reserve. Taxonomic notes:—The new species is similar to Miliusa campanulate Pierre (1881: 41) group (Chaowasku & Kessler 2013), based on the tightly appressed nature of the inner petals (Chaowasku & Kessler 2013) and Indian species to the Miliusa nilagirica group (Van Heusden 1992) in having recurved inner petals. Miliusa agasthyamalana shows similarity to Miliusa tirunelvelica Murugan, Manickam, Sundaresan & Jothi (2004: 102) with respect to 6–8 pairs of secondary veins in leaf and included connectives but is distinct with respect to many characters summarized in Table 1. Conservation status:— There is only a single population, with about 2 mature individuals, occupying an area of less than 2 km 2. The estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is 25 km 2 and the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is less than 2 km 2. The number of mature individuals is estimated to be two, when considering all the localities. Since these locations are inside a protected area, the likelihood of a decline due to anthropogenic activity is small. Nevertheless, we recommend that the species be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR) in the category [B2a, b(v)] (IUCN 2020). The area is well protected but chances of forest fires pose a high threat to this area. Selected specimen examined (paratypes):— INDIA. Kerala Thiruvananthapuram district, Athirumala 1110 m, 8.970 N 77.30 E, 25 May 2020 Govind 778 (UCBD), 30 June 2020, S . Arya & V. S. A. Kumar 790 (UCBD), 24 June 2021 S . Arya & V. S. A. Kumar 1226 (UCBD).Published as part of Arya, Sindhu & Kumar, Venugopalan Nair Saradamma Anil, 2022, Miliusa agasthyamalana (Annonaceae), a new species from southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 252-258 in Phytotaxa 552 (4) on pages 253-257, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/678581
A comparison of soil moisture characteristics predicted by the Arya-Paris model with laboratory-measured data
No full textSoil moisture characteristics predicted by the Arya-Paris model were compared with the laboratory measured data for 181 New Jersey soil horizons. For a number of soil horizons, the predicted and the measured moisture characteristic curves are almost coincident; for a large number of other horizons, despite some disparity, their shapes are strikingly similar. Uncertainties in the model input and laboratory measurement of the moisture characteristic are indicated, and recommendations for additional experimentation and testing are made
Lifestyle modification and hypertension prevention
No full textBACKGROUND: Hypertension, a clear risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, affects nearly one
billion people worldwide. Recent statistics have reported increasing mortality due to
hypertension which reveals the importance of prophylactic strategies in controlling blood
pressure. Lifestyle changes are one of the most effective ways to prevent and control
hypertension.
METHODS: This study was a comprehensive literature review performed through searches in
databases such as Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the
terms "lifestyle", "hypertension", "lifestyle modification", "risk factors for hypertension",
"nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension", and "dietary and activity factors".
RESULTS: Lifestyle factors such as dietary behaviors and physical activity are associated with
hypertension. Several studies have indicated direct and indirect associations between
overweight and increased risk of hypertension. Increased consumption of grains, fruits,
vegetables, and milk and reduced consumption of sodium, fat, and alcohol are effective in
preventing and controlling hypertension. In addition, some studies have reported a 35%
reduction in risk of developing hypertension among individuals who engage in regular physical
activity compared to sedentary people.
CONCLUSION: Since lifestyle- and diet-related factors are often modifiable, perceptions of
their effects have specific importance in hypertension prevention and treatment
Hölder continuity and Harnack estimate for non-homogeneous parabolic equations
No full textIn this paper we continue the study on intrinsic Harnack inequality for non-homogeneous parabolic equations in non-divergence form initiated by the first author in Arya (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 61:30–31, 2022). We establish a forward-in-time intrinsic Harnack inequality, which in particular implies the Hölder continuity of the solutions. We also provide a Harnack type estimate on global scale which quantifies the strong minimum principle. In the time-independent setting, this together with Arya (2022) provides an alternative proof of the generalized Harnack inequality proven by the second author in Julin (Arch Ration Mech Anal 216:673–702, 2015).peerReviewe
Pengukuran Kinerja Rantai Pasok Buku Dengan Metode Supply Chain Operation Reference (Scor) Pada Cv. Arya Duta
No full textCV. Arya Duta merupakan perusahaan yang bergererak di bidang penerbitan yang berskala nasional. Seluruh kompetensi, baik SDM yang handal maupun fasilitas infrastruktur yang dimilliki di dedikasikan untuk mewujudkan komitmen perusahaaan dalam memberikan total solusi yang terbaik dibidang percetakan kepada seluruh pelanggan sejak tahun 1998, Arya Duta terus berkembang pesat dalam industry penerbitan, hal ini terbukti dengan semakin banyaknya konsumen yang ditangani. CV. Arya Duta adalah perusahaan dengan kepemilikan tunggal, yang 100% sahamnya dimiliki oleh Bapak H. Mudjiyo.Perusahaan ini didirikan melalui Akta Pendirian Perusahaan oleh Pejabat Kantor Notaris Ny. Cynthia S. Siddharta M.SH, No.3 tanggal 12 Febuari 1998, Berlokasi di Depok, Jawa-Barat. Berbagai inovasi dan pengembangan produk dan pelayanan didunia penerbitan akan terus dilakukan oleh CV. Arya Duta untuk lebih menjembatani segala sesuatu kebutuhan pelanggan dan mengikuti perkembangan informasi terkini di lingkup dunia perbukuan di indonesia. Promosi dan penetrasi pasar yang senantiasa terus menerus dilakukan agar kepedulian terhadap perusahaan terus meningkat, sehingga dapat diiringi dengan semakin meningkatnya pertumbuhan pendapatan bagi CV. Arya Duta.
