82 research outputs found
Data for the article "Organic farming increases functional diversity and ecosystem service provision of spontaneous vegetation in Mediterranean vineyards"
No full textResearch data for the article "Organic farming increases functional diversity and ecosystem service provision of spontaneous vegetation in Mediterranean vineyards" made by Roser Rotchés-Ribalta, Joan Marull and Joan Pino published in Ecological Indicators.
It includes:
- Species and functional diversities of spontaneous plant species in the different plots surveyed per field
- The cover of each species per plot in each field
- The functional traits used for each species
- The physico-chemical soil data of each plot per fiel
Dataset containing data used in the study “Long-term farming systems and last crop sown shape the species and functional composition of the arable weed seedbank”
No full textRaw data associated to an article by Rotchés-Ribalta et al. published in Applied Vegetation Science (https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12496)Species diversity descriptors (abundance, species richnnes, Shannon’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index) and functional diversity descriptors (functional richness, functional evenness, functional dispersion, Rao Quadratic enthropy and functional redundancy) for each sample inventoried from the DOK long-term experimental field trial used by Rotchés-Ribalta et al. (Applied Vegetation Science
Supplemental Data of: Long-term farming systems and last crop sown shape the species and functional composition of the arable weed seedbank
No full textSpecies diversity descriptors (abundance, species richnnes, Shannon’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index) and functional diversity descriptors (functional richness, functional evenness, functional dispersion, Rao Quadratic enthropy and functional redundancy) for each sample inventoried from the DOK long-term experimental field trial used by Rotchés-Ribalta et al. (Applied Vegetation Science
Efecte de les pràctiques agricoles i del paisatge sobre la flora segetal dels secans mediterranis. Implicacions per a la conservació = Effect of farming practices and landscape on the segetal species of Mediterranean dry land arable fields. Implications for conservation
No full textEl desenvolupament i l'expansió de l'agricultura en els seus orígens va comportar la selecció d'una flora associada a aquests ambients, les espècies arvenses. Aquestes espècies, però, han estat considerades un factor limitant per a la producció agrícola de manera que el control i la reducció de les seves poblacions ha estat un dels objectius principals de les estratègies agrícoles. No obstant, el nombre d'espècies arvenses realment nocives és limitat. La majoria d'espècies arvenses rarament provoca grans pèrdues de producció i, en canvi, contribueix de manera considerable a la biodiversitat d'aquests hàbitats. Malgrat tot, les poblacions d'algunes espècies pròpies dels conreus cerealistes de secà han patit importants davallades a causa dels canvis en la gestió agrícola succeïts en les últimes dècades, fins al punt de convertir-ne algunes en molt poc freqüents o fins i tot extingides regionalment. Malauradament, a la regió mediterrània la raresa d'aquestes espècies ha atret comparativament poc l'atenció d'investigadors i conservacionistes.
En aquesta tesi s'ha aprofundit en el coneixement sobre les poblacions d'espècies arvenses característiques dels camps de cereals de secà (comunitats de l'ordre fitosociològic Secalietalia cerealis Br.-B1., 1936) a Catalunya i s'han avaluat els motius pels quals algunes d'aquestes espècies han esdevingut poc freqüents en aquests hàbitats. Amb aquesta finalitat, l'estudi s'ha estructurat al voltant de dos eixos principals: 1) l'anàlisi de la freqüència de les espècies segetals i especialment d'aquelles que han esdevingut rares en relació amb la gestió dels cultius cerealistes de Catalunya i 2) l'avaluació dels efectes que tenen les pràctiques agrícoles sobre l'eficàcia biològica d'algunes d'aquestes espècies.
