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Maximilien Bibaud, 1823-1887: The Pioneer Teacher of International Law in Canada
No full textMaximilien Bibaud was a most unusual man: student of philosophy, history, and literature, teacher, author, chronicler and reformer of the law, founder of the first organized law school in Canada, true pioneer of the teaching of international law in this country. Insolently but exhilaratingly new in both his ideas and his techniques for legal education, Bibaud was far in advance of his time. As we mark the centenary of his death in 1987, his interests and achievements are as relevant today as they were when he opened his law school 136 years ago
Maximilien Bibaud, 1823-1887: The Pioneer Teacher of International Law in Canada
No full textMaximilien Bibaud was a most unusual man: student of philosophy, history, and literature, teacher, author, chronicler and reformer of the law, founder of the first organized law school in Canada, true pioneer of the teaching of international law in this country. Insolently but exhilaratingly new in both his ideas and his techniques for legal education, Bibaud was far in advance of his time. As we mark the centenary of his death in 1987, his interests and achievements are as relevant today as they were when he opened his law school 136 years ago
What’s the Use of a National Poet in the Times of Worldliterature?
No full textThe present article attempts to reflect on the particular status currently “enjoyed” by Eminescu (an important poet for the end of European and Romanian romanticism), who continues to be celebrated in Romanian canonical and scholastic texts as “the national poet.” Today, just like one century ago, he functions as an authoritative political symbol for ideologies in search of local roots and legitimation. Furthermore, he serves as a national‑identity argument in debates completely unrelated to his literary work. Following my studies on this Romanian cultural myth, published over the past twenty years, I now turn to the new Romanian literary histories, the new literary dictionaries, supervised by the Romanian Academy, as well as to some other “officially”‑sanctioned texts, in order to see if (and how) Eminescu’s position in the history of Romanian literature is being reconsidered. What does the perpetuation of the national‑poet myth mean today for the Romanian literary history and for the identity crises experienced by Romanian culture?Dans cet article, je me propose de réfléchir à la situation particulière dont « jouit » Mihai Eminescu (poète très important pour la fin du romantisme européen et roumain), qui continue de nos jours à être célébré, dans les textes canoniques et scolastiques roumains d’histoire littéraire, comme étant « le poète national ». Il continue aussi – comme il y a un siècle – à fonctionner comme un fort symbole politique de toutes sortes d’idéologies en quête de fondements locaux et à servir d’argument « d’identité nationale » dans des débats absolument indifférents à son œuvre littéraire. Dans le sillage des études que j’ai publiées, ces vingt dernières années, sur les formes et implications de ce mythe culturel roumain, j’interroge à présent de nouvelles histoires littéraires contemporaines, des ouvrages lexicographiques récemment publiés sous le patronage de l’Académie roumaine et d’autres textes « institutionnels », afin de voir si (et comment) la position d’Eminescu dans l’histoire de la littérature roumaine est repensée à la faveur d’un nouveau siècle. Quelle est la signification actuelle de la perpétuation du mythe du poète national, pour l’histoire de la littérature roumaine, ainsi que pour les crises identitaires roumaines ?Articolul de față își propune să reflecteze asupra situației particulare de care „se bucură” Eminescu (un poet foarte important pentru sfîrșitul romantismului european și românesc), care continuă să fie celebrat, în textele canonice și scolastice românești de istorie literară, ca fiind „poetul național”. El funcționează astăzi – ca în urmă cu un secol – ca un simbol politic puternic al unor ideologii în căutare de rădăcini locale și servește de argument al identității naționale în dezbateri absolut străine de opera lui literară. In continuarea studiilor pe care le‑am publicat în ultimii 20 de ani, consacrate acestui mit cultural românesc, mă opresc acum asupra noilor istorii literare românești, contemporane, a noilor publicații lexicografice românești patronate de Academia Română și a altor texte „cu valoare oficială”, pentru a vedea dacă (și cum) este regîndită poziția lui Mihai Eminescu în istoria literaturii române. Ce înseamnă perpetuarea mitului poetului național, astăzi, pentru istoria literară românească și pentru crizele identitare ale culturii române
The scholarly inscriptions of Maximilien Sorre (1880-1962) between conformation and differentiation in geography
