36 research outputs found
DetectaWeb Project: study protocol of a web-based detection of mental health of children and adolescents
No full textIntroduction Traditionally, research and practice addressing mental health has been conducted within a unidimensional model, explaining mental health as the presence/absence of psychological problems (distress or psychopathological symptoms). More recently, accumulative evidence has supported a bi-dimensional model, which conceptualises psychological problems and psychological strengths (well-being) as related-yet-distinct continua that, when considered together, yields a more comprehensive understanding of individuals. The DetectaWeb Project is a web-based early detection assessment of the mental health continuum (MHC) for children and adolescents and aims to: develop a web-based platform for screening of the MHC, including both psychological problems (anxiety, depression and suicidality) and personal strengths (emotional, cognitive/psychological and social aspects); examine the prevalence of the MHC among children and adolescents; and analyse key determinants (risk and protective factors) of the MHC. Methods and analysis We will conduct an ongoing, multicentre observational, cross-sectional study of Spanish children and adolescents. Participants will be assessed through a web-based platform. In order to validate the web-based screening system, a clinical reappraisal will be completed among a subsample of respondents. To elucidate youth’s levels of subjective distress and well-being, we will include measures of anxiety, depression, suicidality, well-being, externalising problems and socio-demographic variables. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained at all sites. All participants will sign a free and informed consent form before the assessment. Results of the study will be communicated during national and international meetings in the field of clinical and health psychology with children and adolescents. Publications will be sought in journals usually read by psychologists or psychiatrists involved in the development of epidemiological studies and interventions for mental health promotion based on resilience building for children and adolescents.Detecta Web Project is a funded project by the Vicerrectorado for Research and Technological Development from Miguel Hernández University (BANCAJA-UMH, call 2010), the Department of Health Care (Consejeria de Sanidad) from the Valencian Community (SMI 10/2014), and a grant for the hiring of predoctoral research assistant granted the third author (ProgramVALi+d, Department of Education, Research, Culture and Sport from the Valencian Community)
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their links to depression and anxiety in clinic- and community-based pediatric samples: A network analysis
No full textBackground: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and associated with more severe OCD, greater impairment, and worse treatment outcome. Beyond twin studies showing that genetic factors contribute to the high co-occurrence, few studies have examined how OCD, depression, and anxiety are linked in youth, and current studies often fail to account for OCD and anxiety heterogeneity. Methods: Network analysis was used to investigate how OCD were linked to depression and anxiety in multinational youth diagnosed with OCD (total n = 419) and in school-recruited, community-based samples of youth (total n = 2 991). Results: Initial results aligned with earlier work showing that severity of obsession-related symptoms are important in linking OCD to depression in youth with OCD. However, when symptom content of OCD (e.g., washing, ordering) was fully taken into account and when measures of anxiety were included, specific OCD symptom dimensions (primarily obsessing and doubting/checking) were linked to specific anxiety dimensions (primarily panic and generalized anxiety) which in turn were linked to depression. These results were replicated in three separate community-based samples from Chile, Italy, and Spain using different measures of anxiety and depression. Limitations: Cross-sectional data were analyzed which precludes causal inference. Self-report measures were used. Conclusions: Youth with OCD with symptoms related to doubting/checking and obsessing should be carefully assessed for symptoms of panic and generalized anxiety. Non-responders to standard OCD treatment may benefit from interventions targeting panic and generalized anxiety, but more research is needed to test this hypothesis
Relación entre la autoestima y el nivel de logro en el área de matemática de los estudiantes del tercer grado (sección única) de educación primaria de la asociacion educativa San Lucas del distrito de Elías Soplín Vargas - Segunda Jerusalén de la provincia de Rioja, 2015
