Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Investigating the relationship between resiliency and abuse with elderly people in Ardabil in 2019
No full textBackground and Aim: Resilience is a concept that has been considered in geriatric research because it is associated with successful aging and a healthy quality of life and is important for overcoming problems. Abuse is a threat to the survival and quality of life of victims. Problems caused by elder abuse lead to vulnerability, dependence, and reduced flexibility and incompatibility with difficult and stressful life situations. Therefore, the ability of the individual to establish bio-psychological balance in difficult conditions is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and abuse in the elderly in Ardabil.
Methods: The above research is a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. The research samples were the elderly over 60 years old in Ardabil who were selected as a quota cluster. The questionnaire used in this study is three parts and includes the demographic information questionnaire, Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire and the elderly family abuse questionnaire. SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe the information and inferential statistics were used to determine the relationship between the variables.
Results: Out of 500 elderly participants in the study, most were male (51.6%) and in the age range of 60-69 years (54.6%), had 1-4 children (62%) and married (70.2%). In terms of education, the majority had primary education (49.2%) and were unemployed (51.4%). 54.4% had at least one chronic illness and were economically and administratively independent (64%). The mean and standard deviation of the elderly participating in this study was 83.10 ± 17.28 . 75.4% of the elderly participants in the study reported at least one type of abuse. The results of this study also showed that the elderly who were abused reported low resilience. And there is a relationship between resilience and abuse (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the elderly who have been abused have low resilience. Therefore, by timely identification of cases of abuse and prevention of this family social problem, as well as educational interventions and mental health promotion and policy in support programs can increase resilience and improve the quality of life of the elderly
Protective effect of ghrelin on histopathological alterations in renal tissue of mice treated with cyclophosphamide
No full textBackground and Objective: Cyclophosphamide is one of the common medications in chemotherapy and suppression of the immune system in organ transplantation. The clinical use of cyclophosphamide has been reduced due to its many side effects due to reproductive, hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity in patients and animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ghrelin against cyclophosphamide-induced damage to renal tissue.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two (2-month-old) male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control 2) cyclophosphamide (3) cyclophosphamide + ghrelin 4) ghrelin. Cyclophosphamide once a week (100 mg/kg) and ghrelin (80 μg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally daily for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, the kidneys were removed and after weighing, tissue alterations were examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Schiff periodic acid staining.
Results: Studies showed that cyclophosphamide significantly reduced body weight and kidney weight and also significantly increased tissue damage (p<0.05). Ghrelin treatment significantly improved the above parameters (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ghrelin can reduce the destructive effects of cyclophosphamide on renal tissue
Prevalence of elimination disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents
No full textPurpose: Currently, there is a paucity of studies on the prevalence of Elimination Disorders among Iranian children and adolescents. Due to the ongoing need to monitor the health status of these children and adolescents, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence of Elimination Disorders and comorbid disorders in Iranian children and adolescents.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 29,781 children and adolescents age 6 to 18 years old were selected and studied from all the provinces in Iran. The sampling was carried out by employing a multistage cluster sampling method, and several clinical psychologists using semi-structured interviews collected the data. Furthermore, clinical psychologists collected demographic information (including information about gender, age, place of residence, education level, and parental education level). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Generally, the prevalence of Elimination Disorders was found to be 5.4% covering both enuresis (p= 5.4, 95% CI = 5.1-5.7) and encopresis (p= 0.13, 95% CI = 0.09-0.2). The total prevalence of comorbid disorders was 38%, and among the comorbid disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (p= 11, 95% CI = 9.5-12.7) and Separation Anxiety (p= 10.6, 95% CI = 9.1-12.2) were the most prevalent.
Conclusion: The prevalence of Elimination Disorders in Iranian children and adolescents is moderate compared to similar studies elsewhere. As for comorbid disorders, ADHD and Separation Anxiety were found to be the most prevalent disorders. Since Elimination Disorders coexist with psychiatric disorders in children, further studies of these comorbidities may give better insight into the treatment and prognosis of Elimination Disorders
Viewpoints of Nurses and Therapeutic Staff toward Patient Safety Culture: A Case Study in Ardabil, Iran
No full textIntroduction:
The improvement of Patient Safety Culture (PSC) is the first step in patient immunity promotion. This study aimed to investigate the viewpoints of nurses and therapeutic staff toward PSC.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 nurses and staff working at Alavi Hospital, Ardabil, Iran, in 2019. The data were collected using a patient safety culture standard questionnaire entitled "A Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture", which was completed by all participants. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) according to the questionnaire guideline.