No full textMaximilien Sorre (1880-1962) s’est fait le promoteur d’une écologie humaine en géographie. De sa thèse Les Pyrénées méditerranéennes. Étude de géographie biologique (1913) à son ouvrage Les fondements biologiques de la géographie humaine. Essai d’une écologie de l’homme (1943), il porte une attention particulière aux relations entre l’homme et le milieu vivant. Ainsi, il se distingue des autres géographes par la diversité et l’originalité de ses préoccupations : les genres de vie, les maladies, l’alimentation, le climat urbain, les «milieux artificiels», etc. Ce faisant, il s’inscrit dans de multiples réseaux savants — de biologistes, médecins, sociologues et psychologues. Ses écrits se démarquent également par une dimension généraliste et spéculative, quand ses contemporains privilégient souvent une approche régionale. Pour autant, le savant participe pleinement aux lieux disciplinaires de son temps. Professeur à l’université de Lille dans l’entre-deux-guerres, auteur de volumes pour la Géographie Universelle, puis titulaire d’une chaire à la Sorbonne et directeur des Annales de Géographie dans les années 1940, Maximilien Sorre finit sa carrière comme directeur du Centre d’Études Sociologiques. Le caractère brillant, mais somme toute traditionnel, de sa trajectoire contraste avec la relative singularité de ses centres d’intérêts. Cette étude biographique cherche donc à ressaisir la tension ou la coexistence entre ces différentes inscriptions savantes, à penser l’articulation, au sein d’une même vie, entre un principe de conformation — ou de reproduction — et un principe de singularisation permettant l’innovation scientifique.Maximilien Sorre (1880-1962) promoted human ecology in geography. From his thesis, entitled Les Pyrénées méditerranéennes. Étude de géographie biologique (1913), to his 1943 essay Les fondements biologiques de la géographie humaine. Essai d’une écologie de l’homme, his work focuses on the relationships between human beings and the living environment. Thus he distinguishes himself from other geographers because of the diversity and originality of his preoccupations: lifestyles (“genres de vie”), illnesses, diet, urban climate, “artificial environments”, etc. In doing so, he is part of numerous learned networks – of biologists, doctors, sociologists and psychologists. His written works also differentiate themselves because they have a general and speculative dimension, while his contemporaries often favour a regional approach. Nevertheless, the scholar is fully involved in the places of knowledge of his time. He is a professor at the university of Lille between the wars, the author of some volumes for Géographie Universelle, he then holds a chair at the Sorbonne and directs Annales de Géographie in the 1940s, Maximilien Sorre ends his career as the head of Centre of Sociological Research. The brilliant, yet traditional nature of his path contrasts with the relative singularity of his interests. Therefore this biographical study attempts to grasp the tension or the coexistence between these different learned inscriptions, to reflect on the articulation, during his lifetime, between a principle of conformation – or reproduction – and a principle of wishing to stand out, thus enabling scientific innovation
Dynamic matching algorithms
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 203-213).We study marketplaces in which participants arrive over time, looking to interact with each other. While such interactions have historically been decentralized, the past few years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of internet-enabled platforms which facilitate the process of connecting together, or matching, sets of two or more participants. We will focus mainly on centralized matching markets such as kidney exchange and carpooling platforms. In such platforms, the algorithm which determines whom to match and when to do so plays an important role in the efficiency of the marketplace. In the first part, we study the interface between the participant heterogeneity, the types of matchings that are allowed, and the frequency at which the platform computes the allocations. We provide an empirical analysis of the effect of match frequency based on data from major US Kidney exchange programs. We then study models that enable us to compare the participants' match rates and waiting times under varying matching policies. We show both in theory and in practice that matching quickly can be beneficial, compared to policies which try to increase opportunities for optimization through artificial waiting. Until now, the theory of matching algorithms has focused mostly on static environments and little is known in the case where all participants arrive and depart dynamically. In our second part, we help bridge this gap by introducing a new theoretical problem for dynamic matching when anyone can arrive online. We provide new algorithms with state-of-the-art theoretical guarantees, both in the case of adversarial and random order inputs. Finally, we show that these algorithms perform well on kidney exchange and carpooling data.by Maximilien Burq.Ph. D.Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Cente
