38 research outputs found
Exploring the role of facial emotional expressions in charitable giving
No full textPresenting pictures of people in need is perhaps one of the most widely used strategies that charities adopt to collect donations. Surprisingly, the literature is currently divided on what emotional expression works best: some suggest that victims in distress elicit empathy in donors and subsequent donations, while others argue that victims displaying happy faces boost giving by tuning the donors to positive emotions. Because of these puzzling results and the practical implications for charities, understanding when happy (or sad) emotional expressions elicit giving is important for both theoretical and practical reasons. First, the simple effect of facial expressions was tested, using a validated photo database, to control for the effect of potentially interfering factors, such as the colour and frame of the picture. Secondly, I tested whether presenting the beneficiary of help alone (separate evaluation: SE) or in a comparative context (joint evaluation: JE) could impact donation decisions, through the mediation of perceived efficacy. Finally, I expanded these results by recording fixation times during donation choices in a JE, through the use of an eye-tracker. I also considered the potential effect of experiential avoidance in guiding visual exploration and decisions in such a paradigm. Throughout the first two studies, I found that donations are higher for the happy child, compared to the neutral child, while there is no difference in donations to the neutral vs. sad children. JE, though, improves donations to the sad child, by increasing the perceived efficacy of donating to that child. Finally, the third study proved that fixation time predicts donation decisions, and adds on to the previous literature on efficacy in that looking longer at a sad child decreases the perceived efficacy of donations, confirming the hypothesis that the use of sad children can have a negative impact on donations by decreasing how effective the help is perceived as. Experiential avoidance, on the contrary, was not found to influence neither visual exploration of the two pictures, nor donation choices.Presenting pictures of people in need is perhaps one of the most widely used strategies that charities adopt to collect donations. Surprisingly, the literature is currently divided on what emotional expression works best: some suggest that victims in distress elicit empathy in donors and subsequent donations, while others argue that victims displaying happy faces boost giving by tuning the donors to positive emotions. Because of these puzzling results and the practical implications for charities, understanding when happy (or sad) emotional expressions elicit giving is important for both theoretical and practical reasons. First, the simple effect of facial expressions was tested, using a validated photo database, to control for the effect of potentially interfering factors, such as the colour and frame of the picture. Secondly, I tested whether presenting the beneficiary of help alone (separate evaluation: SE) or in a comparative context (joint evaluation: JE) could impact donation decisions, through the mediation of perceived efficacy. Finally, I expanded these results by recording fixation times during donation choices in a JE, through the use of an eye-tracker. I also considered the potential effect of experiential avoidance in guiding visual exploration and decisions in such a paradigm. Throughout the first two studies, I found that donations are higher for the happy child, compared to the neutral child, while there is no difference in donations to the neutral vs. sad children. JE, though, improves donations to the sad child, by increasing the perceived efficacy of donating to that child. Finally, the third study proved that fixation time predicts donation decisions, and adds on to the previous literature on efficacy in that looking longer at a sad child decreases the perceived efficacy of donations, confirming the hypothesis that the use of sad children can have a negative impact on donations by decreasing how effective the help is perceived as. Experiential avoidance, on the contrary, was not found to influence neither visual exploration of the two pictures, nor donation choices
Surface-Based Cortical Measures in Multimodal Association Brain Regions Predict Chess Expertise
No full textThe complex structure of the brain supports high-order cognition, which is crucial for mastering chess. Surface-based measures, including the fractional dimension (FD) and gyrification index (GI), may be more sensitive in detecting cortical changes relative to volumetric indexes. For this reason, structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 29 chess experts and 29 novice participants were analyzed using the CAT12 toolbox. FD and GI for each brain region were compared between the groups. A multivariate model was used to identify surface-based brain measures that can predict chess expertise. In chess experts, FD is increased in the left frontal operculum (p < 0.01), and this change correlates with the starting age of chess practice (ρ = −0.54, p < 0.01). FD is decreased in the right superior parietal lobule (p < 0.01). Chess expertise is predicted by the FD in a network of fronto-parieto-temporal regions and is associated with GI changes in the middle cingulate gyrus (p < 0.01) and the superior temporal sulcus (p < 0.01). Our findings add to the evidence that chess expertise is based on the complex properties of the brain surface of a network of transmodal association areas important for flexible high-level cognitive functions. Interestingly, these changes are associated with long-lasting practice, suggesting that neuroplastic effects develop over time
