306,604 research outputs found
Effect of low-dose transdermal E2/NETA on the reduction of postmenopausal bone loss in women
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To assess the efficacy of a continuous-combined transdermal patch (estradiol/ norethisterone acetate [E(2)/NETA] 25/125; Estragest TTS, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) in the reduction of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
DESIGN:
In a 96-week, double-blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel study, 124 healthy women with an intact uterus more than 4 years after menopause received either transdermal continuous-combined E(2)/NETA (0.025/0.125 mg/day) or placebo patch for 24 treatment cycles; diet was normalized for calcium intake. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) ranged from 0.969 to 0.805 g/cm2 with a mean annual BMD decrement ranging from 3% to 8% within the last 24 months. BMD at lumbar spine L(2)-L(4) (postero-anterior) and femur were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry after 6, 12, and 24 cycles. Efficacy variables included measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover (3, 6, 12, and 24 months).
RESULTS:
BMD at lumbar spine was significantly higher at all time points in the E(2)/NETA group than in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Significant increases in BMD (P < 0.0008) from baseline were observed at all sites after 24 months in the E(2)/NETA group compared with placebo, which demonstrated a decrease from baseline. At endpoint, statistically significant decrements in the values of bone remodeling markers were observed (P < 0.05) with E(2)/NETA.
CONCLUSIONS:
E(2)/NETA 25/125 Estragest TTS was more effective than placebo in reducing the activation frequency of bone remodeling and in preventing bone loss at the spine and hip. Effects on the hip were similar to those observed for higher doses of estrogen
IDENTIFIKASI FORMALIN PADA BEBERAPA JENIS IKAN ASIN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FEHLING A DAN FEHLING B DI PUSAT PASAR KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2021
No full textDried fish is a result of the salting and drying process. Low water content in salted fish is due to absorption by salt and evaporation caused by heat from the sun. There are several types of food that are added with additives that are prohibited from being added to food so that the food is more durable and looks better. Food ingredients that use food additives that are not in accordance with the provisions have a direct influence on the degree of human health. Formalin is not a food additive and is prohibited from being added to food. The purpose of the study was to identify the presence or absence of formalin in several types of salted fish which are traded in the market center of Medan city using the Fehling A and Fehling B methods. The place of this research was carried out in the chemical laboratory, USM Indonesia Medan. In the results of research that has been carried out on 20 samples of salted fish, it shows that salted fish samples with codes F5 and F12 contain formalin. The sample codes F5 and F12 gave a red precipitate after being heated which previously added 1 mL of Fehling A and Fehling B and 18 other samples did not show a red precipitate. After observing all samples, there were 2 samples that were positive for formalin from 20 samples of salted fish studied which were declared ineligible in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia NO.722|MENKES|PER|IX|88 concerning food additives
DETERMINAÇÃO DE GLICÍDIOS REDUTORES DE LACTOSE PELO MÉTODO FEHLING EM LEITES SEM LACTOSE
No full textDETERMINAÇÃO DE GLICÍDIOS REDUTORES DE LACTOSE PELO MÉTODO FEHLING EM LEITES SEM LACTOSE
A lactose é o carboidrato presente no leite e desempenha um papel muito importante
na tecnologia de derivados lácteos, representando em torno de 4 a 6% dos sólidos
totais não gordurosos. É um dissacarídeo formado por dois monossacarídeos, glicose
e galactose. A intolerância à lactose, tem feito o comercio de produtos sem lactose,
crescerem significativamente no mercado consumidor, essa intolerância consiste na
má digestão e absorção proveniente da redução da atividade da enzima βgalactosidase, também conhecida como lactase, que possui a capacidade de
hidrolisar a lactose. De acordo com a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
(ANVISA), produtos sem lactose ou baixa concentração devem expressar a
informação na rotulagem de forma clara e objetiva, não permitindo que consumidores
sejam induzidos aos erros de consumo. Dessa forma, a determinação de lactose
mostra-se uma análise relevante, pois através de seus resultados é possível
estabelecer o valor nutricional e a composição centesimal do leite, e
consequentemente o enquadramento estabelecido nos padrões de qualidades
previstos nas Instrução Normativa nº 76, de 26 de novembro de 2018. Muitos estudos
na literatura apresentam a metodologia de Fehling, que é comumente utilizada em
laboratórios de alimentos, para determinar e quantificar a lactose de produtos lácteos,
inclusive de produtos Zero Lactose, porém é importante salientar que por mais que os
produtos sejam isentos de lactose, há presença dos açucares redutores. Com isso, o
objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os açucares redutores em lactose de quatro
marcas leites, sem lactose denominados A, B, C e D, adquiridos no comércio local.