Latin Hypercubes and Cellular Automata
No full textLatin squares and hypercubes are combinatorial designs with several applications in statistics, cryptography and coding theory. In this paper, we generalize a construction of Latin squares based on bipermutive cellular automata (CA) to the case of Latin hypercubes of dimension. In particular, we prove that linear bipermutive CA (LBCA) yielding Latin hypercubes of dimension are defined by sequences of invertible Toeplitz matrices with partially overlapping coefficients, which can be described by a specific kind of regular de Bruijn graph induced by the support of the determinant function. Further, we derive the number of k-dimensional Latin hypercubes generated by LBCA by counting the number of paths of length on this de Bruijn graph.Cyber Securit
Historic physics reprints come home : six boxes of historic reprints have returned home to Pauli's Library
No full textThe 146 items - preprints by Born, Bohr, Heisenberg and others some with dedications to Pauli from the author - had been part of the personal library of the Nobel prize-winning physicist, Wolfgang Pauli
Analyse typologique et syntaxique du génitif wolof
No full textInternational audienceGenitive is a widely studied construction of languages, Wolof included. But, for Wolof, the proposed analyses have no typological reach. Reading these analyses, we could have the feeling that the genitive construction in Wolof is, from a typological point of view, unusual. The author demonstrates, from a typological approach, that the genitive construction in Wolof is similar to what we can observe in diverse languages belonging to linguistic families different from that of the Wolof. The current genitive construction in Wolof is in a transitional phase between a state where the genitive was marked by the redoubling of the indefinite determiner, and a state where it is marked by a suffix on the head noun.Le génitif est une construction largement étudiée dans les langues, dont le wolof. Or, pour cette dernière langue, les analyses proposées n'ont pas de portée typologique. Au vu de ces analyses, on pourrait avoir le sentiment que la construction génitive en wolof est, d'un point de vue typologique, originale. L'auteur démontre, à partir d'une approche typologique, que la construction génitive en wolof est comparable à ce que l'on observe dans diverses langues appartenant à des familles linguistiques distinctes de celle du wolof. La construction génitive actuelle en wolof est dans une phase transitoire entre un état où le génitif se marquait par le redoublement du déterminant indéfini, et un état où il se marque par un suffixe sur le nom tête
About the reception of Sorana Gurian’s literary work in Romania
No full textThe case of Sorana Gurian (1913‑1956) allows to examine the situation of multiple exclusion in the 20th century European society: she is a Jewish woman, a stranger accused of espionage and collaboration and her body, disabled and affected by cancer, becomes the main culprit of this plural banishment. The author is a tragic figure: not only because of her life, but also due to the oblivion that her oeuvre fell into – yet original and contemporarily recognized – counting six volumes in French and Romanian and dozens of press publications. In the paper, I propose to read chosen literary chronicles commenting on two Gurian’s editions published in Romania in 1945‑1946 – Zilele nu se întorc niciodată [Days that never return] and Întâmplări între amurg și noapte [Adventures between twilight and night]. These chronicles show the way in which the Other was perceived, in this case – a woman writer, a disabled woman or a Jewish woman in the 20th century. Such perspective aims to show the non‑ aesthetic conditions (gender, corporality, social class, political convictions, ethnic origin, etc.) which have determined Gurian’s appearance and disappearance in the literary scene, and which still influence the way of perceiving her texts in Romania. At the end of this study, I reflect on the possibility of rehabilitating this figure in the history of European literature, that could renew the Romanian literary canon of the 20th century, in which women writers haven’t still found their place.Le cas de Sorana Gurian (1913-1956) permet d’examiner la situation d’une multiple exclusion au sein de la société européenne du xxe siècle : elle est à la fois femme, juive et étrangère, accusée d’espionnage et de collaboration, et son corps, handicapé et touché par le cancer, devient le principal coupable de ce bannissement pluriel. L’auteure est une figure tragique : non seulement par sa vie, mais aussi par l’oubli