SENSITIVITY TO THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL AGENT FROM OBSERVED INTERACTIONS IN NEWBORN CHICKS (Gallus gallus)
No full textSENSITIVITY TO THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL AGENT FROM OBSERVED INTERACTIONS IN NEWBORN CHICKS (Gallus gallus)
No full textBehavioural observation of newborn domestic chicks (Gallus gallus). In particular, their preference for an agent is tested, after exposure to the stimulus and prior to any social experience
Processos de interação social do setor elétrico brasileiro e da legislação ambiental: entre o mundo sistêmico e as racionalidades do mundo da vida
No full textThe article proposes a reflection about Brazilian Electric Sector and the environmental laws in Brazil with regard to establishment of social interaction process during the planning, the debate and theimplementation of development projects. It presents an assessment of the Brazilian Electric Sector institutional context in the nineties, time when the participation of the private capital in the Sector wasallowed. The article also presents an assessment of the environmental laws, mainly of the public participation when the Sector projects are debated. To deal with this theme, the author uses the concepts developmented by Habermas and Touraine, like instrumental action, lifeworld, system, communicative action and the construction individual process
O Grupo de estudos multidisciplinares da usina hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias : uma avaliaçao institucional do setor elétrico brasileiro e da legislaçao ambiental no Brasil
No full textOrientador : Dimas FlorianiDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Humanas, Letras e ArtesResumo: O presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o Setor Elétrico brasileiro e a legislação ambiental no Brasil com relação ao estabelecimento e funcionamento de processos de interação social quando da implementação de projetos de desenvolvimento. A integração dos agentes sociais intervenientes nos projetos de desenvolvimento, como usinas hidrelétricas, por exemplo, é um aspecto de difícil resolução, haja vista que requer o reconhecimento mútuo sobre a importância dos interesses manifestados e sobre a legitimidade de ação dos participantes da interação. Para refletir sobre o tema, utilizaram-se principalmente conceitos teóricos de HABERMAS e TOURAINE, que abordam a questão da racionalidade técnica instrumental, o mundo da vida è o processo de formação do indivíduo (subjetivação). O contexto histórico comporta as décadas de 1980 e 1990, quando a legislação ambiental foi aperfeiçoada para regulamentar o processo de licenciamento ambiental e o Setor Elétrico brasileiro desenvolveu uma importante discussão acerca da necessidade de fortalecer os vínculos com o restante da sociedade, notadamente com os agentes sociais historicamente antagônicos. Por fim, a discussão sobre processos de interação social ganha materialidade com a experiência do Grupo de Estudos Multidisciplinares da Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias/ GEM-CX (PR), um espaço de discussão e deliberação coletiva que agregou aproximadamente 140 instituições e que definiu o formato e a forma de implementação dos 26 programas ambientais desse projeto hidrelétrico. Sobre o GEM-CX é realizada uma avaliação institucional, identificando as possibilidades de ação dos participantes tendo como norte a problematização do mundo da vida da população diretamente atingida pela Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias e o desenvolvimento do processo de subjetivação, ou seja, da afirmação do indivíduo frente ao mundo sistêmico.Abstract: The text proposes a reflection about Brazilian Electric Sector and the environmental legislation in Brazil with regard to establishment of social interaction process during the implementation of development projects. The interaction among the social agents who works in development projects, like hydroelectric power plants, is a difficult aspect to resolve, because it request a mutual recognize of the importance of de interests exhibited and about the legitimate action of the participants in the interaction. To discourse about this theme, the author use the concepts developments by HABERMAS and TOURAINE, like rational action, vital word and the construction individual process. The historic context happened in 80's and 90's, when the legislation was incremented to regulate the environmental licensing process and the Electric Sector carried out an important discussion about the necessity of approximating with the rest of the society, mainly the population who is directly affect by the projects. Finally, the discussion goes to the Grupo de Estudos Multidisciplinares da Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias/ GEM-CX, a collective discussion and deliberation space, where the 26 environmental projects of Salto Caxias HPP were the main point to be defined. GEM-CX was evaluated in its institutional level, with the objective to show the possibilities of action that the participants had in the direction of the vital world and the development of the individual construction process, or the individual affirmation in opposite of the systemic world
Leder miljökontroverser till minskad finansiell prestation? : En longitudinell studie om miljökontroverser och miljöbetygets modererande effekt