L'estudi ha estat organitzat al voltant d'aquestes dues línies d'investigació de manera complementària. En la primera línia, de caràcter observacional, s'ha avaluat la diversitat d'espècies segetals a les vores dels camps cerealistes de la Depressió Central Catalana gestionats de manera ecològica en relació amb les pràctiques agrícoles i amb les característiques paisatgístiques a diferents nivells (dins de la parcel.la, a nivell de parcel.la i a nivell de finca). En l'altra línia d'investigació, de caràcter experimental, dos estudis sota condicions controlades han permès avaluar els efectes de determinades pràctiques agrícoles (l’aplicació d’herbicides i la fertilització) sobre el creixement i la capacitat reproductiva de diverses parelles d’espècies segetals, una més rara i l’altra més comuna, de diferents famílies. Les espècies arvenses característiques i rares correlacionen més amb els factors que actuen a escala de parcel·la que amb els factors que actuen de la mateixa manera per tota la finca o amb les característiques del paisatge. La gestió ecològica sostinguda durant el temps comporta l’augment de la diversitat d’espècies segetals. No obstant, la intensitat de les pràctiques agrícoles en els camps de gestió ecològica són molt variables. Per aquest motiu, les estratègies per preservar les espècies segetals haurien de considerar les pràctiques específiques tals com la sembra de cereal, especialment de tardor, després d’una llaurada sense inversió de les capes del sòl. A la vegada, però, convindria racionalitzar la fertilització, encara que aquesta sigui orgànica, per no comprometre la producció i alhora, garantir la persistència de les espècies segetals. La continuada pressió de l’aplicació d’herbicides i les elevades aportacions de fertilitzants minerals en els sistemes agrícoles de gestió convencional han afectat negativament les poblacions d’espècies segetals. Efectivament, aquestes pràctiques afecten negativament el creixement i la reproducció de les espècies segetals. Ara bé, les baixes freqüències de les espècies segetals més rares no correlacionen amb les diferències trobades entre espècies en els efectes d’aquestes pràctiques. La raresa d’aquestes espècies sembla ser, doncs, conseqüència de diversos factors o de la interacció entre ells i sempre amb una incidència que varia d’una espècie a l’altra.Many arable plant species that inhabit almost exclusively in cereal fields have undergone severe population declines owing to agricultural intensification. These species, indicators of sustainability in agricultural systems, should be considered in conservation programs, but their conservation must be based on the maintenance of cropping activities. Unfortunately, in the Mediterranean region characteristic arable species have attracted relatively little the attention of researchers and conservationists.
This thesis deepens our knowledge on the characteristic arable species of winter cereal fields, and assesses the reasons why some of these species have become rare in these habitats. We assessed which farming practices and landscape characteristics favour the presence of these species, both common and rare, at the edges of a large number of organically managed fields in the Central Catalan Depression. We also evaluated experimentally the effects that particular farming practices (herbicide application and fertilization) have on the fitness of certain segetal species.
Characteristic and rare arable species correlate better with the factors operating at the field scale than with the factors that depend on the farm or with the landscape characteristics. The intensification of organic farming practices is highly variable. Therefore, specific farming practices such as autumn-sowing of cereal crop varieties, non-inversion tillage and the adjustment of the fertilization should be promoted to benefit the presence of characteristic arable species at the field level, whose effects scale up at the farm level.
The high specificity of the segetal species to the dry land cereal habitats and the continued pressure from the application of herbicides and the high inputs of mineral fertilizers in the conventional farming systems have affected negatively their populations. Indeed, these farming practices cause significant effects on the growth and reproduction of the segetal species. However, the particularly low frequency of some of these species does not correlate with the differential effects of these practices. Thus, the rarity degree of these species is likely to be the consequence of several factors, or probably the interaction of some of them, whose effects may vary from one species to another
Organic farming increases functional diversity and ecosystem service provision of spontaneous vegetation in Mediterranean vineyards
No full textSpontaneous plant species in agricultural systems (i.e., weeds) are bound to become key ecological indicators of agroecosystem resilience as they show high sensitivity to management, while they ensure the assembly of multiple ecological functions. Here we used the response-effect functional framework on spontaneous plant species growing in both organic and conventional vineyards, to assess whether their plant communities respond to contrasted farming systems and to soil conditions according to its competitive response and the provisioning of pollination services.The results show that the spontaneous plant communities and its functions better reflected the effects of management -when considering the dichotomy organic-conventional farming- rather than soil conditions. Organic management in vineyards promoted higher plant species richness, with varied competitive response strategies to deal with different environmental conditions and management disturbances. Organic vineyards held more diverse and resilient plant communities for the provisioning of pollinator services than the conventional ones, which is expected to enhance pollinator communities with diverse feeding guilds. In contrast, conventional farming systems selected anemophilous plants or those with flower attributes related to generalist pollinators.Such results highlight the significance of organic farming for the sustainment of the local accompanying plant diversity but also for the provisioning of ecosystem services in these agricultural landscapes. Besides, the study reinforces the applicability of the response-effect framework to identify the effects of vineyard management on the spontaneous plant communities and its potential impacts on the pollinator communities
Long‐term farming systems and last crop sown shape the species and functional composition of the arable weed seed bank
No full textQuestions: The assembly of arable weed communities is the result of local filtering by agricultural management and crop competition. Therefore, soil seed banks can reflect the effects of long‐term cumulative field management and crop sequences on weed communities. Moreover, soil seed banks provide strong estimates of future weed problems but also of potential arable plant diversity and associated ecological functions. For this, we evaluated the effects of different long‐term farming systems under the same crop rotation sequence on the abundance, diversity and community assembly of weed seed bank, as well as on the functional diversity and composition.