dans lequel est tombée son œuvre – pourtant originale et reconnue à l’époque –, comptant six volumes en roumain et en français et des dizaines de publications dans la presse. Dans le présent article, je propose une lecture de quelques chroniques littéraires portant sur deux éditions de Gurian parues en Roumanie en 1945-1946 : Zilele nu se întorc niciodată [Les jours ne reviennent jamais] et Întâmplări între amurg și noapte [Aventures entre crépuscule et nuit], qui témoignent de la manière dont on percevait l’Autre, en l’occurrence une femme écrivain, une femme infirme ou bien une femme d’origine juive au xxe siècle. Cette perspective a pour but de montrer les conditionnements autres qu’esthétiques (genre, corporalité, classe sociale, convictions politiques, origine ethnique, etc.) qui ont déterminé l’apparition et la disparition de Gurian sur la scène littéraire, et qui influencent toujours la manière de percevoir ses textes en Roumanie. À la fin de cette étude, je réfléchis à la possibilité de réhabiliter cette figure dans l’histoire de la littérature européenne, ce qui pourrait permettre de rediscuter le canon littéraire roumain du xxe siècle, où les femmes écrivains ne trouvent toujours pas leur place.Przypadek Sorany Gurian (1913‑1956) pozwala zbadać sytuację wielokrotnego wykluczenia w xx‑wiecznym społeczeństwie europejskim: jest ona jednocześnie kobietą, Żydówką, obcą, oskarżoną o szpiegostwo i kolaborację, zaś jej ciało, niepełnosprawne i chore na raka, staje się głównym winowajcą tego mnogiego wygnania. Autorka jest postacią tragiczną nie tylko ze względu na jej życie, lecz również ze względu na zapomnienie, w jakie popadła jej oryginalna i uznana przez współczesnych twórczość, na którą składają się sześć wydań w językach francuskim i rumuńskim oraz dziesiątki publikacji w prasie. W niniejszym artykule odczytuję wybrane kroniki literackie komentujące dwa teksty opublikowane przez Gurian w Rumunii w latach 1945‑1946 – Zilele nu se întorc niciodată [Dni nigdy nie powracają] oraz Întâmplări între amurg și noapte [Zdarzenia między zmierzchem a nocą]. Kroniki te pokazują bowiem, w jaki sposób postrzegano Innego, w tym przypadku – pisarkę, niepełnosprawną kobietę czy Żydówkę w xx wieku. Ta perspektywa ma na celu wskazać uwarunkowania nie‑ estetyczne (płeć, cielesność, klasa społeczna, poglądy polityczne, pochodzenie etniczne itd.), które zdecydowały o pojawieniu i zniknięciu Gurian na scenie literackiej, a które ciągle określają postrzeganie jej tekstów w Rumunii. Na końcu tego studium zastanawiam się nad możliwością rehabilitacji tej postaci w historii literatury europejskiej, co mogłoby z kolei przyczynić się do odnowienia rumuńskiego kanonu literackiego xx wieku, w którym nadal nie ma miejsca dla pisarek.Cazul Soranei Gurian (1913‑1956) ilustrează situația unei excluderi din considerențe multiple în societatea europeană din secolul xx‑lea. Fiind femeie, evreică și străină, acuzată de spionaj și de colaborare, trupul său, cu handicap și atins de cancer, devine principalul vinovat al acestei exilări plurale. Autorea este un personaj tragic: nu numai din cauza vieții sale, ci și din cauza uitării în care a căzut opera sa, totuși originală și recunoscută de către contemporanii ei, compusă din șase volume în limba franceză și în română, precum și de zeci de publicații în presă. În acest articol, propun o lectură a unor cronici literare privind cele două ediții ale Soranei Gurian publicate în România în anii 1945‑1946 – Zilele nu se întorc niciodată și Aventuri între amurg și noapte. Aceste cronici reflectă modul în care se percepe Celălalt, în acest caz – o scriitoare, o femeie cu handicap, o evreică în contextul secolului xx. Această perspectivă are să identifice diferite condiționări (gen, corporalitate, clasă socială, convingeri politice, etnie șamd), care au determinat atît apariția, cît și dispariția lui Gurian de pe scenă literară și care încă înfluențează modul de percepere al textelor sale în România. La sfîrșitul acestui studiu, propun o reflecție asupra posibilității de reabilitare a acestei figuri în istoria literaturii europene, ceea ce ar putea conduce la rediscutarea canonului literar românesc al secolului xx, unde scriitoarele încă nu‑și găsesc locul
Challenges in retrohepatic inferior vena cava reconstruction: The neocava technique