No full textTitel: Leder miljökontrovers till minskad finansiell prestation? En longitudinell studie om miljökontroverser och miljöbetygets modererande effekt Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Roni Sener Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2021 - September Syfte: British Petroleums oljeläckage i den Mexikanska golfen och Volkswagens fusk för att lura kontrollerna av deras bilars utsläpp är miljökontroverser som har fått stor uppmärksamhet i media under 2010-talet. Frågan kring företagens miljömässiga ansvar är något som har lyfts som en respons. Då tidigare studier finner motstridiga resultat gällande miljöarbetets modererade effekt efter miljökontrovers och att variabeln miljöbetyg har skapats, så är syftet med denna studie att undersöka miljökontroversers effekt på det finansiella resultatet samt ESG-betygets miljödimension modererande effekt efter en eventuell miljökontrovers. Metod: Studien har en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi med en hypotetisk-deduktiv ansats. Det är en kvantitativ studie med longitudinell design över 5 år på 252 bolag som ingår i STOXX Europe 600 Index. Studien baseras på sekundärdata inhämtad från Refinitiv Eikon och har analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat & Slutsats: Studiens resultat finner att miljökontroverser har en negativ inverkan på det finansiella resultatet när det gäller Tobin’s Q men på ROE och ROA existerar ingen signifikans. Miljöbetyget minskar inte sambandet mellan miljökontroversbetyget och Tobin’s Q när det läggs till i analysen. Slutsatsen blir därmed att miljökontroverser har en negativ inverkan på den finansiella prestationen men miljöbetyget modererar inte den negativa effekten. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien fyller gapet från tidigare studier då detta är den första som studerar enskilda dimension i ESG-betyget. Den ökar även tidigare empirisk forskning gällande kontroverser negativa inverkan på den finansiella prestationen. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Utrymme lämnas att undersöka andra beståndsdelar inom ESG. Vidare lämnas utrymme gällande företagens geografiska plats. Banker och försäkringsbolag har exkluderats vilket ger utrymme att undersöka de sektorerna. Nyckelord: CSR, ESG, företagskontroverser och miljöprestation.Title: Does environmental controversies lead to decrease in financial performance? A longitudinal study about environmental controversies and the environmental score’s moderating impact Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Roni SenerDate: 2021 - September Aim: British Petroleum’s oil leakage in the Gulf of Mexico and Volkswagens cheating to trick emission tests are example of environmental controversies that have gotten a lot of attention in the media during the second decade of the 21st century. The question has been raised about corporations environmental responsibility as a response. Previous studies have reached contradicting results when it comes to the environmental strategies moderating role after an environmental controversy, therefore the aim of this study is to study environmental controversies impact on the financial performance and the environmental score’s moderating impact after a controversy. Method: This study has a positivistic research philosophy with a hypothetical- deductive approach. It is a quantitative study with a longitudinal design over 5 years on 252 companies that is included in the STOXX Europe 600 Index. It is based on secondary data that has been obtained from Refinitiv Eikon and was later analyzed in the statistical software SPSS. Result & Conclusions: The result of this study is that environmental controversies have a negative impact on Tobin’s Q but there is no significance when it comes to ROE and ROA. The environmental score does not alleviate the relationship between the environmental controversy score and Tobin’s Q when it gets added to the analyzation model. The conclusion is thereby that environmental controversies have a negative impact on the financial performance, but the environmental score does not moderate the negative impact. Contribution of the thesis: This study fills the gap from previous studies because it is the first one to study only one factor in the ESG-score. It also adds to previous empirical research when it comes to controversies negative impact on financial performance. Suggestions for future research: A gap to research other factors within ESG has been left. Furthermore, it leaves a gap for the corporations’ geographical location. Banks and insurance companies has been excluded with leaves future research to be conducted in that sector. Key words: CSR, ESG, corporate controversies and environmental performance
Estudo do espaço presente no segmento posterior do arco dentario inferior em individuos dotados de "oclusão normal" e portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão I de Angle
