53 research outputs found
Improved Surface Reflectance from Remote Sensing Data with Sub-Pixel Topographic Information
No full textSeveral methods currently exist to efficiently correct topographic effects on the radiance measured by satellites. Most of those methods use topographic information and satellite data at the same spatial resolution. In this study, the 30 m spatial resolution data of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) are used to account for those topographic effects when retrieving land surface reflectance from satellite data at lower spatial resolution (e.g., 1 km). The methodology integrates the effects of sub-pixel topography on the estimation of the total irradiance received at the surface considering direct, diffuse and terrain irradiance. The corrected total irradiance is then used to compute the topographically corrected surface reflectance. The proposed method has been developed to be applied on various kilometric pixel size satellite data. In this study, it was tested and validated with synthetic Landsat data aggregated at 1 km. The results obtained after a sub-pixel topographic correction are compared with the ones obtained after a pixel level topographic correction and show that in rough terrain, the sub-pixel topography correction method provides better results even if it tends to slightly overestimate the retrieved land surface reflectance in some cases.Geoscience & Remote SensingCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Correction of sub-pixel topographical effects on land surface albedo retrieved from geostationary satellite (FengYun-2D) observations
No full textThe Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is characterised by a very strong relief which affects albedo retrieval from satellite data. The objective of this study is to highlight the effects of subpixel topography and to account for those effects when retrieving land surface albedo from geostationary satellite FengYun-2D (FY-2D) data with 1.25km spatial resolution using the high spatial resolution (30 m) data of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ASTER. The methodology integrates the effects of sub-pixel topography on the estimation of the total irradiance received at the surface, allowing the computation of the topographically corrected surface reflectance. Furthermore, surface albedo is estimated by applying the parametric BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) model called RPV (Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete) to the terrain corrected surface reflectance. The results, evaluated against ground measurements collected over several experimental sites on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, document the advantage of integrating the sub-pixel topography effects in the land surface reflectance at 1km resolution to estimate the land surface albedo. The results obtained after using sub-pixel topographic correction are compared with the ones obtained after using pixel level topographic correction. The preliminary results imply that, in highly rugged terrain, the sub-pixel topography correction method gives more accurate results. The pixel level correction tends to overestimate surface albedo.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Management systems in irrigated rice affect physical and chemical soil properties
No full textLowland soils are commonly found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern of Brazil, where they represent around 20% of the total area. Deficient drainage is the most important natural characteristic of these soils which therefore are mainly in use for irrigated rice (Oriza sativa). Degradation in these soils is progressively getting stronger since the intensity of agricultural activities leads to a higher soil density, and a lower water infiltration rate. There is a growing interest by farmers to grow other crops such as soybean in rotation with (flood) irrigated rice but this degradation has become an obstacle to do so. This study was done with the objective to assess the soil physical and chemical quality of the three rice management systems (conventional, semi-direct and pre-germinated) most used in the region of Camaquã municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Samples were collected from 21 rice farms with 2 different types of lowland soil (Albaqualf and Humaquepts). The soil samples were analysed for physical and chemical properties. Using multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova), the effects of the natural variability in terms of soil clay content were separated from the management effects. The analysis revealed that soil physical and chemical properties were affected by the management practices adopted by farmers. The results showed that the major effect of the management systems was on a physical property: bulk density. An increase in soil density in the pre-germinated and conventional systems was found to be caused by a significant reduction in the volume occupied by micropores, an indication of structural degradation. The semi-direct management system, associated with less intensive tillage operations retained better soil conditions and a better organic matter status. The chemical properties significantly affected by management (total N, Ca, Mg, Fe, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and potential acidity [PA]) all had their highest values in the semi-direct management system. This study confirmed that the physical soil degradation forms the main obstacle for growing other crops in a rotation with ric
Magnetic Fields in Elliptical Galaxies: An Observational Probe of the Fluctuation Dynamo Action
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Galactic magnetic fields and hierarchical galaxy formation
