1,316 research outputs found
Speed of Publication of Statutes and Regulations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States
No full textExamines reasons for typical delays in publication of statutes & regulations in UK,US, & Canada. Finds US federal laws published more slowly because of time taken to add marginal notes after enactmen
Legal Citation Form: Theory and Practice
No full textSets forth 13 principles as a basis for a system of legal citation forms, and critically reviews various rules in the 13th edition of A Uniform System of Citation
Normative reconstruction and social character of freedom in Axel Honneth
No full textO presente objeto de pesquisa busca proceder ao estudo e identificação dos traços essenciais envolvidos na abordagem teórica das relações sociais e políticas trazidas na obra O Direito da Liberdade do filósofo alemão Axel Honneth. Faz-se uma análise da influência hegeliana sobre o conceito de liberdade, assim como dos fatores relacionados com o suprimento das carências subjetivas, mediadas pelas diferentes “esferas” sociais. Honneth, assim, procura trazer à tona a compreensão de um novo modelo de liberdade advindo da Filosofia do Direito de Hegel, o qual se distingue substancialmente dos modelos tradicionais. O autor busca evidenciar a limitação das teorias da justiça de tradição liberal, invocando a necessidade de uma visão integrada das relações sociais experimentadas nas esferas referidas por Hegel, concebendo-se uma experiência concreta de liberdade social. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se o caráter interdisciplinar e emancipatório do método de reconstrução normativa como base teórica para a justificação pública nas sociedades modernas.This research object aims to study and identify the essential traits involved in the theoretical approach of social and political relations brought in the work Freedom’s Right by the german philosopher Axel Honneth. It analyses the hegelian influence on the concept of freedom, as well as the factors related to the supply of subjective needs, mediated by the different social "spheres". Honneth thus seeks to bring to light the understanding of a new model of freedom stemming from Hegel’s Philosophy of Law, which differs substantially from traditional models. The author seeks to highlight the limitation of liberal theories of justice, invoking the need for an integrated view of the social relations experienced in the spheres referred to by Hegel, conceiving a concrete experience of social freedom. In this sense, the interdisciplinary and emancipatory character of the normative reconstruction method is evidenced, as a theorical basis for public justification in modern societies
The glyoxalase system as an example of a cellular maintenance pathway with relevance to aging
No full textCommentary on: Scheckhuber CQ et al. Modulation of the glyoxalase system in the aging model Podospora anserina: effects on growth and lifespan. Aging. 2010; 2:969-980
A categoria reconhecimento na teoria de Axel Honneth
No full textARAÚJO NETO, José Aldo Camurça de. A categoria reconhecimento na teoria de Axel Honneth. Argumentos, Fortaleza, v. 3, n. 5, p. 139-147, 2011.This article analyzes the category in recognition of Axel Honneth theory. To this end, the author
uses written juveniles of Hegel in Jena. During this period, Hegel develops a theory of
intersubjectivity that encourages the development of term recognition as a backdrop where
conflicts. This context, that Axel Honneth develops its critical theory in his struggle for Recognition.O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a categoria reconhecimento na teoria de Axel
Honneth. Para tanto, o autor recorre aos escritos juvenis de Hegel no período de Jena. Neste
período, Hegel desenvolve uma teoria da intersubjetividade que propicia a elaboração do
termo reconhecimento como um pano de fundo onde se dão os conflitos. É neste contexto
que Axel Honneth desenvolve sua teoria crítica em sua obra Luta por Reconhecimento
Acoustic sensor network geometry calibration and applications
No full textIn the modern world, we are increasingly surrounded by computation devices with communication links and one or more microphones.
Such devices are, for example, smartphones, tablets, laptops or hearing aids. These devices can work together as nodes in an acoustic sensor network (ASN). Such networks are a growing platform that opens the possibility for many practical applications. ASN based speech enhancement, source localization, and event detection can be applied for teleconferencing, camera control, automation, or assisted living. For this kind of applications, the awareness of auditory objects and their spatial positioning are key properties. In order to provide these two kinds of information, novel methods have been developed in this thesis. Information on the type of auditory objects is provided by a novel real-time sound classification method. Information on the position of human speakers is provided by a novel localization and tracking method. In order to localize with respect to the ASN, the relative arrangement of the sensor nodes has to be known. Therefore, different novel geometry calibration methods were developed.
Sound classification
The first method addresses the task of identification of auditory objects. A novel application of the bag-of-features (BoF) paradigm on acoustic event classification and detection was introduced. It can be used for event and speech detection as well as for speaker identification.
The use of both mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficient (GFCC) features improves the classification accuracy. By using soft quantization and introducing supervised training for the BoF model, superior accuracy is achieved. The method generalizes well from limited training data. It is working online and can be computed in a fraction of real-time.
By a dedicated training strategy based on a hierarchy of stationarity, the detection of speech in mixtures with noise was realized. This makes the method robust against severe noises levels corrupting the speech signal. Thus it is possible to provide control information to a beamformer in order to realize blind speech enhancement. A reliable improvement is achieved in the presence of one or more stationary noise sources.
Speaker localization
The localization method enables each node to determine the direction of arrival (DoA) of concurrent sound sources. The author's neuro-biologically inspired speaker localization method for microphone arrays was refined for the use in ASNs. By implementing a dedicated cochlear and midbrain model, it is robust against the reverberation found in indoor rooms. In order to better model the unknown number of concurrent speakers, an application of the EM algorithm that realizes probabilistic clustering according to auditory scene analysis (ASA) principles was introduced.