No full textOrientador: Clotildes Fernandes PetersDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O autor analisou telerradiografias laterais de 80 indivíduos dotados de "oclusão normal" e 80 individuos portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão 1 Angle, Caucasóides, brasileiros, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 11 a 16 anos. Propôs estabelecer valores para o espaço presente no segmento posterior do arco dentário inferior, determinar os incrementos médios anuais para a "oclusão normal" e maloclusão classe II divisão 1, bem como comparar valores médios obtidos entre as duas amostras estudadas. Baseado nos resultados concluiu: 1) os indivíduos dotados de "oclusão normal" e portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão 1 evidenciaram crescimento no segmento posterior do arco dentário inferior no período de 11 a 16 anos; 2) a quantidade de crescimento que ocorreu no segmento posterior do arco dentário inferior foi 2,97mm para os indivíduos dotados de "oclusão normal" e 1,81mm para os portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão 1 de Angle, no período estudado ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: The author analized lateral telerradiographies from 80 people with "normal occlusion" and 80 carriers of class II malocclusion division 1 of Angle, caucasians, Brasilians of both sexes Varying the ages of 11 to 16 years old. He proposed to establish values available space in posterior portion of inferior arch, and to determine the annual mean increments "normal occlusion" and class II malocclusion division 1, as well as to compare mean values obtained between the two samples studied. Based on the results the concluded: 1) The people with "normal occlusion" and the ones with class II malocclusion division 1 highlighted the growth of the posterior portion of the inferior dental arch in the period of 11 to 16 years old. 2) the quantity of growth with occurred in the posterior portion of the inferior dental arch was 2,97 mm for the ones with "normal occlusion" and 1,81 mm for the ones with class II malocclusion division 1 of Angle, in the studied period ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertationsMestradoOrtodontiaMestre em Ciência
Relación entre características sociodemográficas y riesgo de depresión posparto en puérperas que consultan en la clínica CORPOMEDIC Tarapoto junio - setiembre 2012
No full textThis research entitled “related between sociodemographic characteristics and postpartum depression in postpartum women who consult CORPOMEDIC Clinic. Tarapoto district. June-September 2012”; it was planned as descriptive correlational cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach, it aimed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and postpartum depression in postpartum women who came to the Clinic CORPOMEDIC Tarapoto. The sample was represented by 30 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. For data collection technique was used as the questionnaire and two instruments: a structured interview to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of postpartum women and standardized test of closed questions; Scale Edinburgh Postnatal Depression (EPDS), which was previously requested the author to identify the risk of depression in postpartum women. The data were systematized using the statistical package SPSS Microsoft Excel 2007 and Version 17.0. The findings were: increased risk of postpartum depression in postpartum women was 66.7% and 33.3%) had no risk of depression. 73.3% of students had between 20 to 30 years old, 80% had stable union, 36.7% were housewives, 50.0% primiparous, 46.7% reported having one child, the 30.0% had completed high school, 40.0% had incomes between 501 to 750 soles, 60.0% reported unwanted pregnancy and 56.7% had cesarean delivery. There was no significant association between postpartum depression and sociodemographic characteristics: age, marital status, occupation, parity, number of living children, educational level and income level, but found a significant association between Postpartum Depression Pregnancy and the type and significant association between postpartum depression and the type of delivery, postpartum clinic in Tarapoto-CORPOMEDIC.La presente investigación titulada “Relación entre características sociodemograficas y riesgo de depresion posparto en puérperas que consultan en la Clínica corpomedic Tarapoto Junio-Setiembre 2012”; fue planteado como descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, el mismo tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre las características socio demográficas y la depresión posparto en las puérperas que consultaron en la Clínica CORPOMEDIC Tarapoto. La muestra estuvo representada por 30 puérperas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó como técnica el cuestionario y dos instrumentos: la entrevista estructurada, para identificar las características sociodemográficas de las puérperas y el test de preguntas cerradas estandarizadas; la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo (EPDS) que fue previamente solicitada al autor para identificar el riesgo de depresión en las puérperas. Los datos obtenidos fueron sistematizados usando el paquete estadístico Microsoft Excel 2007 y SPSS VERSIÓN 17.0. Los hallazgos encontrados fueron: El mayor riesgo de depresión posparto en las puérperas fue 66,7% y 33,3%) no presentaron riego de depresión. El 73,3 % de jóvenes tuvieron entre 20 a 30 años de edad, 80% tuvieron unión estable, el 36,7% fue ama de casa, 50,0% primíparas; el 46,7% refirió tener un solo hijo, el 30,0% poseía estudios de secundaria completa, el 40,0% tuvo ingresos entre 100 a 500 nuevos soles, el 60,0% manifestó embarazo deseado y el 56,7% refirió parto por cesárea. No existió una asociación significativa entre Riesgo de Depresión Posparto y las Características Socio demográficas: Edad, Estado Civil, Ocupación, Paridad, Número de Hijos Vivos, Nivel Educacional y Nivel de Ingreso, pero se encontró una asociación significativa entre Riesgo de Depresión Posparto y el Tipo de Embarazo y asociación significativa entre Riesgo de Depresión Posparto y el Tipo de Parto, en puérperas de la clínica CORPOMEDIC Tarapoto