No full textLa investigación: Relación entre la autoestima y el nivel de logro en el área de matemática de los estudiantes del tercer grado (sección única) de Educación Primaria de la Asociación Educativa “San Lucas” del distrito de Elías Soplín Vargas - Segunda Jerusalén de la provincia de Rioja, 2015, tiene el propósito de determinar la relación entre la autoestima y el nivel de logro en el área de matemática de los estudiantes del tercer grado (Sección única) de Educación Primaria. Los objetivos específicos fueron: analizar el nivel de autoestima de los estudiantes del tercer grado (Sección única), analizar el nivel de logro en el área de matemática de los estudiantes del tercer grado (Sección única), y establecer la relación entre la autoestima y el nivel de logro en el área de matemática de los estudiantes del tercer grado (Sección única). La autoestima se sustenta en supuestos teóricos de Tiscar (2014), Steiner (2005), Rodríguez (1996), Ortega y Minguez (1999), que argumentan su importancia, características y dimensiones; y el nivel de logro en el área de matemática en Hoz (2013), Alva (2012) y Ministerio de Educación (2004, 2009), que la definen como desempeños académicos producto de un proceso; para ello, se plantea la siguiente hipótesis: La autoestima se relaciona significativamente con el nivel de logro en el área de matemática de los estudiantes del tercer grado (Sección única) de Educación Primaria. Metodológicamente, el diseño de investigación fue descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra de 16 niños de la Asociación Educativa “San Lucas”, y en el proceso de análisis estadístico se obtuvo aceptación de la hipótesis de investigación con una confianza del 95%, y un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson γs = 0,9287 positiva muy fuerte.Research: The relationship between self-esteem and level of achievement in the area of mathematics of third graders (one section) Primary Education Educational Association "San Lucas" Elijah district Soplín Vargas - Second Jerusalem of the province Rioja, 2015, aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem and level of achievement in the area of mathematics of third graders (single Section) Primary Education. The specific objectives were to analyze the self-esteem of students in the third grade (Single Section), analyze the level of achievement in the area of mathematics of third graders (Single Section), and establish the relationship between self-esteem and the level of achievement in the area of mathematics of third graders (single Section). Self-esteem is based on theoretical assumptions of Tiscar (2014), Steiner (2005), Rodriguez (1996), Ortega y Minguez (1999), who argue their importance, characteristics and dimensions; and the level of achievement in the area of mathematics in Hoz (2013), Alva (2012) and Ministry of Education (2004, 2009), which define it as academic performance product of a process; To do this, the following hypothesis is proposed: Self-esteem is significantly related to the level of achievement in the area of mathematics of third graders (Single Section) Primary Education. Methodologically, the research design was descriptive-correlational, with a sample of 16 children Educational Association "San Lucas" and in the process of statistical analysis acceptance of the research hypothesis was obtained in confidence of 95%, and Pearson correlation coefficient γs = 0.9287 very strong positive
Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S): A Universal Screening Measure of Social-Emotional Strengths for Spanish-Speaking Adolescents
No full textImpact of simple surge-enhancing inlet geometries on the acoustic behaviour of a turbocompressor
No full text[EN] This paper reports the results of an experimental campaign where four different inlet geometries for the compressor of an automotive turbocharger were acoustically characterized. These four geometries (a straight pipe for reference, a tapered duct, a 90º elbow and a reservoir) were selected for their potential for deep surge margin enhancement, while being simple enough to be commonly found in production vehicles. A detailed measurement of this surge margin enhancement was performed, together with acoustic measurements of both radiated and orifice noise at design conditions of best isentropic efficiency and also close to the deep surge limit. Results demonstrated that while all the proposed geometries indeed enlarged the usable air mass flow range, changes in the acoustic behaviour of the system could be positive, neutral, or even negative. It is therefore important to carefully consider accurate noise measurements before implementing these geometric solutions in production vehicles, and to further pursue research on the link between the characteristic flow pattern produced by each inlet geometry and the noise emission of the turbocompressor.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The equipment used in this work has been partially supported by FEDER project funds ‘‘Dotacio´n de infraestructuras cientı´fico te´cnicas para el Centro Integral de Mejora Energe´tica y Medioambiental de Sistemas de Transporte (CiMeT)’’ (grant number FEDER-ICTS-2012-06), framed in the operational program of unique scientific and technical infrastructure of the Spanish Government.Broatch, A.; Margot, X.; Garcia Tiscar, J.; Roig-Villanueva, F. (2018). Impact of simple surge-enhancing inlet geometries on the acoustic behaviour of a turbocompressor. International Journal of Engine Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087418784125