Based on this approach, a system for Euclidean tracking in ASNs was designed. Each node applies the node wise localization method and shares probabilistic DoA estimates together with an estimate of the spectral distribution with the network. As this information is relatively sparse, it can be transmitted with low bandwidth. The system is robust against jitter and transmission errors. The information from all nodes is integrated according to spectral similarity to correctly associate concurrent speakers. By incorporating the intersection angle in the triangulation, the precision of the Euclidean localization is improved. Tracks of concurrent speakers are computed over time, as is shown with recordings in a reverberant room.
Geometry calibration
The central task of geometry calibration has been solved with special focus on sensor nodes equipped with multiple microphones. Novel methods were developed for different scenarios. An audio-visual method was introduced for the calibration of ASNs in video conferencing scenarios. The DoAs estimates are fused with visual speaker tracking in order to provide sensor positions in a common coordinate system.
A novel acoustic calibration method determines the relative positioning of the nodes from ambient sounds alone. Unlike previous methods that only infer the positioning of distributed microphones, the DoA is incorporated and thus it becomes possible to calibrate the orientation of the nodes with a high accuracy. This is very important for all applications using the spatial information, as the triangulation error increases dramatically with bad orientation estimates. As speech events can be used, the calibration becomes possible without the requirement of playing dedicated calibration sounds.
Based on this, an online method employing a genetic algorithm with incremental measurements was introduced. By using the robust speech localization method, the calibration is computed in parallel to the tracking. The online method is be able to calibrate ASNs in real time, as is shown with recordings of natural speakers in a reverberant room.
The informed acoustic sensor network
All new methods are important building blocks for the use of ASNs. The online methods for localization and calibration both make use of the neuro-biologically inspired processing in the nodes which leads to state-of-the-art results, even in reverberant enclosures. The high robustness and reliability can be improved even more by including the event detection method in order to exclude non-speech events. When all methods are combined, both semantic information on what is happening in the acoustic scene as well as spatial information on the positioning of the speakers and sensor nodes is automatically acquired in real time. This realizes truly informed audio processing in ASNs. Practical applicability is shown by application to recordings in reverberant rooms. The contribution of this thesis is thus not only to advance the state-of-the-art in automatically acquiring information on the acoustic scene, but also pushing the practical applicability of such methods
A LIBERDADE REFLEXIVA SEGUNDO AXEL HONNETH / REFLECTIVE FREEDOM ACCORDING TO AXEL HONNETH
No full textO presente artigo dedica-se ao estudo do modelo de liberdade reflexiva segundo o pensamento de Axel Honneth, exposto no capítulo A.II (A Liberdade Reflexiva e sua Concepção de Justiça) da obra Direito da Liberdade, realizado através do método hipotético-dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, a fim de verificar porque a reflexão do indivíduo realizada sobre os seus próprios atos e guiada apenas por suas intenções não representa o modelo orientador da concepção de justiça proposto pelo autor.The present article intends to study the model of reflective freedom according to the thought of Axel Honneth, exposed in chapter A.II (The Reflective Freedom and its Conception of Justice) of the work Law of Freedom, realized through the hypothetic-deductive method and the bibliographical technique research, in order to verify why the individual reflection carried out on his own acts and guided only by his intentions does not represent the guiding model of the conception of justice proposed by the author
Projection methods and scenarios for public and private pension information
No full textPublic pensions – the primary pillar of old-age income provision – will, in the future, be less generous than they have been in the past, in particular owing to the impact of demographic change. The pension gap is supposed to be plugged by the second and third pillars of pension provision. However, people require reliable planning information if they are to exercise greater individual responsibility. It is therefore absolutely essential that adequate information is made available about the level of pension benefits that will be generated by each pillar of old-age pension provision. This paper outlines a number of different means of presenting the level of future pensions and the assumptions on which such extrapolations are necessarily based. Our work is based on an assumed average rate of inflation of 1.5% and an average rate of real income growth not exceeding 1.5%. This last figure is derived from calculations made in the framework of a macroeconomic simulation model. This model also shows that while the funded pillar of oldage pension provision is not entirely immune to population aging, it is not substantially threatened by a substantial decrease in stock market prices, the so-called “asset meltdown”.
Outside the mainstream: an interview with Axel Leijonhufvud
No full textIn this article the author discusses with Axel Leijonhufvud, one of the world’s leading macroeconomists, a wide range of issues relating to disequilibrium dynamics, the costs of inflation, and the development of macroeconomics after Keynes. Leijonhufvud’s innovative work emphasises the importance of institutions, adaptive behaviour and bounded rationality
Rivolte mancate. Sulle correlazioni tra emozioni e spregio in Axel Honneth e Barrington Moore Jr.
No full textIl saggio è dedicato all’analisi delle correlazioni tra dimensione normativa e reazioni emotive, e più in particolare tra senso dell’ingiustizia e collera morale proposte da Barring- ton Moore e Axel Honneth. Si parte dalla teoria di Moore ripresa da Honneth, per poi con- centrare l’attenzione sulla teoria dello spregio (Missachtung) delineata da Honneth in Lotta per il riconoscimento. Tale teoria viene quindi problematizzata, soprattutto attraverso una analisi delle reazioni emotive di taglio regressivo che seguono a determinate esperienze di ingiustizia.
Lacking riots. On the connections between emotions and disrespect in Axel Honneth and
Barrington Moore Jr.
The paper concerns the analysis of the connections between normative dimension and emotional reactions, and particularly between the sense of injustice and the moral anger out- lined by Barrington Moore and Axel Honneth. The Author starts by discussing the theory of Moore regained by Axel Honneth, then he offers an analysis of the theory of disrespect (Missachtung) outlined by Honneth in Struggle for Recognition. The Author criticizes this theory, particularly he outlines an analysis of the regressive emotional reactions activated by specific experiences of injustice
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