No full textA framework is introduced for coupling the evolution of galactic magnetic fields sustained by the mean-field dynamo with the formation and evolution of galaxies in cold dark matter cosmology. Estimates of the steady-state strength of the large-scale and turbulent magnetic fields from mean-field and fluctuation dynamo models are used together with galaxy properties predicted by semi-analytic models of galaxy formation for a population of spiral galaxies. We find that the field strength is mostly controlled by the evolving gas content of the galaxies. Thus, because of the differences in the implementation of the star formation law, feedback from supernovae and ram-pressure stripping, each of the galaxy formation models considered predicts a distribution of field strengths with unique features. The most prominent of them is the difference in typical magnetic field strengths obtained for the satellite and central galaxy populations as well as the typical strength of the large-scale magnetic field in galaxies of different mass
A importância do cirurgião dentista antes e após o transplante de medula óssea: uma revisão de literatura
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.O transplante de medula óssea (TMO) é, atualmente, o tratamento de eleição para diversas doenças que afetam a produção de células mãe hematopoiéticas e de elementos do sistema imunológico. A fim de evitar uma possível rejeição do transplante, são necessárias medidas complementares como a radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia; contudo, tais medidas podem trazer conseqüências indesejáveis para o paciente, incluindo complicações orais. Tendo isto em vista, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: estabelecer se possível, um protocolo de atendimento odontológico pré e pós-transplante de medula óssea associado à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia; reconhecer as principais complicações orais decorrentes do TMO associado à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia; investigar medidas de prevenção e tratamento das complicações orais decorrentes do TMO associado à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia, com enfoque na mucosite oral; demonstrar a participação do cirurgião dentista como profissional importante na melhora da saúde oral destes pacientes. A partir da revisão da literatura relacionada verificou-se que a mucosite aparece como a manifestação oral mais prevalente, sendo também citados com freqüência outras alterações como hipossalivação, xerostomia, infecções virais, fúngicas e bacterianas. Estabeleceu-se que o cirurgião dentista possui papel importante na melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente submetido ao TMO, através da remoção de possíveis focos de infecção da cavidade oral previamente ao transplante, orientações ao paciente a respeito da dieta mais apropriada, instituição de medidas de higiene oral, orientações sobre o uso de medicamentos quando necessário, manejo da dor em complicações já instaladas e, mais recentemente, do emprego da laserterapia de baixa potência como coadjuvante na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral
Análise dos níveis de sobrecarga de cuidadores de idosos institucionalizados
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Fonoaudiologia.Introdução: O aumento da população idosa é uma realidade atualmente. A institucionalização de idosos tende a crescer junto com o envelhecimento populacional. O cuidador de idosos aparece como o profissional que mantém maior proximidade desses indivíduos. O ato de cuidar gera sobrecarga nesses profissionais podendo levar ao aparecimento de sintomas psiquiátricos, fadiga, uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos e outras condições que diminuam a qualidade de vida deles. Objetivo: Caracterizar a população de estudo e analisar os níveis de sobrecarga de cuidadores formais de idosos institucionalizados. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada com cuidadores formais de idosos, em duas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos, sendo uma privada e outra pública, no município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Foram utilizados dois questionários, sendo um de caracterização sociodemográfica e outro quanto a análise do conhecimento sobre a atuação fonoaudiológica e por fim, um questionário para avaliar os níveis de sobrecarga de cuidadores. Resultados: Observou-se que 100% da população é do sexo feminino, a média etária foi de 42,25 anos, o tempo de atuação como cuidador foi em média 78,94 meses e a carga horária diária foi 10,38 horas. Percebeu-se que cuidadores formais de idosos apresentaram níveis de sobrecarga, variando de “severo” a “leve a moderado”. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a atividade formal do ato cuidar gera sobrecarga ao profissional cuidador. Acredita-se que a atuação do cuidador e do fonoaudiólogo deva acontecer de forma integrada e atender as necessidades de todas as partes envolvidas.Background: The increasing of elderly population is a actual reality The elderly institutionalization tends to grow with the population aging. The elderly caregiver appears as the professional who keeps closer to these individuals. The act of caring generates burden on these professionals and can lead to the appearance of psychiatric symptoms, fatigue, use of psychotropic medications and other conditions that reduce their quality of life. Objective: To analyze the burden levels of institutionalized elderly´s caregivers. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with a qualitative and quantitative approach, conducted with caregivers of elderly patients in two long-stay institutions for the elderly, one private and other public, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Two questionnaires were used, being one about sociodemographic characterization and other regarding the knowledge about the speech, language and hearing performance and finally, a questionnaire to assess the caregivers burden level. Results: It was observed that 100% of the population was female, the mean age was 42.25 years, the time of work as a caregiver was an average 78.94 months and the daily work was 10.38 hours formal elderly caregivers presented burden levels, varying from "severe" to "mild to moderate". Conclusion: It is concluded that the formal care generates caregivers burden. It is believed that the caregiver performance and the speech, language and hearing therapist should happen in an integrated way and assist the needs of all parties involved