No full textThe development of innovative surgical techniques has been a constant and fundamental aspect in liver transplantation (LT) to address chronic organ shortage. Domino liver transplantation (DLT), initially performed by Furtado et al. in Lisbon in 1995, is an innovative technique in which a liver from a patient with a metabolic disorder is transplanted into a recipient with end-stage liver disease [1]. Simultaneously, advancements in liver tumor resectability have progressed to reduce the need for allograft LT, thereby circumventing issues related to organ shortage and complications of immunosuppression. Ex-situ liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA), an extreme liver surgery technique embodies this principle. First performed in 1988 in Hannover by Pichlmayr et al. [2], ELRA involves performing tumor excision on the back-table following a total hepatectomy, after which the liver is reimplanted. This technique enables the achievement of an R0 surgical margin, which is often unattainable with conventional approaches. The primary indications for ELRA include tumors invading the hepatic hilum or retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), where resection of these major vessels is required. These techniques are now well-established and indicated in selected patients, offering advantages such as shorter waiting listing time, reduced mortality rates, and complete liver tumor clearance. Historically, in the classic LT technique, liver outflow is restored through recipient’s IVC replacement under cross clamping, a technique that often results in hemodynamic instability due to insufficient cardiac venous return, which can be circumvented by the establishment of a temporary veno-venous bypass [3]. Nowadays, the piggyback technique has largely replaced the classical approach, as it can be performed without necessity of IVC cross clamping, thereby avoiding the preload drop [4]. Two variations of this technique are widely used: (1) in standard piggyback (SPB), graft supra-hepatic venocaval cuff is anastomosed end-to-side to the recipient’s enlarged hepatic veins cuff (corresponding to the initial definition of piggyback technique) [4]; (2) in the modified piggyback (MPB), the liver outflow is ensured via a side-to-side anastomosis between the donor and recipient IVCs under lateral clamping (also known as side-to-side cavo-cavoplasty) [5]. This outflow restoration technique is now standardized for nearly 30 years in our institution [6]. A recent meta-analysis showed that both SPB and MPB offer comparable postoperative outcomes and are associated with shorter operative time, as well as reduced need for red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma transfusions compared to the classical technique [7]. In DLT, liver procurement spares the domino donor’s retrohepatic IVC (living donor). In ELRA for retrohepatic IVC invasion (IVC-ELRA), the IVC is resected on the back-table after total hepatectomy due to tumor invasion. During this procedure, the native IVC is reconstructed with tubulized autologous peritoneum, biobank homologous venous grafts, or Gore-Tex before liver reimplantation. In all cases, the stump of the common trunk and right hepatic vein is short, making SPB anastomosis technically challenging, potentially leading to hepatic vein outflow obstruction (HVOO), therefore associated with a risk of liver congestion, hemorrhage, and ascites. All these conditions lead to graft failure and even fatal for the patient. In this context, various IVC suprahepatic tripod reconstructions have been described to facilitate SPB anastomosis [[8], [9], [10]]. The aim of this work is to provide a detailed description of a simplified retrohepatic IVC surgical reconstruction technique. This allows a hepatic outflow restoration with standard side-to-side cavo-cavoplasty (MPB) following the IVC-ELRA and DLT. This technique was based on our center extensive experience about tubulized IVC reconstruction using cryopreserved venous allograft or autologous peritoneum in multivisceral resections [11,12]. According to this experience, such tubulized IVC reconstruction is considered as a well-settled and standardized procedure. Both patients were aware of the different possibilities for IVC reconstruction and consented for the surgery. In case No. 1 (DLT procedure), LT indication was decompensated cirrhosis (primary sclerosing cholangitis) in a 68-year-old male, complicated by encephalopathy, refractory pruritus and ascites. The graft was issued from a 53-year-old female affected by familial amyloidosis complicated by end-stage kidney failure. There were no other organs affected by amyloidosis nor portal hypertension. Therefore, DLT indication was retained. Cold ischemia time (CIT) and warm ischemia time (WIT) were 236 and 36 minutes, respectively, with 700 mL total blood loss (no transfusion required). WIT consisted in 3 minutes of donor’s functional WIT and 33 minutes of receiver’s WIT (side-to-side cavo-cavoplasty and portal vein anastomosis). In case No. 2, an 84-year-old female in excellent general condition [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0] was diagnosed with primary IVC leiomyosarcoma located at hepato-caval confluence. The tumor extended intrahepatically posteriorly up to the confluence of the three hepatic veins and exhibited a 5-cm extension into the right atrium. This thrombus was causing rapidly progressing dyspnea due to impaired cardiac venous return. Without surgical intervention, this