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Malinche, Malinches, by Juliana Faesler: history/stories of woman/women in the Mexican scene of the 21st century
No full textLa Malinche es uno de los personajes más controvertidos de la historia mexicana y, por ello, también uno de los que ha provocado reflexiones de mayor interés desde el ámbito académico y desde la creación literaria y teatral. Estrenada en 2010, Malinche, Malinches, de Juliana Faesler, es una pieza dramática que se inscribe en toda una tradición previa de interpretación del personaje desde una perspectiva de género y que, en este sentido, ofrece a un tiempo un peculiar acercamiento a la figura histórica y una indagación en torno a la condición de la mujer en el México actual. La Malinche histórica (solo accesible a través de la escritura de otros) se reconstruye a lo largo de la obra de forma compleja, al tiempo que van habitando la escena otras muchas voces de mujeres de las más variadas condiciones en un diálogo que permite a su vez cuestionar el discurso patriarcal hegemónico.La Malinche is one of the most controversial characters in Mexican history and, therefore, one of those who has provoked the most interesting reflections from the scholarly field and from the literary and theatrical creation. Malinche, Malinches, by Juliana Faesler, is a dramatic piece premiered in 2010 that is part of a previous tradition of interpreting the character from a gender perspective. The play offers a peculiar approach to the historical figure and also an inquiry into the condition of women in contemporary Mexico. The historical Malinche (only accessible through the writing of others) is reconstructed throughout the play in a complex way, while many other women's voices of the most varied conditions inhabit the scene in a dialogue that allows to question the hegemonic patriarchal discourse
Delving into teen dating violence, gender and health assets in a participatory educational intervention: A mixed methods evaluation
No full textTeen dating violence (TDV) is a prevalent public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a participatory educational intervention based on the positive youth development (PYD) and gender-transformative approaches to reduce sexism, machista attitudes and increase adolescents’ skills in solving conflicts through different protective health assets. An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted between October 2019 and March 2020. Firstly, a quantitative analysis was carried out to analyze the change after the intervention in sexism, machista attitudes and personal health assets through pre and post on-line questionnaires. Secondly, a qualitative socio-hermeneutical analysis of audiovisual representations, made by participants using a CinemaVoice process, was performed to explore how conflicts among adolescent couples are constructed and resolved. Our findings showed that the combination of the PYD and gender-transformative approaches has beneficial results in the development of health assets to cope with TDV and the decrease of benevolent sexism in general, as well as hostile sexism and machista attitudes in girls after the intervention. Adolescents also showed a work of deconstruction around the myths of romantic love and gender roles that perpetuate different forms of TDV. This study contributes to the TDV prevention field by providing an innovative participatory educational intervention and a novel mixed methods evaluation for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the intervention. Results of this study can serve to guide future strategies to promote healthy relationships among adolescents.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and the Carlos III Health Institute, FEDER and FSE (Reference PI18/00590 and PI18/00544) with the project “Promotion of Gender Violence Protective Assets Among Adolescents and Pre-adolescents”; and the Spanish Ministry of Universities under the grant received from the Programa Nacional de Formación de Profesorado Universitario to the first author (Reference FPU19/00905)
Estreno de las Diosas subterráneas en la sala Xavier Villaurrutia
No full textLas Diosas subterráneas es una propuesta audiovisual de la dramaturga Rocío Carrillo en la que propone el tratamiento de un mito grecolatino para denunciar una realidad en la actual desaparición de personas y, en concreto, de mujeres en México. De manera sorprendente, los espectadores observan el rapto de Penélope, que se entrecruza con el de Luz, siendo ambas arrastradas al mundo subterr´áneo. Mientras tanto, en la superficie, sus familiares las buscan sin descanso
New climate policy, resource abundance, and sectoral FDI
No full textMotivated by the call to action from the United Nations Climate Change Conference COP 28, this paper analyzes the relationship between a country's level of biocapacity, subsoil assets, and sectoral FDI. A theoretical model is developed, with its main innovation being the consideration that biocapacity and environmental regulation synergically impose costs on firms. The model predicts the existence of FDI pollution heaven effects and highlights the role of biocapacity preservation in mitigating possible FDI resource curse impacts. To test these predictions, we utilize a unique dataset of six sectoral FDI inflows for 99 nations over the period from 1984 to 2019. We explore the effects of biocapacity directly and through its interaction with subsoil assets. Our findings corroborate the predictions of the model, revealing that subsoil resources tend to promote extractives (mining) FDI and hurt non-extractives (non-mining) FDI, whereas biocapacity tends to decrease all types of FDI inflows. Strong evidence in favor of the FDI natural resource curse is observed for low-income and high-income countries. Importantly, our empirical results reinforce that biocapacity protection can play a critical role in mitigating this curse
Association between objectively assessed physical activity and kidney function among female agricultural workers in hot environments in Spain