Location: DOK (biodynamic [D], bioorganic [O], conventional [K]) long‐term trial, Therwil, Switzerland.
Methods: The effects of long‐term contrasted farming systems (i.e., biodynamic, organic, conventional, mineral and unfertilised systems) and last crop sown (i.e., wheat and maize) were evaluated on different indicators of species and functional diversity and composition of the weed soil seed bank.
Results: The results showed significant influences of 40 years of contrasted farming systems on the diversity and composition of the seed bank, with higher diversities being found in unfertilised and organic farming systems, but also higher abundances than those found under conventional systems. Organic farming also allowed higher functional richness, dispersion and redundancy. Different farming systems triggered shifts in species and functional assemblies.
Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of organic management for the maintenance of a diverse arable plant community and its functions. However, such results emphasise the need for appropriate yearly management to reduce the abundance of settled weediness and prevent affecting crop production. The farm management filtered community composition based on functional traits. Although the soil seed bank buffers the long‐term farming and crop sequence, the last crop sown and, thus, the yearly management were important determinants of seed bank composition
Recommended from our members
Associations between plant and pollinator communities under grassland restoration respond mainly to landscape connectivity
No full textLand‐use change can disrupt associations between different trophic groups, but it is unclear if habitat restoration can recover these associations. In Sweden, restoration efforts have been applied to increase areas of semi‐natural grassland previously remaining as small fragments due to abandonment. We assessed how the associations between plant and pollinator communities can be modified by grassland abandonment and restoration, together with landscape connectivity. We surveyed plant, hoverfly and bee communities in 10 abandoned, 18 restored and 10 intact grasslands in south‐central Sweden, distributed along a gradient of isolation from other species‐rich grasslands. We assessed the effects of management history and connectivity on the relationships between several measures of the composition of plant and pollinator communities as well as between plant community composition and pollinator guilds. The composition of the local flowering plant community was an important determinant of both hoverfly and bee communities. However, plant‐pollinator associations were modulated by landscape connectivity and, to some extent, by grassland management history. Abundance, species richness and functional richness of bees and species richness of hoverflies were positively associated with local plant communities in isolated grasslands, but these associations weakened in well‐connected grasslands. In contrast, hoverfly abundance correlated positively with plant communities in well‐connected grasslands. The response of pollinator feeding guilds was consistent with overall pollinator communities. However, abundance of bees adapted to foraging on particular plants (long‐tongued and short‐tongued) responded positively to specific host plant species abundance. Synthesis and applications. Our results show how land use and landscape context can significantly affect interactions between different trophic levels. Land use and landscape context should therefore be recognised in grassland restoration guidelines. Enhancement of both functional‐rich and species‐rich plant communities, as well as increasing abundance and species and functional richness of host plants for specialist pollinators will amend pollinator diversity. Restoration actions should consider the spatial configuration of the landscape to improve its outcome. Efforts in more isolated grasslands should focus on promoting local habitat quality while, in more connected grasslands, the priority should be maintaining connectivity to well‐preserved grasslands
L'agricultura ecològica potencia la biodiversitat i la vegetació espontània de vinyes mediterrànies
No full textInvestigadors del CREAF i la UAB han realitzat un estudi per avaluar els efectes contrastats de la gestió convencional i ecològica en sis vinyes del Penedès. Els resultats revelen que les vinyes sota gestió ecològica mostren una riquesa més gran d'espècies vegetals amb diferents estratègies adaptatives. Aquest enfoc sostenible marca una pauta per a un futur més ecològic en la viticultura mediterrània.nvestigadores del CREAF y la UAB han realizado un estudio para evaluar los efectos contrastados de la gestión convencional y ecológica en seis viñas del Penedès. Los resultados revelan que las viñas bajo gestión ecológica muestran una mayor riqueza de especies vegetales con diferentes estrategias adaptativas. Este enfoque sostenible marca una pauta para un futuro más ecológico en la viticultura mediterránea.Researchers from CREAF and the UAB have carried out a study to evaluate the contrasting effects of conventional and organic management in six vineyards in the Penedès. The results reveal that the vineyards under organic management show a greater richness of plant species with different adaptive strategies. This sustainable approach sets a guideline for a more ecological future in Mediterranean viticulture
Reduced crop sowing density improves performance of rare arable weed species more effectively than reduced fertilisation
No full text- …