Este estudo foi realizado no laboratório de análises químicas, ambientais e
toxicológicas (LAQAT) da Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Bagé.
Inicialmente a solução de Fehling foi padronizada utilizando metodologia oficial do
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Foi transferido 25ml da
amostra para um balão de 500ml. Adicionou-se 400ml de água, 8,8ml de solução de
hidróxido de sódio 0,5N e 10ml de sulfato de cobre a 6,925%. Após foi feita a
homogeneização e completou-se o volume (500ml) com água, invertendo para a
sedimentação. Na sequência foi filtrado com papel filtro e se transferiu o filtrado para
uma bureta de 50ml. Em um erlermeyer foi transferido 10ml de Licor de Fehling, 40ml
de água destilada e barra magnética. Foi aquecido até ebulição e titulando a solução
da bureta (filtrado de lactose) sobre a solução de Fehling em ebulição, até que a
coloração azul passe a incolor e no fundo do balão fique um resíduo vermelho. Os
resultados obtidos com as análises realizadas apresentaram para o leite A 5,91% de
açucares redutores, B 6,72%, C 6,38% e D 7,47%. Esses resultados indicam que a
ausência de lactose não implica na ausência de açucares presentes no leite, sendo
que o método Fehling irá quantificar qualquer tipo de açúcar presente no leite, sendo
então descartando o método para a utilização de determinação de lactose em
produtos Zero Lactose, como já descrito em alguns trabalhos. Vale salientar, que os
produtos sem lactose não estão isentos de galactose e glicose, que são os açucares
redutores da lactose, demonstrando com esses resultados que nas amostras
analisadas há presença significativa de açucares, não necessariamente a presença
da lactose. Diante do exposto, concluímos que a quantidade de açucares encontrado
nesse estudo enquadra-se ao preconizado na IN 76 de 2018, do MAPA, que é no
mínimo 4%. Ainda, destacamos que o método de Fehling é destinado para
determinação de açucares, onde para a determinação de Zero Lactose faz-se
necessário o emprego de outras metodologias
Shear strengthening of prestressed concrete beams with UHPFRC – a numerical study
No full textAccepted Author ManuscriptConcrete Structure
Histoire d'un réactif : la liqueur de Fehling : E. Cattelain, in La Pharmacie Française, 1930
No full textGuitard Eugène-Humbert. Histoire d'un réactif : la liqueur de Fehling : E. Cattelain, in La Pharmacie Française, 1930. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 18ᵉ année, n°69, 1930. p. 124
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Histoire d'un réactif : la liqueur de Fehling : E. Cattelain, in La Pharmacie Française, 1930
No full textGuitard Eugène-Humbert. Histoire d'un réactif : la liqueur de Fehling : E. Cattelain, in La Pharmacie Française, 1930. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 18ᵉ année, n°69, 1930. p. 124
Trastuzumab (Herceptin (R)): Monoclonal antibody in the treatment of HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer in the metastatic and (neo)adjuvant situation
No full textTrastuzumab (Herceptin (R)) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets HER2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) breast cancer cells, which are overexpressed in about 25-30% of breast carcinomas. After phase I and II trials, several phase III studies of trastuzumab alone or in combination with various chemotherapies were conducted. Patients with HER2/neu overexpression levels of 3+ determined by immunohistochemical assay or gene amplification (fluorescence in situ hybridization) derive most clinical benefit from trastuzumab. Taking into consideration efficacy and side effect profile, the combination of trastuzumab and paclitaxel showed an improvement of all clinical parameters, including overall survival, for the first time in the history of palliative breast cancer therapy. The application of trastuzumab has meanwhile become an established part of systemic therapy of metastastic breast cancer, and excellent data of its application in the adjuvant setting now exist (NSABP-B31, NCCTG-N9831, HERA), with significantly better relapse-free survival in the treatment arms with trastuzumab. Ongoing trials investigate the role of trastuzumab in the neoadjuvant setting. Trastuzumab is generally well tolerated. Cardiotoxicity is the main concern, thus monitoring of cardiac function is recommended
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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