Arya Duta merupakan perusahaan yang bergererak di bidang penerbitan yang berskala nasional. Seluruh kompetensi, baik SDM yang handal maupun fasilitas infrastruktur yang dimilliki di dedikasikan untuk mewujudkan komitmen perusahaaan dalam memberikan total solusi yang terbaik dibidang percetakan kepada seluruh pelanggan sejak tahun 1998, CV. Arya Duta terus berkembang pesat dalam industry penerbitan, hal ini terbukti dengan semakin banyaknya konsumen yang ditangani. CV. Arya Duta adalah perusahaan dengan kepemilikan tunggal, yang 100% sahamnya dimiliki oleh Bapak H. Mudjiyo.Perusahaan ini didirikan melalui Akta Pendirian Perusahaan oleh Pejabat Kantor Notaris Ny. Cynthia S. Siddharta M.SH, No.3 tanggal 12 Febuari 1998, Berlokasi di Depok, Jawa-Barat. Berbagai inovasi dan pengembangan produk dan pelayanan didunia penerbitan akan terus dilakukan oleh CV. Arya Duta untuk lebih menjembatani segala sesuatu kebutuhan pelanggan dan mengikuti perkembangan informasi terkini di lingkup dunia perbukuan di indonesia. Promosi dan penetrasi pasar yang senantiasa terus menerus dilakukan agar kepedulian terhadap perusahaan terus meningkat, sehingga dapat diiringi dengan semakin meningkatnya pertumbuhan pendapatan bagi CV. Arya Duta
Wheat nitrogen deficiency and leaf rust image dataset
No full textCrop suffers from various biotic and abiotic stress which adversely affects yield. These stresses often produce visible symptoms particularly in leaves of cereal crops like wheat that can be captured in the form of images. An image-based diagnosis approach to such stress is necessary for precision agriculture. This dataset was collected by an RGB camera (Sony IMX363) from the wheat crop experiment conducted during the rabi season 2019-20 at the IARI field. It comprises two sub-datasets, of which one is nitrogen deficiency affected leaf dataset (abiotic stress) while the other is Leaf rust affected wheat leaf dataset (biotic stress). These leaf images were acquired at the booting stage of wheat crop. The corresponding healthy images of the wheat leaf under control conditions are also included in each of these sub-datasets. After the acquisition, the images were segmented from the background using otsu-based masking. This dataset entails a total of 300 images for control and nitrogen-deficient categories. The leaf rust dataset has a total of 368 and 491 diseased and control leaf images respectively. The folders are arranged in train, test, and validation sets with a split in the ratio of 70:15:15. This dataset is included to enable nitrogen deficiency and leaf rust detection using deep learning-based approach
Arya Stark, donzela-guerreira?
No full textThis article addresses in its content an analysis on the character Arya Stark of the literary work, the chronicles of Ice and Fire, of the author George R.R. Martin. For this, the study was directed by the study about gender (GALVÃO, 1998), namely, the understanding of the term damsel-warrior and its importance in relation to social issues pertinent to female experience, especially in the literary description. The purpose of analyzing the character is to establish a debate about the feminine 'image' in the work, through Arya and a comparison with the experience of the woman in the contemporary society, being, therefore, the theoretical concepts, through bibliographical revision On the ethos (AMOSSY, 2014, EGGS, 2014) and the enunciative scene (MAINGUENAU, 2014) help in the argumentative constitution for a better understanding of the discursive types that are in the social core historically and that reflect in the analyzed work. The result of the research, from the studies of the theoretical basis, was convergent to elucidation of the social constitution that the discourse has. Thus, it is relevant to note that understanding how discourses are defined and expressed through literature continues to reveal the barriers that result in occasional domains of groups over others.Este artigo aborda em seu conteúdo uma análise sobre a personagem Arya Stark da obra literária, As crônicas de Gelo e Fogo, do autor George R.R. Martin. Para tanto, o estudo foi direcionado pelo estudo a respeito de gênero (GALVÃO, 1998), a saber, sobre a compreensão do termo donzela-guerreira e de sua importância frente às questões sociais pertinentes a vivência feminina, sobretudo na tradição literária. O propósito de analisar a personagem é de estabelecer um debate a respeito da ‘imagem’ feminina na obra, por meio de Arya e de uma comparação com a vivência da mulher na sociedade contemporânea, sendo assim, os conceitos teóricos, por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre ethos (AMOSSY, 2014; EGGS, 2014) e da cena enunciativa (MAINGUENAU, 2014) auxiliam na constituição argumentativa para melhor compreensão dos tipos discursivos que estão no cerne social historicamente e que refletem na obra analisada. O resultado da pesquisa, a partir dos estudos da base teórica, foi convergente a elucidação da constituição social que o discurso tem frente à temática. Dessa forma, mostra-se relevante pontuar que compreender como os discursos são definidos e expressos através da literatura continua a revelar os entraves que resultam em ocasionais domínios de grupos sobre outros
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