Results:
According to the results, 56 (80%) and 14 (20%) participants had moderate and high levels of PSC, respectively. The highest level of respecting PSC was observed in those with work experience of up to 21 years and operating room staff. Furthermore, PSC showed a significant relationship with hospital work experience and organizational position.
Conclusion:
The obtained results revealed the moderate level of PSC among nurses and hospital staff in Ardabil, Iran, which required future programing by hospital managers to promote PSC. Moreover, it is recommended to provide a reporting system and encourage the personnel to report the errors and modify the nurses in sections based on work loading
Epidemiology of Supernumerary Teeth in 5000 Radiography Films: Investigation of Patients Referring to the Clinics of Ardabil in 2015–2020
No full textBackground. Supernumerary tooth is defined as any extra tooth or odontogenic structure that is formed on normal dentition. Supernumerary teeth cause such problems as deficiency in tooth growth, ectopic growth, displacement, crowding, diastema, odontogenic cyst formation, decay of the adjacent tooth, malocclusion, and esthetic problems. This study was conducted aiming at determining epidemiology of supernumerary teeth in Ardabil city in 2020. Materials & Methods. In this retrospective descriptive analytical study, 5000 panoramic radiographs of patients referring to Rad and Baser Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Centers were selected through multistage sampling method during 2015-2020. The data were collected by checklist and analyzed with using SPSS-21 and chi-squared, Fisher, and one-way ANOVA tests with a significance level less than 5%. Results. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was estimated as 1.06% (n = 53), and no significant difference between the males and females was seen. Most supernumerary teeth were found in the distomolar (44.1%) and parapremolar (29.4%) locations. The majority of supernumerary teeth were present in the maxilla (73.5%) and were impacted (77.9%) and unilateral (71.7%). The number of supernumerary teeth was 68 cases and majority of patients (86.8%) had one supernumerary tooth. Conclusion. Supernumerary tooth in this study had a high prevalence compared to similar studies, and unlike most previous studies, the most common type of supernumerary tooth was distomolar. Early diagnosis and proper medical planning are essential for managing supernumerary teeth
miR200a and miR4695-5p profiling as potential biomarkers for preterm birth
No full textBackground
Preterm labor is one of the main health problems and after birth congenital anomalies, the main cause of infant mortality. Epigenetic dysregulation and miRNA modulation have been indicated in preterm birth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the miR200a and miR4695-5p profiling as potential biomarkers for preterm birth.
Materials and methods
Serum samples were collected from a total of 90 patients (49 women with preterm labor and 41 women with term labor). After miRNA extraction, expression levels of miR200a and miR4695-5p were evaluated using RT-PCR.
Results
According to the results, the expression levels of miR200a and miR4695-5p were significantly different between the two groups (p-value = 0.015 and p-value = 0.031, respectively). Moreover, the expression of miR4695-5p was positively correlated with the expression of miR200a. However, considering the sex of the fetus, no significant difference was observed in the expression levels of miR200a and miR4695-5p in women with preterm or term labor carrying a female infant (p-value = 0.925). AUC-ROC analysis showed an acceptable sensitivity (60%) and specificity (75%) of miR4695-5p as a biomarker for preterm birth outcome (p-value = 0.031), suggesting this gene as a suitable biomarker for preterm birth. On the other hand, according to the sensitivity (73%) and specificity (51%) according to the AUC-ROC analysis for miR200a (p-value = 0.232) further studies are required to assure the efficacy of this microRNA as a biomarker of preterm birth.
