48 research outputs found
Impact assessment of urban wet-weather sewer discharges on the Vernavola river (Northern Italy)
No full textThe research concerned the ecological impact assessment of urban wet-weather sewer discharges on the Vernavola river (Pavia, Northern Italy) focusing both on the sewer system and the receiving natural environment. The complexity of the urban drainage system (combined sewer networks, pumping stations, stormwater storage tanks, etc.) was characterised through in situ inspections, measurements and numerical modelling. Various dry- and wet-weather monitoring campaigns on the Vernavola river provided the water quality tracers according to Italian standards: dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate and Escherichia coli. The quality analyses were also devoted to the study of the macro-benthic community.
Both the chemical and biological river quality appeared significantly affected by sewer overflow contaminants. During storm events the receiver ecosystem was severely loaded with organic pollution (wet-weather discharges were equivalent to a civil sewer discharge of about 68.000 population equivalent) and the biodiversity of the benthonic organisms populating the stream was reduced by the physical modification of the habitat. These sampling and modelling studies provided the priority support information for promoting solutions and management strategies on the entire chain “sewer system-treatment plant-receiving natural environment” necessary to reach the stream quality objectives
Male ablata. La restitution des biens mal acquis, XIIe-XVe siècles. Etudes réunies par Jean-Louis Gaulin et Giacomo Todeschini
No full textInternational audienceDans l’Occident médiéval, à partir du XIIe siècle, la question des biens mal acquis rencontre celle de la restitution, cet acte par lequel le bon chrétien s’engage à rendre les richesses acquises illicitement pour être en accord avec l’enseignement de l’Église et avec sa conscience. Les male ablata ont souvent pour origine - mais non exclusivement - des relations de crédit abusives, usuraires, que la restitution permet précisément de réparer en indemnisant, directement ou indirectement, les débiteurs lésés.Du XIIe au XVe siècle, des sources variées documentent ce mouvement de restitutio male ablatorum, depuis les dispositions pontificales, les questions théologiques et les commentaires des canonistes jusqu’aux testaments et donations inter vivos, en passant par des promesses de restitution ou des actes judiciaires. Pour interroger cette documentation, il importe avant tout de se dégager d’un a priori historiographique très répandu qui en réduit la portée à une simple moralisation hypocrite, pour satisfaire l’Église, des pratiques économiques des marchands médiévaux. Les textes réunis dans ce volume s’appuient sur des dossiers documentaires inédits et apportent une première réponse aux questions historiques posées par la restitution des biens mal acquis : quels en furent les acteurs, les bénéficiaires et les intermédiaires, quelles en furent les modalités, la chronologie et la place dans les sociétés médiévales
Male ablata
No full textDans l’Occident médiéval, à partir du XIIe siècle, la question des biens mal acquis rencontre celle de la restitution, cet acte par lequel le bon chrétien s’engage à rendre les richesses acquises illicitement pour être en accord avec l’enseignement de l’Église et avec sa conscience. Les male ablata ont souvent pour origine - mais non exclusivement - des relations de crédit abusives, usuraires, que la restitution permet précisément de réparer en indemnisant, directement ou indirectement, les débiteurs lésés. Du XIIe au XVe siècle, des sources variées documentent ce mouvement de restitutio male ablatorum, depuis les dispositions pontificales, les questions théologiques et les commentaires des canonistes jusqu’aux testaments et donations inter vivos, en passant par des promesses de restitution ou des actes judiciaires. Pour interroger cette documentation, il importe avant tout de se dégager d’un a priori historiographique très répandu qui en réduit la portée à une simple moralisation hypocrite, pour satisfaire l’Église, des pratiques économiques des marchands médiévaux. Les textes réunis dans ce volume s’appuient sur des dossiers documentaires inédits et apportent une première réponse aux questions historiques posées par la restitution des biens mal acquis : quels en furent les acteurs, les bénéficiaires et les intermédiaires, quelles en furent les modalités, la chronologie et la place dans les sociétés médiévales
Macromycetes of the hills of the Province of Bologna (Italy): presentation of a new check-list
No full textThe authors present a 2014 updated list of 1,110 macromycetes found in the hilly territory of the Province of Bologna , Italy, covering about 1,200 km2 at an altitude ranging mainly between 100 and 600 m. a.s.l.. Moreover, some shorter lists have been extracted from the data, including 36 "very rare" mushrooms (in Italy known only in the Province of Bologna), 20 "rare" (known only in Emilia-Romagna), 86 "vulnerable" (no longer found in the last 22 years in the territory investigated) and 6 which the European Council for Conservation of Fungi has proposed for protection at the European level. The authors suggest a deepening of studies of the entities on these lists, with a census of locations and habitats, aimed at their protection and at the conservation of their natural environments
Safety of Monkeypox Vaccine Using Active Surveillance, Two-Center Observational Study in Italy
