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Problems and Progress in Defining Terrorism in International Law
No full textThere is an effort to adopt an internationally-accepted legal definition for ‘terrorism’ since such definition will enhance international cooperation in fighting terrorism, which at the moment is fragmented and ineffective. However, various obstacles e.g. political heterogeneity or ideological discrepancy arise when seeking a uniformed definition of terrorism, hence this study. Dunia internasional berupaya untuk menetapkan definisi legal ‘terorisme’ yang diterima secara umum karena definisi ini dapat meningkatkan kerjasama internasional dalam melawan terorisme yang saat ini masih terkotak-kotak dan tidak efektif. Tulisan ini membahas pelbagai kesulitan yang muncul dalam upaya mencari definisi tersebut, seperti masalah keragaman politik dan kesenjangan ideologi antarnegara.</p
Tanggung jawab hukum amerika serikat dan indonesia atas penahanan tanpa batas waktu dan tanpa proses peradilan yang fair terhadap hambali (wni) di penjara guantanamo bay kuba
No full textArtikel ini akan mengeksplorasi dan membuktikan bahwa penahanan tanpa batas waktu (indefinite detention) dan penahanan tanpa proses peradilan yang fair (detention without fair trial) serta berbagai bentuk perlakuan yang tidak manusiawi (inhuman treatment) yang telah dilakukan otoritas Amerika Serikat (AS) terhadap para tahanan, khususnya Hambali (WNI) di penjara Guantanamo dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran terhadap Hukum Humaniter Internasional (International Humanitarian Law) dan Hukum HAM Internasional (International Human Rights Law). Penulis juga akan memperlihatkan dan membuktikan bahwa tidak hanya pemerintah AS yang dapat dimintakan pertanggung jawaban hukumnya, tetapi pemerintah Indonesia pun dapat dimintakan pertanggung jawaban hukumnya atas pelanggaran terhadap hukum nasional yaitu UU No.37 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hubungan Luar Negeri dan UU No.39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia
Legal and Political Implications of Designating the Free Papua Movement as a Terrorist Organization
No full textProblems and Progress in Defining Terrorism in International Law
Get PDFThere is an effort to adopt an Internationally-accepted legal definition for ‘terrorism' since such definition will enhance International cooperation in fighting terrorism, which at the moment is fragmented and ineffective. However, various obstacles e.g. political heterogeneity or ideological discrepancy arise when seeking a uniformed definition of terrorism, hence this study. Dunia Internasional berupaya untuk menetapkan definisi legal ‘terorisme' yang diterima secara umum karena definisi ini dapat meningkatkan kerjasama Internasional dalam melawan terorisme yang saat ini masih terkotak-kotak dan tidak efektif. Tulisan ini membahas pelbagai kesulitan yang muncul dalam upaya mencari definisi tersebut, seperti masalah keragaman politik dan kesenjangan ideologi antarnegara
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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