Survival And Initial Growth Of Ocotea Pulchella (lauraceae) In A Restinga Forest At Ilha Do Cardoso, Sp [sobrevivência E Crescimento Inicial De Ocotea Pulchella (lauraceae) Em Uma Floresta De Restinga Da Ilha Do Cardoso, Sp]
No full textThe aiming of this work was to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on both the survival and initial growth of Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez at a restinga forest. The tests consisted of transplanting seedlings classified into two age groups (seedlings and juveniles) in different areas selected as for plant covering (gaps or understorey) and soil moisture (dry or wet). Both seedlings and juveniles presented the highest mortality rate when they were planted in the 'wet understorey', in which the lowest soil fertility and irradiance levels were recorded. Seedling survival correlated positively with growth, which was promoted in gaps, suggesting a dependence of the species on more lighted environments, although O. pulchella can occupy the understorey in more open physiognomies such as restinga forest. The juveniles survival correlated mainly with edaphic factors; the growth in height was very low and no significant increase in leaf area and dry weight was observed in any of the environments, what can be related to the oligotrophic characteristics of the soil. Juveniles planted in 'wet understorey' presented the lowest height, leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf mass ratio and net assimilation rate values, suggesting that the species recruitment in the restinga can be reduced in environments with low irradiances and waterlogged soils. However, the somehow generalist character of the species in response to irradiance levels and soil moisture may suggest a high ability of O. pulchella in colonizing distinct micro-environments at restinga, in which environmental factors may fluctuate greatly over time and space.634763774Araujo, D.S.D., Henriques, R.B.P., Análise florística das restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro (1984) Restingas: Origem, Estrutura, Processos. 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Evolution of galactic magnetic fields
No full textWe study the cosmic evolution of the magnetic fields of a large sample of spiral galaxies in a cosmologically representative volume by employing a semi-analytic galaxy formation model and numerical dynamo solver in tandem. We start by deriving time- and radius-dependent galaxy properties using the GALFORM galaxy formation model, which are then fed into the non-linear mean-field dynamo equations. These are solved to give the large-scale (mean) field as a function of time and galactocentric radius for a thin disc, assuming axial symmetry. A simple prescription for the evolution of the small-scale (random) magnetic field component is also adopted. We find that, while most massive galaxies are predicted to have large-scale magnetic fields at redshift z = 0, a significant fraction of them is expected to contain negligible large-scale field. Our model indicates that, for most of the galaxies containing large-scale magnetic fields today, the mean-field dynamo becomes active at z < 3. Moreover, the typical magnetic field strength at any given galactic stellar mass is predicted to decline with time up until the present epoch, in agreement with our earlier results. We compute the radial profiles of pitch angle, and find broad agreement with observational data for nearby galaxies
The effects of parturition season and suckling mode on the puerperium of santa ines ewes and on the weight gain of lambs
No full textSeventy-seven ewes were randomly divided into groups according to parturition season and suckling mode [Rainy season: continuous (n=14) and controlled (n=13); Dry season: continuous (n=25) and controlled (n=25)]. The controlled suckling mode, in both seasons, resulted in a decrease in variables, intervals between parturition and first estrus (reduction of 27.11 and 11.46 days for rainy and dry season, respectively; P<0.05) and between parturition and estrus of conception (reduction of 12.81 and 13.58 days, for rainy and dry season, respectively; P<0.05). As to the lambs, the weight gain was higher in animals subjected to controlled suckling in relation to continuous, especially when lambing occurred in the rainy season (17.83±0.56 vs. 13.95±0.52kg for Lambs' weight at 90 days old, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that controlled suckling management is better indicated for the Amazonian region, since it allows the ewes to have a shorter puerperium period and the lambs exhibit higher weight gain.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SPUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CEUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PAUniversidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CEUnesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, S
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