No full textIn August 2022, Italy launched a vaccination campaign to combat the spread of the monkeypox virus, which the WHO has designated as a public health emergency. Priority targets for the campaign included laboratory personnel and men who have sex with men with specific risk criteria. Primary immunization involved two doses of the Imvanex/Jynneos vaccine, followed by a single booster dose. We conducted a study in two Italian towns, Bologna and Forl ì, in October and November 2022 to investigate adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) of the monkeypox vaccine through participant-based active surveillance. Participants who received the vaccine and were aged 18 and over were invited to complete an e-questionnaire by scanning a QR code during their second vaccine appointment or by email one month after the booster dose. A descriptive analysis of AEFI incidences was conducted, with the results stratified by type and severity of symptoms. A total of 135 first-dose, 50 second-dose, and 6 single-dose recipients were included, with a mean age of 36.4 & PLUSMN; 8.7 years. Systemic reactions after the first and second doses were reported by 39.3% and 26.0% of participants, respectively, with asthenia being the most common symptom. Local site reactions were reported by 97.0% and 100.0% of participants, respectively, with redness, swelling, and itching being the most common local AEFIs. Grade 3 or 4 AEFIs were reported for local AEFIs only by 16.8% and 14.0% of participants after the first and second doses, respectively. Our findings suggest that the monkeypox vaccine has a high tolerability profile in terms of short-term common systemic AEFIs. However, the high incidence and severity of local AEFIs highlight the need to monitor their persistence following intradermal administration of the vaccine
The Role of Needle Fear in Pediatric Flu Vaccine Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bologna Metropolitan Area
No full text(1) Background: vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and reduce its complications. The main aim of the study is to assess a possible increase of parents’/caregivers’ pediatric flu vaccination adherence due to a nasal administration as an alternative to injection in Bologna. (2) Methods: 169 parents/guardians of children who were joining the COVID-19 pediatric vaccination session in Bologna were interviewed. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of the change in flu vaccine uptake if offered without injection administration. All analyses were conducted using STATA and R-Studio software. (3) Results: Only 29.0% of parents were informed about pediatric flu vaccination by pediatricians, and 32.5% heard about pediatric flu vaccination. Almost 72.2% of parents declared that they would not have their children vaccinated against influenza. Thus, 40.2% of them changed their opinion after being informed about the existence of a non-injective vaccine. Needle fear in children turned out to be a determinant of this opinion change (OR = 3.79; 95% CI = 1.63–9.43; p = 0.003). (4) Conclusions: the study has confirmed that needle fear is a determinant of vaccine hesitancy and that a different method of administration may increase parents’/guardians’ adherence
Test combination to detect latent Leishmania infection: a prevalence study in a newly endemic area for L. infantum, northeastern Italy [Dataset]
No full textArtículo disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/15295Background: Most people infected with Leishmania remain asymptomatic, which is a common element that may promote the resurgence of clinically evident leishmaniasis in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immune responses. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted assay to identify asymptomatic infection. This cross-sectional study focuses on the employment of three methods targeting different features of the parasitic infection to be used in combination for the screening of latent leishmaniasis in a newly endemic area of northeastern Italy. Methodology/Principle findings: The selected methods included highly sensitive Real-Time PCR for detection of parasitic kinetoplast (k)DNA in peripheral blood, Western Blot (WB) for detection of specific IgG, and Whole Blood stimulation Assay (WBA) to evaluate the anti-leishmanial T-cell response by quantifying the production of IL-2 after stimulation of patients’ blood with Leishmania specific antigens. Among 145 individuals, living in a municipality of the Bologna province, northeastern Italy, recruited and screened for Leishmania infection, 23 subjects tested positive (15.9%) to one or more tests. Positive serology was the most common marker of latent leishmaniasis (15/145, 10%), followed by the detection of specific cell-mediated response (12/145, 8%), while only few individuals (6/145, 4%) harbored parasitic DNA in the blood. Conclusions/Significance: Combining different tests substantially increased the yield of positivity in detecting latent Leishmania infection. The test combination that we employed in this study appears to be effective to accurately identify latent leishmaniasis in an endemic area.S
Chapter Spazi e tempi della libertà economica
No full textThe author focuses on the urban world to reformulate the question traditionally interpreted in terms of the entrepreneurial freedom of late medieval merchants: even in this context the notion of libertas, rather than absolutely defining the economic action of groups or people, was related in terms functional to their social and political qualities. The analysis of Italian city legislation, in particular of the regulations of the arts and of the market, highlights how the different degrees of belonging to the civitas guaranteed the spaces for economic action and commercial times: full freedom remained firmly in the hands of a few family groups and privileged while in the market squares of Italian cities farmers, artisans and traders and the vast world of subordinate work were destined to remain subordinate actors