No full textBackground: Physical activity in hot environments has been associated with impaired kidney function. We aimed to quantify the association between occupational physical activity and kidney function over one work shift in female agricultural workers exposed to environmental heat. Methods: We measured occupational physical activity in female berry pickers in Huelva, Spain, using movement intensity, based on vector magnitude units (VMU), and heart rate (HR). For both, we calculated the mean (VMU_mean;HR_mean), standard deviation (VMU_sd; HR_sd), and 3-minute 95th percentile (VMU_p95;HR_p95). Environmental heat in greenhouses was estimated using wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Kidney function and injury were quantified using pre- and post-shift differences in serum creatinine (SCr_dif), Cystatin C (Cystatin C_dif) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL_dif), respectively. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was defined as an increase in post-shift serum creatinine of ≥0.3mg/dl, or ≥1.5 times pre-shift levels. Heat strain was estimated using the ISO 7933:2004 index. We used linear and logistic regressions. Results: Ninety women aged 37.4 ± 5.7 years were exposed to a mean WBGT of 25.2 (±3.6)°C and light intensity physical activity (HR_mean of 94 (±9)bpm). Of those, 26% experienced heat strain, 68% were dehydrated, and 7% presented with AKI at the end of the shift. Higher VMU_sd was associated with higher Scr_dif (β:0.029 (95% CI: 0.00; 0.058) and meeting the threshold for AKI (OR:1.6 (95% CI:0.8; 3.2)), We observed higher NGAL_dif with higher VMU_mean (β:1.944 (95% CI: 0.139;3.748)) per 100 VMU_mean increase. The positive association between HR_mean and SCr_dif was stronger among women with heat strain (interaction p = 0.033). Conclusions and Relevance: In female harvest workers, high means and variations in VMU over a single one shift worked under hot conditions were associated with kidney injury, as assessed by urinary biomarkers, though there is limited evidence for any change in kidney function. Precautiously, large changes in physical activity intensity over one work shift should be avoided to protect from renal injury.This study has been funded by the Carlos III Health Institute (project PI17 / 01555) and co-financed by the European Union (FEDER) “A way to make Europe”. SK (IJC2020-044363-I) and JB (FJC2021-046458-I) received funding from the Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion and Iniciacion, respectively, Fellowships of the Spanish Ministry of Research and Innovation. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, in addition to support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. Neil Pearce and Ben Caplin’s involvement was supported by a Programme Grant (MR/V033743/1) from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC/UKRI)
Post Domesticity. Re-pensando la obsolescencia urbana
No full textPostDomestiCity is an inquiry and speculative exercise into the conditions of obsolescence in the post-industrial city, from a contemporary perspective. Working with three paradigmatic cases that were conceived from industrial logics—the Packard plant in Detroit, Lima’s PREVI neighbourhood, and the Grand’Mare complex in Rouen—, we explore alternative ways of reusing, reprogramming, and redensifying the built environment as alternatives to demolition. Relevant voices in the field of architecture share their approaches and visions of the future for the pre-existing city, helping us imagine post-domesticity in the current climate crisis and socio-technological context. PostDomestiCity, along with Open Building 2.0 (CoLab, 2018) and Open City (Actar, 2020), forms another trilogy by CoLaboratorio, approaching and understanding architecture as a resilient support with enormous transformative potential over time.PostDomestiCity indaga y especula sobre las condiciones de obsolescencia de la ciudad postindustrial, con una mirada contemporánea. Partiendo de tres casos paradigmáticos que se conciben desde una lógica industrial (la fábrica Packard en Detroit, el barrio PREVI en Lima y el complejo Grand’Mare en Ruan) se exploran medios alternativos para reutilizar, reprogramar y redensificar el entorno construido, como alternativa a la demolición. Voces relevantes de la disciplina arquitectónica comparten con nosotros sus modos de actuación y visiones para el futuro de la ciudad preexistente, ayudándonos a imaginar la posdomesticidad en el contexto de la crisis climática y sociotecnológica actual. PostDomestiCity conforma, junto a Open Building 2.0 (CoLab, 2018) y Open City (Actar, 2020), otra trilogía de CoLaboratorio, que entiende la arquitectura como soporte resiliente con un gran potencial de transformación a lo largo del tiempo.MCH (Master in Collective Housing, UPM-ETHZ) y PUCP (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú
Chain Restaurant Calorie Posting Laws, Obesity, and Consumer Welfare
No full textThis paper investigates whether and why laws requiring chain restaurants to post calories on menus and menu boards work. We develop a model of calories consumed that highlights multiple potential channels through which these laws influence choice and that outlines an empirical strategy to disentangle these alternatives. We test the predictions of our model using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on body mass index (BMI) and consumer well-being, as well as our own surveys on how the law influences where people eat and how randomized exposure to calorie information affects feelings towards menu items. Viewed in its totality, our results are consistent with an economic model in which calorie labels influence consumers both by providing salient information and by imposing a welfare-reducing moral cost (or feelings of guilt) on unhealthy eating.We acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01DK107686. Co-authors Price and Jimenez-Gomez would like to thank the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for funding. Jimenez-Gomez is also grateful for the funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the PID2019-107081GB-I00 project; from the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the project “Nudging applied to the improvement of regulation”(RED2018-102761-T); from the Valencian Community, through program PROMETEO/2021/073; from the University Alicante and the Spanish Ministry of Universities, for the program RECUALI21-04, funded by the European Union (Next Generation EU); for the program PID2022-142356NB-I00 financed by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE. Courtemanche and Frisvold are affiliated at NBER and IZA. Price is affiliated at RWI-Essen, and NBER