thrombus would have led to terminal cardiac failure and pulmonary embolism in a short time frame. Surgical treatment was discussed with the patient and within a multidisciplinary meeting, who unanimously approved the procedure: IVC-ELRA indication under sterno-laparotomy was decided. We performed atriotomy with thrombus extraction and partial right atrium resection under extra-corporeal circulation (230 minutes) [13]. CIT and WIT were 220 and 26 minutes, respectively. The estimated intraoperative blood loss was 3 L, essentially related to cardiac surgery. We transfused 3 units of packed red blood cells. WIT consisted in 6 minutes of donor’s functional WIT and 20 minutes of receiver’s WIT (side-to-side cavo-cavoplasty and portal vein anastomosis) [13]. In both cases, homologous venous iliaco-caval graft (either cadaveric or cryopreserved) was used for retrohepatic IVC reconstruction. The iliac limbs of the graft were opened medially and tighted together with running sutures along the anterior and posterior walls to create a large tubular vein, which served as the neocava. On the back-table, the cavo-hepatic confluence was reconstructed using the distal iliac segments of the tube, chosen for its wider caliber, to form the new cavo-hepatic confluence. The common trunk of the hepatic veins was anastomosed to the left lateral aspect of the neocava through a transverse incision, while the right hepatic vein was attached to the right lateral side of the neocava via a longitudinal incision. This configuration was designed to optimize hepatic venous outflow. The superior and inferior ends of the neocava were then closed with a continuous Prolene 6/0 suture (Fig. 1). To ensure vascular integrity, the neocaval vein’s blood-tightness was tested on the back-table. Additionally, a 5-cm incision was made slightly lateral to the ilio-iliac suture on the posterior wall. Fig 1 Download: Download high-res image (2MB) Download: Download full-size image Fig. 1. Liver outflow reconstruction. A: Right hepatic vein anastomosis to neocava in an end-to-side fashion with longitudinal incision on right neocava lateral face. B: Cranial inner view within neocava: right hepatic vein anastomosis *, common trunk anastomosis **. C: A 5 cm-long longitudinal incision on posterior wall of neocava to prepare MPB anastomosis. D: Post-implantation view: MPB anastomosis. MPB: modified piggyback. In case No. 1, postoperative course was uneventful, and a systematic CT scan was performed on postoperative day 7 to assess cavo-caval anastomosis patency (Fig. 2). Patient was discharged 12 days after LT with normal liver function. Fig 2 Download: Download high-res image (506KB) Download: Download full-size image Fig. 2. Computed tomography scan at postoperative day 7. A: Side-to-side cavo-cavoplasty patency. B: Patency of the three hepatic veins. In case No. 2, postoperative course was marked by an early-stage biliary leak, requiring surgical exploration. Further postoperative course was uneventful allowing hospital discharge after 15 days. Nevertheless, patient opted for a transition through rehabilitation before returning home. An additional 17 days were required to secure a spot at the rehabilitation facility. Finally, patient was discharged on postoperative day 32 and was able to go back home 47 days after surgery. Both patients are in good condition 18 months after surgery, with a patent anastomosis, a normal liver function and no HVOO-related complications. By providing a new method to address challenges of retrohepatic IVC reconstruction, we aim to improve graft and patient outcomes by allowing standardized MPB anastomosis. Compared to classical technique, it offers the possibility to perform outflow reconstruction under partial lateral IVC clamping, preserving sufficient preload and thereby avoiding hemodynamic instability and the necessity of a veno-venous bypass. Compared to SPB anastomosis, the neocava technique offers the advantage to easily perform an MPB anastomosis in a standardized way, allowing a short WIT and reducing the risk of HVOO related to the short hepatic vein cuffs. Hepato-caval confluence reconstruction is challenging in both DLT and IVC-ELRA, particularly to perform SPB due to the short hepatic vein cuffs, which increases the risk of HVOO, or classical implantation technique, which increases the risk of unstable patient during surgery. We present a novel approach that involves creating a neocava with a simplified cavo-hepatic confluence reconstruction at a lower cost, without the need for IVC cross-clamping. In our experience, this straightforward technique allows for an MPB technique to restore liver outflow, with favorable early and long-term outcomes, avoiding outflow complications. This method may serve as a valuable tool to expand the range of outflow reconstruction options in these complex and rare cases
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