Conclusion
In overall, these microRNAs may be used as effective biomarkers for identifying women at risk of preterm labor for taking suitable preventive or treatment measures
Rapid Aging in the Perforant Path Projections to the Rodent Dentate Gyrus
No full textWhy layers II/III of entorhinal cortex (EC) deteriorate in advance of other regions during the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. Failure of retrograde trophic support from synapses to cell bodies is a common cause of neuronal atrophy, and we accordingly tested for early-life deterioration in projections of rodent layer II EC neurons. Using electrophysiology and quantitative imaging, changes in EC terminals during young adulthood were evaluated in male rats and mice. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, input/output curves, and frequency following capacity by lateral perforant path (LPP) projections from lateral EC to dentate gyrus were unchanged from 3 to 8-10 months of age. In contrast, the unusual presynaptic form of long-term potentiation (LTP) expressed by the LPP was profoundly impaired by 8 months in rats and mice. This impairment was accompanied by a reduction in the spine to terminal endocannabinoid signaling needed for LPP-LTP induction and was offset by an agent that enhances signaling. There was a pronounced age-related increase in synaptophysin within LPP terminals, an effect suggestive of incipient pathology. Relatedly, presynaptic levels of TrkB-receptors mediating retrograde trophic signaling-were reduced in the LPP terminal field. LTP and TrkB content were also reduced in the medial perforant path of 8- to 10-month-old rats. As predicted, performance on an LPP-dependent episodic memory task declined by late adulthood. We propose that memory-related synaptic plasticity in EC projections is unusually sensitive to aging, which predisposes EC neurons to pathogenesis later in life.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons within human superficial entorhinal cortex are particularly vulnerable to effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease, although why this is the case is not understood. Here we report that perforant path projections from layer II entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus exhibit rapid aging in rodents, including reduced synaptic plasticity and abnormal protein content by 8-10 months of age. Moreover, there was a substantial decline in the performance of an episodic memory task that depends on entorhinal cortical projections at the same ages. Overall, the results suggest that the loss of plasticity and related trophic signaling predispose the entorhinal neurons to functional decline in relatively young adulthood
Recurrent Vomiting as a Manifestation in a Pediatric Case of Supravalvar Mitral Ring: a case report
No full textIntroduction:
Supravalvar mitral ring is an abnormal fibrous shelflike membrane that covers and obstructs the mitral valve inflow and causes elevation of left atrial pressure that lead to increasing venous capillary and pulmonary artery pressure.
Case Presentation:
A 9- month- old girl admitted with recurrent vomiting. She had dyspnea, cyanosis, hepatomegaly and holosystolic murmur on physical examination. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly. On echocardiography had a supravalvar mitral ring that narrowed the entrance to the mitral valve and subsequenced pulmonary hypertension led to enlargement of right cardiac chambers and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation. After surgical resection of the ring, the clinical signs improved.
Conclusion:
Supravalvar mitral ring is a rare condition and often obstructs mitral valve inflow. Elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right heart chambers leads to liver abnormalities, abdominal pain and nausea with vomiting
Design of potential HSP90 inhibitors via docking, molecular dynamics and DFT calculations
No full textIntroduction and Goal: The HSP90 molecular chaperone has emerged as one of the most exciting targets for cancer drug development. HSP90 is overexpressed in many malignancies, very likely as a result of the stress that is induced both by the hostile cancer microenvironment and also by the mutation and abberant expression of oncoproteins.
Materials and Methods: In this project, HSP90 inhibitors introduced into different phases of clinical trials and the reported compounds of HSP90 inhibitor were considered as the primary molecules of this study. Next, the chemical structure of the selected ligands was obtained by using the Zinc15 database and also based on literature review. Then, Genetic algorithm of AutoDock version 4.2 with incorporated MGL tools-1.5.6 was applied to elucidate the most probable binding interactions (to prioritized in terms of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results in terms of receptor binding pattern) of the proposed ligands within active sites of selected HSP90 targets. In order to evaluate the stability of the observed interaction patterns, the superior molecules entered the molecular dynamics simulation stage by docking ensemble method and for this purpose 40 HSP90 files were considered using PDB database. In the next phase of this study, docked molecules were subjected to amino acid decomposition analysis via the DFT method by Gaussian 09 program to discover the structure binding relationship for proposing hypothetical pharmacophores with optimal binding modes/energies to HSP90.
Results: inertpreation of the molecular docking results elucidated that ligands with codes 15, 19, 20 and 30 had the ability to show high binding free energy with many induced forms of protein. Also, the results of intermolecular interaction analysis via quantum mechanical method at the ligand-amino acid level on selected complexes obtained from docking Ensemble showed that hydrogen bonding is very important in contrast to active site hydrophobic interactions, as well as Asn51, Gly97, Asp102 and Tyr139 are key residues in interaction with HSP90.
Discussion and conclusion: Due to the results of intermolecular interaction analysis at the ligand-amino acid level and finally based on the structure binding relationship, two hypothetical pharmacophores were presented according to the active site of 4NH8 receptor and the chemical structure of molecule 30, in which the presence of hydrogen bond, ion bridge and π-π interaction between some of the ligand atoms and amino acids of the active site of the receptor were important to have a more stable complex and a stronger binding mode