Evolution of flow characteristics in a centrifugal compressor with an increase in operating speed
No full text[EN] Developments in materials, manufacturing and computing methods have catalysed the generation of efficient compressor designs with higher specific power outputs. Centrifugal compressors have become pervasive in environments demanding a combination of higher power with smaller sizes such as unmanned aerial vehicles, micro gas turbines and turbochargers. These compressors are expected to perform optimally in a range of operational speeds and mass flow states with low acoustic emissions. The impact of operating speed on the flow and acoustic characteristics of a ported shroud compressor has been explored in this work. The operation of the open and blocked configurations of the compressor at the design and near surge points each of a lower and a higher speedline was numerically and experimentally investigated. Comparing the results, the model was shown to predict the operation of the compressor for both configurations at the investigated operating points satisfactorily in terms of both performance and dominant acoustic features. With an increase in the velocity and the Mach number due to increased operational speed, changes in the flow behaviour in the inducer and diffuser were observed. An increase in operational speed was shown to generally increase the overall acoustic emission of the compressor for both configurations. The number of distinct tones in the acoustic output and their magnitude were also seen to be a function of operating speed.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The project was sponsored and supported by the BorgWarner Turbo Systems and the Regional Growth Fund (RGF Grant Award 01.09.07.01/1789C).Sharma, S.; Garcia Tiscar, J.; Allport, JM.; Barrans, S.; Nickson, AK. (2021). Evolution of flow characteristics in a centrifugal compressor with an increase in operating speed. International Journal of Engine Research. 22(5):1592-1604. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087420916606S1592160422
Investigation of the effects of turbulence modeling on the prediction of compression-ignition combustion unsteadiness
No full textThis is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087421990478[EN] Adverse effects of global warming due to the greenhouse gas emissions is changing the actual paradigm for the use energy resources. In the absence of a mid-term solution for reducing these emissions in transportation, internal combustion (IC) engines are going to coexist in the social spheres in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the study of other IC engine-related problems remains relevant to ensuring the health of the society. In this investigation, a numerical methodology for comprehensive understanding of Noise, Vibration and Harshness in internal combustion engines is proposed. Due to its inherent complexity and lack of awareness, the main objective is to evaluate the impact of the turbulence modeling framework on the in-cylinder acoustic field recreation. Modal decomposition methods have been applied to isolate the coherent flow structures and to analyze how they change with the turbulence approach. Results demonstrate that the choice of the turbulence model is a critical aspect for noise modeling. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes schemes predict a raw estimation of the internal acoustic field with the added value of being computationally less expensive. However, the use of more complex turbulence approaches such us large eddy simulation offers an accurate prediction of the acoustic structures and their cyclic dispersion.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The equipment used in this work has been partially supported by FEDER project funds "Dotacion de infraestructuras cientifico tecnicas para el Centro Integral de Mejora Energetica y Medioambiental de Sistemas de Transporte (CiMeT)'' [grant number FEDER-ICTS-2012-06], framed in the operational program of unique scientific and technical infrastructure of the Spanish Government. The submitted manuscript was created partly by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research was partly funded by U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357.Broatch, A.; Novella Rosa, R.; Garcia Tiscar, J.; Gómez-Soriano, J.; Pal, P. (2022). Investigation of the effects of turbulence modeling on the prediction of compression-ignition combustion unsteadiness. International Journal of Engine Research. 23(4):541-559. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087421990478S54155923
Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