Synthesis of n-butylcyanoacetate by ultrasonic waves. Kinetic comparison with thermal conditions
No full textFisher’s esterification has been one of the most studied reactions in organic chemistry for esters production. This type of reaction commonly has the disadvantage of being very slow, thus, several alternative methods to accelerate them have been studied. In this work, the reaction between cyanoacetic acid and n-butanol catalyzed with p-toluensulfonic acid has been the objective. The effects of the reactants and the temperature on the reaction rate were studied under different thermal conditions. In addition, the effect of ultrasonic waves on the reaction was also considered. Compared to conventional heating method, the latter favored the reaction rate, being constant up to a certain temperature, after which the cavitation phenomenon does not occur, and the reaction slows down. Finally, using this methodology, no other products or collateral reactions were detected, meaning that the application of ultrasonic waves can be effective in increasing the industrial production of n-butylcyanoacetate
Effect of copper and manganese as active phases in ceria and ceria-praseodymia catalysts for soot combustion in the exhaust of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicles
No full textGasoline direct injection (GDI) engines significantly improve fuel efficiency but also contribute to increased particulate emissions, mainly in the form of soot. This study investigates ceria-praseodymia catalysts containing CuOx or MnOx as active phases for soot oxidation with a view to potential application in catalysed gasoline particulate filters (cGPF). In order to better understand the advantages of using a ceria-praseodymia support, the same formulations were prepared using a model ceria support. Their structural, textural and reducibility properties were systematically investigated, with particular emphasis on oxygen lability studies. CuOx was found to be more effective than MnOx in promoting oxygen lability of the catalysts and 3% loading always showed a better response than 1%, considering the same active phase. Interestingly, the ability for O2 emission at low temperatures seen for ceria-praseodymia catalysts is seen to be favoured by copper species and negatively affected by manganese species. Soot combustion experiments were carried out under inert atmosphere conditions to simulate the most demanding scenarios typical of GDI exhaust gases, highlighting the need for catalysts with high soot oxidation activity and high oxygen lability in both tight and loose contact conditions. The results show that ceria-praseodymia formulations are more effective than any ceria catalyst, although the ceria catalysts have better textural properties than their ceria-praseodymia counterparts. This investigation highlights the importance of optimising ceria-praseodymia formulations and active phase loading under tight contact conditions, while maintaining an effective balance between oxygen lability at low temperature (with interesting correlations found for the ceria-praseodymia catalysts) and BET surface area values under loose contact modes. As a result, the order or activities for all the catalysts investigated was sensitively different with respect to the contact mode, highlighting the impact of selecting the most representative contact mode (loose contact). Furthermore, the improved performance of ceria-praseodymia compared to CeO2 and the greater effectiveness of copper compared to manganese in both contact modes is demonstrated, positioning these materials as particularly advantageous for soot oxidation in GDI exhaust systems.The authors gratefully acknowledge Generalitat Valenciana for financial support (CIPROM/2021/070 project)
Chitin and chitosan quantification in fungal cell wall via Raman spectroscopy
No full textInvestigation of cell wall composition is necessary to understand the interactions between fungi and the environment as it is the external layer exposed to stimuli and detected by other organisms. Pochonia chlamydosporia and Akanthomyces lecanii, two fungal species living in the soil and infecting nematodes and insects, exhibit endophytic interactions with various plant species. Determination of cell wall composition is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying these interactions. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we assessed the relative amounts of chitin and chitosan in the cell walls of P. chlamydosporia (PC123) and A. lecanii (69NZ, 85SCT, 126KNY, and 447SAF) via Raman spectroscopy. The isolate with the highest chitosan percentage was 69NZ, followed by 85SCT, PC123, 447SAF, and 126KNY. Moreover, combination with conventional approaches for chitin and chitosan quantification yielded quantitative results for all cell wall components. Overall, these results highlight the mechanisms by which fungi exhibit chitosan resistance and avoid detection by the host plant during root colonization.This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León and the EU-FEDER program (CLU-2019-04 and VA210P20), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the EU NextGenerationEU/PRTR program (PLEC2021-007705), and project PID-2020-119734RB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation