1,720,971 research outputs found
Efektivitas Multi-bi Aid pada Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Triangle Project
Full text linkThe existences of geographical factors, push factors and pull factors generated the intensity of migration in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS). The region which consists of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and part of China’s territory had various problems in the migration process. A predominant problem of migration is rendered by the absence of law framework. Therefore, there were a practically illegal migrant and human trafficking. This research will explain the assistance to recover migration’s problems in GMS given by Australian Government (cooperated with ILO). The type of assistance is categorized as multi-bi aid which is the assistance given by the bilateral donor to a multilateral institution. The assistance was released in the form of a project named GMS Triangle Project with the aim of creating migrant protection in GMS. To analyze the implementation of that project, the author uses the concept of multi-bi aid and review effectiveness through the concept of aid effectiveness proposed by Paris Agreement including ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for a result, and Mutual Accountability. The result of this study describes how multi-bi aid methods are embodied in a form of project and effectiveness are different for each receiving state in GMS
Intervensi Ecowas Dalam Konflik Mali Utara (2012-2013)
No full textKonflik pemberontakan di Mali Utara mencapai periode baru sejak tahun 2012. Konflik ini ditandai dengan kembali munculnya pemberontak Tuareg yang sejak 1990 telah melakukan pemberontakan terhadap pemerintah Mali. Kelompok Tuareg yang terorganisir sebagai MNLA (Mouvement National de Liberation de l‟Azawad) ingin melakukan pembebasan atas Mali Utara. Kelompok yang melakukan pemberontakan tidak hanya MNLA namun ada kelompok lain seperi Ansar Dine dan sebagainya. Kelompok-kelompok tersebut juga melakukan aksi saling bermusuhan sehingga menimbulkan konflik baru di Mali. Disamping konflik pemberontakan, muncul sebuah kudeta militer yang menggulingkan pemerintahan Mali. Kompleksitas konflik yang muncul di atas mengundang ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) terlibat sebagai pihak ketiga untuk melakukan intervensi. ECOWAS merupakan institusi regional yang memiliki keterlibatan besar dalam penyelesaian konflik di Mali. Dengan menggunakan konsep Third-party Intervention penulis bermaksud melakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan deskripsi proses ECOWAS dalam mengintervensi krisis di Mali Utara
Analisis Kekuatan Hukum dan Politik Chevron dalam Kasus Tuduhan Perusakan Lingkungan di Ekuador
No full textKekuatan sebuah korporasi menjadi dilema bagi negara tempat dimana perusahaan tersebut beroperasi. Tendensi hadirnya korporasi selain mencari keuntungan juga untuk meraih kepentingan politik. Meningkatkan keuntungan merupakan aktivitas internal perusahaan, disamping itu aktivitas eksternalnya cenderung mencari kekuatan hukum. Aktivitas korporasi yang kompleks melibatkan negara dan masyarakat sebagai pengawas beroperasinya perusahaan. Apabila terjadi penyimpangan yang dilakukan korporasi maka akan ada upaya untuk menyelesaikannya melalui hukum negara penerima. Namun, kekuatan korporasi melalui tiga aspek yaitu komite aksi politik, lobi, dan kuasa hukum akan berjuang mempertahankan kerajaan bisnis dari halangan negara host. Kisah Chevron di Ekuador pada tahun 2009 hingga 2013 menjelaskan gugatan pengadilan Ekuador agar perusahaan ini mengganti rugi akibat kerusakan lingkungan di sungai dan hutan Amazon. Namun gugatan tersebut tidak membuat korporasi asal Amerika Serikat tesebut tunduk malah melakukan gugatan balik melalui pengadilan di New York dan pengadilan intenasional. Dengan indikator kekuatan korporasi yang digagas oleh Ted Nace, penelitian ini menjelaskan upaya Chevron menghadapi politik dan hukum Ekuador dalam kasus limbah di sungai dan hutan Amazon. Penulis beragumen bahwa kekuatan Chevron untuk mempertahankan kekuasaannya di Ekuador mampu memanfaatkan hak konstitusinya untuk mendapat perlindungan atas kasus yang dihadapi di host country sehingga mampu memberikan serangan balik bagi negara yang menuntut. Hak konstistusi merupakan aspek signifikan yang menangungi perusahaan sehingga mempunyai legitimasi untuk menuntut negara. Kata kunci: Korporasi, Chevron, Ekuador, kerusakan lingkungan, hukum, politi
Indonesia’s Trade Policy Strategy through the Rail Industry for The Train Market in Africa
No full textThe Indonesian Railway Industry (INKA) has increased its export production, especially to other developing countries such as Bangladesh, the
Philippines, and others. Since 2018, Indonesia has explored the railway
industry market in Africa. However, several challenges such as market
competition with China and Europe, the distance between Indonesia
and Africa, as well as the purchasing power of the African region with
the majority of developing and less developed countries are important
notes for Indonesia's strategy. This research will discuss the opportunities,
challenges, and strategies of INKA in exporting trains in the African
region. The analysis of this research uses international trade politics
through the Pure Exchange Model of Trade and Strategic Trade Policy.
The Pure Exchange Model of Trade is used to explain INKA's position in
international trade to understand INKA's opportunities and challenges in
Africa. Meanwhile, Strategic Trade Policy is used to describe Indonesia's
strategy in advancing the Indonesian Railway Industry in Africa. The results
of the study show that Indonesia provides support through a series of
policies such as subsidies and diplomacy to obtain projects in Africa. In
the process, INKA experienced challenges such as intense competition.
However, many opportunities are presented by INKA in terms of the quality
factor and the government's persuasive abilit
Indonesia's Trade Policy Strategy through the Rail Industry for the Train Market in Africa
No full textThe Indonesian Railway Industry (INKA) has increased its export production, especially to other developing countries such as Bangladesh, the Philippines, and others. Since 2018, Indonesia has explored the railway industry market in Africa. However, several challenges such as market competition with China and Europe, the distance between Indonesia and Africa, as well as the purchasing power of the African region with the majority of developing and less developed countries are important notes for Indonesia's strategy. This research will discuss the opportunities, challenges, and strategies of INKA in exporting trains in the African region. The analysis of this research uses international trade politics through the Pure Exchange Model of Trade and Strategic Trade Policy. The Pure Exchange Model of Trade is used to explain INKA's position in international trade to understand INKA's opportunities and challenges in Africa. Meanwhile, Strategic Trade Policy is used to describe Indonesia's strategy in advancing the Indonesian Railway Industry in Africa. The results of the study show that Indonesia provides support through a series of policies such as subsidies and diplomacy to obtain projects in Africa. In the process, INKA experienced challenges such as intense competition. However, many opportunities are presented by INKA in terms of the quality factor and the government's persuasive ability
Indonesia and the complex global economic order: Implication of global and regional economic arrangements on Indonesia’s trade
Full text linkThe complexity of the world economic order means that countries have to follow many regional and global rules. International agreements involve many joint commitments built primarily in the economic field. Indonesia is a developing country that is involved in many international economic frameworks. At the global level, Indonesia is subject to the rules of the Bretton Woods system. Meanwhile, in the regional framework, Indonesia plays a full role in ASEAN's economic system. It does not contain Indonesia's involvement in other international economic orders such as APEC, G20, and so on. This research maps the global economic order in which Indonesia is involved and looks at the implications for Indonesia's international trade. The author uses world economic order approach to examine this topic. The result show that Indonesia has been involved in several economic order regionally and globally. The implication of the study government of Indonesia need to maintains its positive balance of trade although struggles with regional and global competitions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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