No full textOBJECTIVES: To assess the association between gender and suicide attempt/death and identify gender-specific risk/protective factors in adolescents/young adults. METHODS: Systematic review (5 databases until January 2017). Population-based longitudinal studies considering non-clinical populations, aged 12-26 years, assessing associations between gender and suicide attempts/death, or evaluating their gender risk/protective factors, were included. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies were included. Females presented higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.54-2.50), and males for suicide death (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.8-3.6). Common risk factors of suicidal behaviors for both genders are previous mental or substance abuse disorder and exposure to interpersonal violence. Female-specific risk factors for suicide attempts are eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, being victim of dating violence, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems and previous abortion. Male-specific risk factors for suicide attempt are disruptive behavior/conduct problems, hopelessness, parental separation/divorce, friend's suicidal behavior, and access to means. Male-specific risk factors for suicide death are drug abuse, externalizing disorders, and access to means. For females, no risk factors for suicide death were studied. CONCLUSIONS: More evidence about female-specific risk/protective factors of suicide death, for adolescent/young adults, is needed.Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, PSND (Exp. 2015I015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI13/00343), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-ISCIII (CD12/00440; CM14/00125), DIUE Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 452), and European Regional Development Fund (PSI2017-90650-REDT)
Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S): A Universal Screening Measure of Social-Emotional Strengths for Spanish-Speaking Adolescents
No full textThe Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S), which is a measure of core psychological assets based on a higher-order model of Covitality, is comprised of 36 items and four latent traits (with three measured subscales): belief in self (self-efficacy, self-awareness, and persistence), belief in others (school support, family coherence, and peer support), emotional competence (emotional regulation, behavioral self-control, and empathy), and engaged living (gratitude, zest, and optimism). Previous international studies have supported the psychometric properties of the SEHS-S. The present study extended this research by examining the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation with a sample of 1042 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.65.). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original factorial structure, with hierarchical omega between 0.66–0.93, with 0.94 for the total score. Factorial invariance across genders revealed small latent mean differences. A path model evaluated concurrent validity, which revealed a significant association between Covitality and bidimensional mental health (psychological distress and well-being). Specifically, correlational analyses showed a negative association with internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and positive associations with subjective well-being, health-related quality of life, and prosocial behaviors. This study provides an example of a culturally relevant adaptation of an international tool to measure student strengths, which is critical to planning school programming and policy.The Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain (I+D+i Projects, 2017, reference number: PSI2017-88280-R, and Research Networks PSI2015-70943-REDT and PSI2017-90650-REDT) and the Department of Education, Research, Culture, and Sport from Valencian Community of Spain through two grants for the hiring of PhD research assistant awarded to M.R-R. [ACIF/2015/155; VALi+d Program) and R.F. (ACIF/2019/052; VALi+d Program) funded this research
Use of blubber levels of progesterone to determine pregnancy in free-ranging live cetaceans
No full text4 páginas, 1 tabla.We tested the possibility of measuring progesterone levels in bubbler samples collected from free-ranging live bottlenose dolphins (n = 11) and long-finned pilot whales (n = 2) as a tool to evaluate the pregnancy status of individuals. Samples were collected during January 2004 and September–October 2005 in the Strait of Gibraltar and Gulf of Cadiz and used for sex-determination by genetic methods (skin samples) and for quantification of progesterone levels by enzyme immunoassay. Photo-identification tracking of females after taking the biopsy was used to observe the presence of newborns and, in this way, to determine if the female was pregnant at the time of sampling. Mean progesterone levels from pregnant bottlenose dolphins (n = 2) were around 9 times higher than those from non-pregnant females (n = 9), with no overlap between concentration ranges demonstrating that this method could constitute an effective tool for determining pregnancy in wild populations of bottlenose dolphins and other cetacean species.Our study was made possible due to the financial support received during several cetacean campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula. We thank the Foundation Loro Parque, the Foundation Biodiversidad and CEPSA.Peer reviewe
